THE COOLLATTIN ESTATE OF COUNTY WICKLOW

Forestry & Industry

Recent research has drawn attention to the value of estate records in illustrating landscape development in the eighteenth century. The records of the Coollattin Estate in South Wicklow are exceptionally well preserved by Irish standards. The records contain maps; account books, rentals and estate correspondence contain information on such issues as changing agricultural techniques, improvements to the housing stock, town buildings and landlord – tenant relationships. They therefore provide a very detailed picture of the changing economic and social conditions within the estate area beginning from around 1730.

The estate comprises the half of Barony of Shillelagh, the regions formally known as Gashaw and Towerboy, one town land in County Wexford – Motabower, a total of almost 69,000 statute acres. This area formed the major part of the estate in the eighteenth century, which also consisted of lands around Rathdrum, Newcastle and Wicklow town and a few town lands around Naas County Kildare. In total the estate was almost 89,000 statute acres.

The landlords of the Coollattin estate, who also owned estates in North Yorkshire England, were permanent absentees in Ireland. The agent appointed, was, therefore largely responsible for the running of the estate, with reference to the landlord in England. Moland gives the total area of Shillelagh barony as 26,869 acres, which is given as 44,392 acres in the Ordinance Survey six-inch map of 1885.

Alphabetical Index to Town land with maps Maps are copyright protect and are printed here with kind permission from the National Library Dublin.

Book of Maps Coollattin Estate

1a Aghowle Upper

1b Aghowle Lower

2 Ardoyne

3 Askakeagh (No Map)

4 Balisland

5 Ballagh (No Map)

6 Ballard

7 Ballincor (No Map)

8a Ballingate

8b Ballingate Lower

8c Ballingate Upper

9 Ballinglen (No Map)

Ballintullagh

10a Ballinguile, (No Map) 10b Ballinguilehill, (No Map)

Balittleknock – Deerpark

11 Ballybeg, (No Map)

12 Ballyconnell, (No Map)

Ballyhavontha

13a Ballycumber North, (No Map) 13b Ballycumber South, (No Map)

14 Ballykelly,

15a Ballyknocker, (No Map) 15b Ballyknocker East (No Map) 15c Ballyknocker West, (No Map)

16 Ballymarroge,

17 Ballynamanoge, (No Map) 18 Ballynavortha, (No Map) 19 Ballynultagh, (No Map)

20 Ballyraheen,

21 Ballyshonog, (No Map)

22 Barnacashel – Coolkenna

23 Boley,

24 Boleybawn, (No Map) 25 Bridgeland (No Map)

26 Carnew,

27 Carrigroe, (No Map) 28 Carrick, (No Map) 29 Churchland, (No Map)

30 Coolafancy,

31 Coolafunshoge, (No Map) 32 Coolalug, (No Map) 33a Coollattin, (No Map)

33b Coollattin Park,

34 Coolbawn, (No Map)

35 Coolboy

36 Coolkenna,

37 Coolroe,

38 Coolross and Park

38a Coolross, (No Map) 39 Corndog, (No Map)

Cowle

40 Crone – Raheenkit – Ballard,

41 Cronelea,

42a Cronyhorn Upper,

42b Cronyhorn Lower,

43 Cross (No Map) 44 Curraghlawn (No Map) 45 Curravanish, (No Map) 46 Deerpark, (No Map)

47 Drummin,

48 Farnees, (No Map) 49 Garryhoe, (No Map) Glennashouk, (No Map) 51 Glenphillipeen, (No Map)

52 Gorteen,

53 Gowle, (No Map) 54 Greenhall, (No Map) 55a Hillbrook Lower (No Map) 55b Hillbrook Upper, (No Map)

56 Kentstown and Parkmore,

57a Kilcavan Upper and 57b Kilcavan Lower,

58 Killabeg and 72a Lumcloon

59 Killaveny, (No Map) 60 Killballyowen, (No Map)

61 Killinure,

62 Kilpipe, (No Map) 63 Kilquiggin see Quigginroe

64 Knockatomcoyle,

65 Knockeen,

66 Knockloe,

67 Knocknaboley, (No Map) 68 Knocknagree, (No Map) 69 Kyle, (No Map)

70 Laragh,

71 Liscolman,

72 Lugduff, (No Map) 72a Lumcloon see Kilabeg, 73 Mangans, (No Map)

Millbrook Lower

Millbrook Upper

74 Mill Land (No Map)

75 Minmore,

76a Money Lower, (No Map)

76b Money Upper,

77 Motabower,

78 Mountpleasant, (No Map)

79 Moylisha,

80 Mucklagh, (No Map) 81a Mullans North, (No Map) 81b Mullans South, (No Map) 82 Mullanaskeagh, (No Map)

83 Mungacullen,

83a Moyne, (No Map)

84 Newry,

84a Newtown,

85a Park and Coolross

85b Parkmore and Stoope

85c Parkmore Page, (No Map)

86 Paulbeg,

87 Preban, (No Map)

88 Quigginroe and Kilquiggan

89 Raheenaket, (No Map)

Raheenglass

90 Raheengraney

91 Raheenteige (No Map)

92a Rath East,

92b Rath, (No Map) 93 Rathcot, (No Map) 94 Rathbane, (No Map) 95a Rathcoyle Upper, (No Map) 95b Rathcoyle Lower, (No Map) 96 Rathmeague, (No Map) 97a Rathshanmore West, (No Map) 97b Rathshanmore East, (No Map) 97c Rathshanmore South, (No Map)

Reenhall

98 Roddenagh, (No Map) 99 Rosbane, (No Map) 100 Rosnastraw, (No Map)

101 Seskin,

102 Slievemweel, (No Map) 103a Slievenamough, (No Map) 103b Slievenamough Plain, (No Map) 104 Slieveroe, (No Map)

105 Stranakelly,

106 Tinahealy, (No Map) 107 Toberlownagh, (No Map) 108 Toberpatrick, (No Map)

109 Tomacork,

110 Tombreen,

111 Tomcoyle, (No Map)

112 Tomaphinoge,

113 Tomnaskela, (No Map) 114 Toops, (No Map) 115 Toorboy, (No Map)

Tullow Clay Money Lower

117 Umrygar,

118 Whitefield, (No Map) 119 Whiterock (No Map)

Varnamaninga

This territory of South Wicklow was traditionally the territory of the native family, the O’Byrnes. There is some evidence of Norman settlement in the area, but this has left little trace in the modern landscape. The first reference to significant English colonisation of the area dates from Elizabethan times, when lands were granted to Sir Henry Harrington, an English adventurer. This lease was drawn up in 1578; ‘Lease… to Sir Henry Harrington, knt.; of the county of Shileleaugh alias Shilealie in County Dublin, lying nigh the Birnes country, in the queen’s disposition as by good matter of record doth appear. To hold for twenty-one years, rent, £13.6s.8d. Maintaining English Horsemen’.

Sir Henry built a defensible castle of stone and lime as Knocklow, near the Carlow border, in the west of the present-day Shillelagh barony. This was subsequently destroyed in 1597, when the native O’Byrnes defeated Sir Henry. A hand painted plan of the battle survives, showing the castle at Knocklow beside the river Dereen, but unfortunately it shows little details of the surrounding landscape.

Sir Henry rebuilt his castle at Carnew in the early seventeenth century, which still stands today. Sir Henry died in 1612, and the castle passed into the possession of Calcott Chambers, a Welshman who, by the time the English traveller, William Brereton, journeyed through South Wicklow in 1635, had built a deer park some seven miles in compass around the castle. Much attention has recently been focussed by historians on the transactions in Ireland of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stafford, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1632 and 1640. In May 1638, a rent charge of £500 a year was bought by Strafford for £4,000 on Calcott Chambers’ lands in Shillelagh (presumably that part of Shillelagh which was created a half Barony around 1600).The way in which Strafford came into his other lands in Wicklow around this time is more complicated. The lands of the junior branch of the O’Byrnes, led by Phelim McPheagh, in the areas of Ranelagh and Cashaw, were forfeited to the Crown following the junior O’Byrnes’ support for Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, in the early seventeenth century. The new settlers on these lands were disposed by Strafford, and the Crown obtained land worth £2,000.

Strafford was rewarded by Charles I by the granting of the manors of Wicklow and Newcastle, and lands in Towerboy and Cashaw. Strafford was later seized in fee of his lands, but his son William was repossessed during the reign of Charles II. The lands then passed into the hands of the family of Lord Malton, the Marquis of Rockingham (and after 1783 to Earl Fitzwilliam, son-in-law of the second marquis), who remained land-lords of the estate until it was sold in 1977.

The estate boundaries remained unaltered throughout the eighteenth century, despite negotiation for the purchase of the estate of Sir John Esmond (adjacent to Coollattin) in 1749. The Town lands listed in the Book of Survey and Distribution of c.1703 under the ownership of Lord Strafford, comprised the exact same area as the estate of Earl Fitzwilliam, as seen in Griffith’s Valuations of 1853.This area was distinct from the remainder of the estate in several ways; it possessed no large tow and a poor communications network, it included the estate house and demesne of Coollattin and, very importantly from the estate point of view, it possessed substantial reserves of forests, in the beginning of the century at least. The estate records for this are, in general, more numerous and more detailed. It should be noted, however, that the regulations laid down by the estate in relation to agricultural, building and other improvements, and general estate management and practice, were similar in every part of the estate. Such regulations created a very distinctive landscape which is still very noticeable today, especially around Coollattin demesne and Shillelagh. This is seen in such features as the oak woods, the distinctive house-types and the regular field boundaries enclosing large fields.

The estate records viewed cover the period from 1728, when records began up to around 1800. These dates were chosen as it marked an interruption in the estate economy following the 1798 rebellion, which led to almost the destruction of Tinahely and Carnew, the two main towns in the area, and brought a temporary halt to the agricultural and planting improvements which were being carried on with estate guidance.

Tinahely retains its Market Square Carnew’s village

The earliest record viewed was estate maps drawn up by Moland in 1728. Moland’s survey, accompanied by a valuation, was completed before many leases on the estate expired in the early 1730’s , and gives a detailed picture of land use and the extent of head tenants’ improvements on each town lands. The study area is covered in fifteen maps, each showing on average five or six town lands. Moland’s survey, together with a volume of maps drawn up by George Hibbard in 1743 showing the extent of coppices and woods on the estate, arrived in the National Library only in August 1978, and are as yet un-catalogued.

The other records, however, have been available for almost thirty years.

These records are of three main types: account books, rentals and estate correspondence.

The account books are continuous from 1745,, and provide a day-to-day record of every item of estate income and expenditure. These are very detailed, and are especially useful in studying the level of estate investment in improvements on the demesne and the estate in general. The rentals, which were drawn up at approximately six-yearly intervals after 1748 and are continuous (yearly) from 1778, contain information not only on the number of holdings, their area and valuation, but also on the permissive and restrictive clauses imposed by the estate on each tenant when the lease was drawn up or renewed, information not usually given in the rentals of other estates in Ireland at this time.

The great wealth of detail contained in these records, and the fact that they have survived particularly well, suggests a highly organised estate administration which, as Smyth suggests, is probably untypical of Irish estates as a whole. The records also represent a particular point of view; they portray a view of the estate by those concerned with managing it. The economic and social conditions of subtenants, therefore, with whom the management had little dealings, are difficult to trace in the records.

These may be supplemented by other sources, in particular travellers’ accounts of the area.

There must be little doubt, however, that the completeness and detail of the estate records imply a very accurate representation of conditions at that time. Travellers’ accounts from this period, notably Fraser’s observations on the estate, published in 1801, invariably express surprise at the high level of improvements in the area, considering its poor fertility. The Ordnance Survey half-inch map, shows a well-defined ridge running north-east, thought he middle of the studied area, dissected by the Derry River north-west of Tinahely, and by its tributaries between Tinahely and Clonegall. This ridge, reaching its highest point north of Tinahely (Saint Mullins, 1419 feet). Is composed of schist, and is located at the contact between the Wicklow granite and the Ordovician shale. The south-easterly flowing rivers, cutting through this ridge have formed deep valleys, which provided important sites for roads. As both the eighteenth and nineteenth century land valuations show, the light-textured soils derived from granitic material in the west of the region are considerably more fertile than those soils overlaying shale, which make up about 70% of the total area of this estate. Much of the land over 1,000 feet is peat land.

With so much mountainous terrain and river to contend with, it is not surprising that the roads within the area often take a meandering course through physical barriers. Nevill’s county map of Wicklow provides a good picture of the communications network in the last decade of the eighteenth century. It shows a generally unplanned network, with few of the long stretches of straight road characteristic of mid-eighteenth century roads in other parts of Ireland laid out under the presentment system. Two exceptions to this noticeable, however: at Coollattin (Malton), laid out in the mid-1770s, where the unusually straight road deviates from its original course to pass close to demesne houses.

Coollattin (Malton) by Moland in 1728 and bottom by Neville c.1794

The links between Shillelagh and Tullow, and Tinahely and Hacketstown, were of great importance during the century not only because they provided access to markets in County Carlow, but also because supplies of lime necessary s fertiliser, drawn from Carlow, passed along these route ways. A comparison between Moland’s estate survey and Nevill’s map shows that the road network changed little throughout the century.

The estate did not partake in road building mainly, it seems, because it was satisfied with the existing network. On his arrival from Yorkshire in 1748, the agent Hugh Wentworth was impressed with the quality of roads: ’As to the bridges and roads we have certainly in the county of Wicklow far better than any other county in Ireland which are made by an assessment of so much in the pound equally levied by the several constables and paid into a cashier’s hand, and proper people to repair the roads, and this is instead of common-days works, and I think much a better method, and by which we are free from turnpikes’.

Around this time also a canal was proposed by Fraser in 1801, ‘to accelerate the improvement of this county’, which would facilitate the movement of lime and coal into the area and also, it was believed, to open up the copper mines in the north-east corner of the estate. An actual survey of the proposed route of the canal was drawn up by John Killaly in 1808, which would branch off the Grand Canal north of Naas, and ‘after crossing the river Slaney, and visiting Baltinglass, also Hacketstown by a winding course, will be terminated at Killabeg, about two miles and a half from the town of Shillelagh.

This ambitious scheme, however, never even reached County Carlow. Later in the century, a new route way was opened up with the construction of the Woodenbridge and Shillelagh railway in 1865. The estate was largely instrumental in the completion of this branch, in granting land free of cost for twelve of the sixteen miles of the line, and donating £1,000 towards the cost of its construction.

Shillelagh Railway Station

Old Railway line at Shillelagh

Old railway line converted to a walk way at Tinahealy

Old Steam Trains

By the mid-nineteenth century, therefore, the estate had many more links with neighbouring towns. In 1728, however, the estate was relatively isolated, and had a very high level of self-sufficiency. This was emphasised by the situation of the estate which, although in County Wicklow, probably had more connections with Counties Wexford and Carlow than with the rest of Wicklow. These connections became more important throughout the eighteenth century, with the growing reliance on market towns such as Tullow, Carlow, Gorey and Enniscorthy.

FORESTRY & INDUSTRY ON THE COOLLATTIN ESTATES CO WICKLOW

Oak Trees

Tomnafinnogue, a plantation of great interest and outstanding local amenity, is the last remaining native Oakland in County Wicklow. Following the sale and sub-division of the Coollattin Estate lands after the death of Countess Olive Fitzwilliam in 1975, the woods became subject to clear felling.

In an attempt to halt the loss of these beautiful woods, local enthusiasts formed the “Coollattin Woods Action Group”.

FORESTRY

The significances of the Shillelagh oak woods is a feature of several centuries of recorded history. The estate inherited vast quantities of timber in the mid-seventeenth century, but there are references to the use of Shillelagh oak in the construction of major British buildings as early as 1444. The estate attached extreme importance to the management and conservation of these woods throughout the eighteenth century. The agent Hume, in 1730 wrote: ‘I look upon planting to be the chiefest improvement in Ireland by reason most of the woods in Ireland were destroyed, and wood to posterity will be a valuable jewel’. This view was emphasised in 1743 when the estate undertook a survey of all the woods and coppices of the area. The size and importance of the forests inevitably declined throughout the century, as the trees were used for house- and ship-building, pipe staves, fuel and charcoal (for use in the local iron furnaces).

Nevill’s map of the close of the century shows a large wooded area around Malton demesne, but elsewhere trees are concentrated only in small groups around houses of head-tenants.

As early as 1444 the bark from the oak was being used in the tanning process. The quality of Shillelagh oak and its suitability as a building material led to its use in the construction of

The Chapel of King’s College, Cambridge.

Oak from this area also reputed to have supplies roofing material for

Westminster Hall

in the 1660s, in which, ‘no English spider webbeth or breedeth’, and also building materials for Trinity College, Dublin. A reference to the sale of timber from Shillelagh for use in building the roof of

in 1671 survives in the Sp. Patrick’s Cathedral’s records: ‘Whereas the Dean and Mr Christian have agreed with John Chase, yeoman, to pay him £24 sterling for carriage of forty tons of timber now in the wood of Shillelagh to the bank of Arklow and thence to be laid down in a convenient place for loading into gaboards to be carried to Dublin for the use of the church.’ This reference to timber being transported from Shillelagh to Arklow is an interesting one, as forty years earlier the English traveller, William Brereton, wrote on the difficulties of transporting timber from ‘Mr . Chambers’ land to Enniscorthy, and thence to Wexford, via the Slaney (river): ‘Out of this part of the wood the best hath been made use of for pipe-staves… the charge of hewing being £1.10s, besides conveying them down by water to Enniscorthy, which is twelve miles, at which time there is required the aid and endeavour of a hundred men to conduct and guide them in this narrow, shallow and crooked river, which runs through the woods’.

Despite the exploitation of the woods for building material and pipe-staves, large areas of forest still remained in the mid-seventeenth century. Brereton wrote of the: ‘abundance of woods, more than many thousand acres; and some of those parts through which we travelled the ground was so thronged and pestered with wood which was fallen and lay upon the ground, as the ground was thereby made of no use’.

After the Earl of Stafford took possession of the estate in 1638, a conflict arose concerning the use of these woods between the private interests of the Landlord, and the interests of the Crown, which needed the timber for ship-building. As early as 1606, it was estimated that the Shillelagh woods could supply ship-building materials for the next twenty years (the clearance of the woods would also, it was believed, remove this haven for ‘thieves and ill-disposed members of those parts of Leinster’. As the need for ships increased at the time of the Anglo-Dutch wars, these woods were again required by the English Navy, at the expense of Stafford’s trade in pipe-staves (i.e., oak planks used in the making of barrels).

The Calendar of State Papers for 1661 reads: ’We hear that the Earl of Stafford has lately contracted with certain merchants for using the woods of Shillelagh for pipe-staves. Yet we are informed that these woods will be of great use for shipping “whereof we have at present great occasion”. You will forbid the felling of these woods until they have been inspected by persons appointed on your behalf, after which we will agree with the Earl and those with whom he has contracted as to what is to be done.’

A SELECTION OF THE WILDLIFE WHICH LIVED IN THE WOODS MANY OF WHICH WERE HUNTED BY THE FITZWILLIAMS AND THEIR FRIENDS

Badger Wild and free Deer on the Mountainside,

A Falcon Wild Feral Goats,

Wild Fox, now often seen in suburbia,

Grey Squirrel

Hedgehog, Irish Elk Muntjac

An Owl, Pheasant often seen on the Coollattin Golf Course,

Pidgeon, Woodpecker resident at Coollattin

Red Kite often seen over Co Wicklow

Hooded Crow (Known to steal golf ball from the golf course of Coollattin).

Thrush Stoat

Red Deer,

THE DEMANDS OF THE ENGLISH NAVY FOR OAK TIMBER

During the 1670s two observers were sent into the area on behalf of the Navy to estimate the quantity of timber and its suitability for ship-building. One of these Peter Brousdon, in a letter to the Navy Commissioners in 16 estimated the forest to be ‘nine or ten miles in length, the best timber being at Ballingate, about eighteen miles from Wexford, ten miles land carriage to Enniscorthy. He believed the total cost of transporting the timber from the Shillelagh woods to England would be fifty-seven shillings a ton, including the expenses of felling and squaring the timber. The other observer at this time, Andrew Yarranton, gave an extremely detailed account of the quantity and quality of the woods. This account included a rough map of all the local forests. It shows the very dense concentration of forest at Shillelagh relative to other parts of Wicklow and Wexford. Three different routes for transporting the timber had already been mentioned by observers previous to this (land carriage to Arklow, land and river carriage to Enniscorthy), and the density of afforestation in this area was probably attributable in large measure to transporting difficulties. Yarranton wrote in 1676: ‘After I had surveyed the River Slaney, and the brooks and rivulets running into the same, and the woods adjoining unto them, with that noble great and good wood called Shillelagh, I then did perfectly see what a great shame it was that such quantities of timber should be rotting in these woods, and could not be come at, the mountains and bogs having so locked them up, that they could not be brought to any sea-port to be employed in the building of ships’.

Examples of English Navy War and Sailing Ships of the 1800s, many built with Oak from the Coollattin area.

He therefore suggested that the River Slaney should be made navigable, at a cost of ten thousand pounds, to facilitate the carriage of timber to Wexford. Here he proposes that the timber be used in the construction of ships for the Navy. He was also impressed with the quality of the oak: ‘there is timber sufficient to make a hundred Men-of-War (and some hundreds of busses), and as good timber as only is in England, (I was going to say better) and not one stick wanting that oak is capable of doing’.

THE COST OF CUTTING AND OAK SUPPLYING

The wood was also cheaper by English standards: he estimated that ships of ‘Wexford or thereabouts’ could be built at three-fifths of the cost of shipbuilding in England (later he revised this figure to a half). Brousdon’s assessment of the woods, however (he thought the wood was probably unsuitable for ship-building as it was full of shakes and wormholes) appears to have held more sway than Yarranton’s proposals. No work was begun to improve the navigation of the rivers, and the trade in pipe-staves continued to be of great importance. The making of pipe-staves is first recorded in the late sixteenth century, when Henry Pine was reputed to have made over £4,000 through the sale of staves. It was Stafford himself, however, who made the biggest profit on the export of staves. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1632 and 1640, he had put an export licence of three pounds per thousand on pipe-staves and fixed the annual total to be exported at half a million. He did not regards himself, however to be bound by these restrictions. In 1669 he supplied Laurence Wood of London with pipe staves at ten pounds per thousand, and, according to Hayes in 1794, sent ‘several hundred thousand into Holland for use of the Stadt-House and other buildings.

ATTEMPTS AT CONSERVATION

Another important cause of the decline of the Shillelagh oak woods before conservation measures were implemented by the estate around 1730 was the presence within the area of the iron industry, which began operating on a large scale after 1668. Samuel Hayes, author of ‘A Practical Treatise on Planting’, published by the Dublin Society in 1794, with reference to the iron forges and furnaces in this area, wrote: ‘It is inconceivable what destruction they must have made’.

Although the ironmasters throughout Ireland, mostly Englishmen, must have realised the necessity to conserve timber if the ironworks were to continue, it seems that the ironworking family in this area, the Chamneys, were typical of most iron-working colonies in the country in not planting or coppicing. In 1730 the agent, Hume, observed: ‘Mr Chamney was obliged to plant a certain number of forest trees pursuant to an Act of Parliament which obliged every person who held iron works to plant such a quantity of trees, or in default to suffer a penalty… observe that from… Rashenmore to Ballybegg are two long miles, not one tree planted all that way’.

Hume was very concerned about the state of the woods as he saw them in 1730, believing that tenants were guilty of having misused the estate timber for their own purposes: ‘You have several honest tenants… both Protestants and Papists, but wherever your Lordship finds any persons… who were concerned anyways in the woods, your Lordship may depend you have a thief or rogue, or a beggar, for they got vast quantities of timber by bribery and whatever they made of that timber which was unfairly come by, it melted like snow against the sun’. Yet this area was still well forested in 1730 by Irish standards. Hume recommended that a valuation of the woods should be made immediately. By the encouraging the tenants to plant and conserve, and by careful management, he believed that the estate would be assured of a regular income from sales of timber for many years to come.

A VALUATION STUDY

A year later, in 1731, a valuation of all the coppices and woods on the estate was made by John Lee. He estimated the total area of the coppices to be 923 (statute) acres, compared with Moland’s figure of 897 acres, or just over 1.3% of the total area of the estate, three years earlier. In his survey of the coppices and woods in 1743, Hibbard showed that the area of woodland had increased to 1221 acres. Despite the sale of several woods by the estate during this period, the value of the forests had increased from£3,382 (English) in 1731 to £3,471 at the time when Lee made another valuation in 1747. The estate coppices were concerned in a narrow zone along the Derry river and Derry Water, especially on the Shillelagh barony-Cashew border.

The largest stands shown by Moland were at Coollattin (120 acres), Tomnephinoge (107 acres), Coolalug and Killaveny (182 acres), and Roddenagh (100 acres). The concentration of woodland in this area indicates that (as is the case to-day) the land between 300 and 600 feet was most suitable for timber growing. Income from the sale of timber consistently provided an important part of total estate income before 1780, averaging around £600 a year. The agent was very aware of the need to strike a balance between forestry income and conservation, and he was also receptive to market demands. In 1749, Wentworth held back the sale of woods at Cronehorn and Coolboy, as he ‘was not `willing to overstock the market. Advertisements for the sale of the woods were placed in a Dublin newspaper, ‘which… is the best way to make the most money of them’. The great majority of these woods were bought by local head-tenants – the Chamneys alone accounted for over half the woods bought between 1730 and 1760. Sale of woods declined after the mid-1770s and by 1790 no new woods were available for sale. These acreages represent only the coppices, i.e., enclosed woods held in fee, and do not include area of woodlands in head-tenant’s parks, gardens, etc.

MANAGING THE WOODLANDS

The care with which the estate controlled the exploitation of the coppices was matched by its encouragement of planting by head-tenants. After 1730, strict rules were laid down in leases obliging head-tenants to plant both fruit and timber trees for commercial use within a defined number of years. Many of these rules were based on Hume’s recommendations of 1730. To protect the trees from grazing animals and weather damage, he recommended that for every hundred acres held by the head-tenant, one acre should be enclosed with a ditch six feet wide and five feet deep, and three quicks of white-thorn or crab planted on top of the bank This was to be carried out within two years of the lease being drawn up. The enclosure was to be followed three times a year for these two years ‘by ploughing and harrowing it very fine’, and then acorns and fir were to be planted eight feet apart, ‘and as often as any trees decays and doth not grow, to replant other trees in their places’.

The penalties for not implementing these improvements were high: five shillings additional annual rent for every acre not enclosed, five shillings for every fir tree, and five pounds for every bushel of acorns not planted, and a ten shilling fine for every cow or horse, and two shillings for every sheep found trespassing on the plantation. As with the fines in relation to building and agriculture, such penalties would have proved extremely difficult to implement. A few instances of fines in relation to timber are recorded in the accounts, e.g., in 1773, a four pounds twelve shillings fine was collected from a tenant names Scott – ‘the damages for cutting thirty young oaks’, and the accounts also detail the expenses of printing advertisements ‘offering five pounds upon conviction of wood stealers’.

Hume in 1730 was not very complimentary about the capacity of head-tenants for implementing planting improvements: ‘But it is a hard matter to bind an Irishman to an improvement. I have found by experience it is as natural for an Irishman to cut down an improvement as for an Englishman to make one’. Yet Moland two years earlier was impressed by the level of planting by tenants, especially on the larger farms of the Shillelagh barony. The farm of Joseph Symes on Upper Coolboy was particularly impressive: ‘…his garden and orchard are beautiful and thriving. A handsome avenue and his ditches, planting and improving is after he best manner. He has not only improved the land very much, but gone a great way in my opinion towards making this one of the most agreeable places in the country’. Moland made special note of the planting improvements on Coollattin demesne. As seen from his representation and description of the demesne, the layout of the parks and gardens still retained a rigid formality which became unpopular in Ireland, as in Britain, later in the century. The gardens were laid out by Captain Nickson in 1720, and Moland considered them to be: ‘very beautiful and pleasant, sheltered by fir trees of the same age, finely grown up… A fair avenue, an orchard and a great number of forest trees in the hedges and in groves. A considerable quantity of this land about the house is covered with young oaks and other trees which though not enclosed are well preserved, and there are several enclosed parks well sheltered with high hedges. The roads and lanes are laid out by straight lines, and the hedges planted with trees’. The conservation of woodland outside the demesne was encouraged by the employment of men specifically to care for the coppices. In 1749, five coppice keepers received a yearly salary of about three pounds each, and Samuel Slater was employed as ‘overseer general of all the Marquisses’ coppices and woods in Ireland’. The estate in every lease reserved the liberty to plant one or two acres on each farm, which was done, as Fraser observed in 1801, ‘in such a way as to add much to the appearance of the country’. The landlord Fraser continued, was ‘also very liberal in giving to the small tenants trees to plant abound their cabins’.

AFFORESTATION

Despite these efforts, the level of afforestation in the last quarter of the century was, by all accounts, very low. Arthur Young, who does not appear to have travelled through this estate, observed of General Cunningham, near Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow, in 1776: ‘There are many copses on the sides of mountains of birch, oak, ash and holly… and to a great height, but no great oak wood, since the Shillelagh woods were cut down about twelve years ago’. Hayes, writing in 1794, lamented the demise of the great oak wood in the Deerpark near Coollattin: ‘The evident symptoms of decay which from that time (1731) they began to exhibit, owing to windshakes and other disorders incidental to old trees, who have lost a mass of shelter on every side, made it expedient to cut them nearly all down from time to time’. The last remaining concentration of woods was around Malton demesne, where Hayes spoke of ‘a considerable number of healthy oak of a good growth for their age, in the adjoining woods of Coollattin’. The shortage of timber implied a growing need to find new resources of fuel. This appears to have been carried to the extreme at the close of the century by the estate, as the lease drawn for Killaveny in 1880 shows: ‘liberty to sink, search for and carry away all timber planks, boards and other pieces of wood called bog wood from those premises’. Timber for commercial uses had, therefore, virtually disappeared.

While the transportation problems of transporting timber had restricted the exploitation of these woods in the seventeenth century, the efficient estate management of the forest in the eighteenth century had ensured, however, that this area remained well forested when much of Ireland was devoid of trees. The practice of planting by tenants in the parks and gardens, encouraged by the estate, continued after the estate coppices had gone, and this is still a feature of Shillelagh today.

QUESTIONS IN THE DAIL

The following is an edited report on Dáil Éireann’s – Volume 373 – 03 June, 1987 proceeding regarding the proposed protection of the Tomfinogue Oak Woods in Co. Wicklow. Private Members’ Business. – Local Government (Planning and Development) (Trees and Woodlands) Bill, 1987: Second Stage (Resumed).

Whats left ofTomfinogue Oak Woods in Co. Wicklow. Minister of State at the Department of Energy (Mr. Smith): The problem of Coollattin to which the proposed legislation by the Labour Party in this special Private Members’ Bill refers is not new and did not develop overnight. It would be true to say that it has been simmering for a number of years. One has to ask the question as to why the Labour Party, as a partner in the last Government, did not, during their term of office when they had an opportunity to so do, introduce amending legislation to deal with this problem. It seems the problem was ignored and that it took the interest and the special willingness of the Taoiseach and of this Government, who were anxious to investigate in a very thorough way and seek to find a solution to the Coollattin carnage, to jog the consciousness of the Opposition and awaken their members out of a four year slumber. I want to again put this whole situation into context. By giving a brief history I want to refresh the memories of Deputies in regard to this matter. The felling of trees is governed by the Forestry Act, 1946, which stipulates that, apart from certain exceptions, the permission of my Department is required before trees are felled. Local authorities have powers under the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1963, to preserve trees on amenity grounds by making a tree preservation order. Where such order exists an application for permission to fell must be made to the local authority in question. Where such an application is refused, however, compensation must be paid to the applicant. I want to put the record straight that as far as the case of Coollattin Woods is concerned, all the felling licences which issued from the Department of Tourism, Fisheries and Forestry, as it was at the time, were authorised by the previous administration.

Coollattin estate comprises 500 hectares of woodland, 300 hectares of farmland and an historic 18th century mansion and was sold to its present owners, Bridgefarm Company Limited, at the beginning of 1983.

The company immediately applied for a five-year general felling licence and my Department issued a one-year general felling licence in the first instance. This licence issued in December 1983 for the thinning of 75 hectares and the clear felling and replanting of 163 hectares. Those trees were not subject to tree preservation orders and Wicklow County Council did not object to the licence on amenity grounds. This licence has now expired and replanting has taken place. In March 1985 Bridgefarm Company Limited applied to Wicklow County Council for planning permission to fell some trees covered by tree preservation orders. This permission was subsequently granted and my Department issued a further general felling licence to thin 14 hectares and to clear fell and replant 45.2 hectares. Again the county council did not object on amenity grounds. This licence expired in January of this year and replanting must be completed by January 1988. Two further licences were issued, one on 9 September 1986 authorising the felling of 548 trees subject to an obligation to replant 24,000 trees and compliance with the conditions of Wicklow County Council’s consent. The most recent licence issued on 27 January of this year and this authorised the felling of 619 trees subject to an obligation to replant 36,000 oak trees. The area at the centre of the current debate, Tomnafinnogue, covers 66.5 hectares or approximately 164 acres. It mainly comprises oak, estimated to have originated about the year 1700 AD.

In 1978 the county council made tree preservation orders on the trees in Tomnafinnogue Wood. Bridgefarm Company Limited recently made application for planning permission to fell trees in the wood and this has been granted by the county council subject to very stringent conditions which provide for phased felling and a replanting programme designed to mitigate adverse effects on the environment. Having received such permission, the company, as they were obliged to do under the Forestry Act, 1946, lodged a felling notice with my Department giving 21 days notice of their intention to fell the trees. I immediately issued a prohibition order in response to this notice and no felling can take place unless a felling licence is granted. The company were in contact with my Department following receipt of the prohibition order and they have indicated that they will apply for a felling licence. In considering the licence, I would have to take full regard of the conditions set by Wicklow County Council in their planning permission and serious consideration would also be given to the company’s performance in relation to the conditions attached to previous licences. Deputies will recall that I informed the House during the earlier debate on this Bill that following a preliminary survey of Coollattin by my officials certain disturbing features to the new plantation by the Bridgefarm Company Limited were uncovered. On receipt of this information I instructed the inspectors in my Department to carry out a comprehensive survey with a view to finding out the facts as to whether or not this company had complied with the conditions specified in the granting of felling licences by my predecessors. This survey revealed a more than inordinate mortality rate in the new crop of plants. The numbers of dead, dying or very weakened plants varied between the differing species and were highest in the oak wood. My Department, during the years, have accepted that there will always be some level of failure in new plantations and, in accordance with practice, will accept up to 15 per cent mortality rate. However, in this instance, the rate of crop failure was considerably higher and was quite unsatisfactory. A likely contributory factor to this development is, in my opinion, the rate of felling of these woods. As has already been stated, about five-sixths of the wood has been clear felled and it could scarcely be regarded as good forestry policy to remove completely in such a short time and in one fell swoop trees that took 200 years to grow. The oak wood species thrives in sheltered conditions. The plant needs to be protected from excessive rainfall, frost and unwanted vegetation. The older crop of trees afford this cover and structured and sensitive felling of these species over a long period so as to allow for the proper generation of new crops should be the approach. In spite of deficiencies in legislation which are an urgent priority for this Government, my Department have engaged in, and have openly encouraged owners of private broad leaf plantations to participate in agreements for the proper management of their woodlands. I want to further encourage owners of private woodlands to avail of these specialist services. Our few remaining oak woods have been so depleted that we are in danger of losing the quality seed source necessary to rebuild the hardwood resource. Broad leaf high forests cover about 34,000 hectares and of that the oak wood species has a mere 11,000 hectares. We import about £16 million of hardwood annually and, as the House knows, hardwoods are a fast diminishing resource all over the world and the remaining oak woods in this country will continue to increase in money value terms. The yield class of Irish oak equals that of pine in Finland and the quality of Irish oak has been famous internationally for centuries. We cannot, therefore, be indifferent to this valuable resource and, as a consequence, the needs of future generations. The debate which has resulted from the felling at Coollattin has highlighted the need for a defined national strategy in relation to broad leaf species. I am convinced of the need to increase the level of planting of broad leaf species by the State and of the encouragement of the private sector with a view to the needs of future generations. It follows from this that existing plantations, particularly semi-mature woods, need to be protected and felling of mature trees permitted in a sensitive and planned way allowing for gradual removal only and simultaneous replacement of the species. I am setting out a programme to ensure there will be an annual increase in overall percentage terms in State planting of broad leaf species and also encouraging by way of special grants to the private sector, both to individuals and companies, to set aside suitable land for this purpose. In this context I repeat my conviction that such a policy requires urgent attention. It will have that from my Department, and the legislative framework and back-up will be put into place by this Government as soon as possible. This I believe can be achieved through the amendment of existing legislation and will not, in my view, require extensive changes. People who grow oak realise they will not benefit financially themselves. They know it is a long-term activity. It is in many ways an act of faith in the country. They do something special for our heritage. This Government have demonstrated in a clear and unmistakable way that they will not spare any effort in preparing the way, both legislatively and otherwise, to put this sorry spectacle behind us and to begin a new era in a more enlightened and positive manner. Mrs. Hussey: Last week when the Minister of State made his announcement there was a great sigh of relief at his decision to halt the tree felling at Tomnafinnogue Wood. I welcome that decision without reservation, because Coollattin and the fate of those trees have been a source of considerable anxiety and frustration for some considerable time. Unfortunately, it will continue to be a matter of concern as long as there is some question of the reprieve of Tomnafinnogue Wood being only temporary, related not only to the beauty, amenity or antiquity aspects of the wood but to non-compliance with previous felling licence conditions as announced by the Minister of State last week. While welcoming the Minister’s decision, I found it mysterious because we had confusing correspondence about what was going on at Coollattin over a considerable period. I had a letter from the Department of Tourism, Fisheries and Forestry on 4 February saying that constant monitoring of forestry activity at Coollattin Woods had been carried out by officials of the Department and that the Department were satisfied all the conditions of the felling licences issued by them had been fully met. The Minister of State said on 27 May 1987, at column 3094, Volume 372 of the Official Report: …it was brought to my notice that the conditions which applied to the earlier licences had not been complied with. I say this is mysterious because things seem to have changed in just three months. I want to know who inspected the woods prior to 4 February and who inspected the woods in early May. Were two different people involved or did things change mysteriously in that period? Mrs. Hussey: I know that but I would like to know if different people inspected the trees. I am not asking this in a mischievous way or to cause trouble or political problems. I want an answer to this question. The people who are concerned about Coollattin and the latest developments there might be forgiven for being confused and worried when changes like this happen. In a letter dated 28 May the Taoiseach confirmed the decision announced in the Dáil by the Minister of State. There was a sentence in that letter which read “Any such felling cannot legally be undertaken at the wood at the present time”. The phrase “at the present time” has an ominous ring, and perhaps the Minister would clarify that point. We have been told this problem will be sorted out. I hope the best brains in the Department of the Environment and in the Department with responsibility for forestry, together with the Attorney General’s Office, will be used to find a way to deal efficiently and fairly with the kind of case Coollattin presents. My colleague, Deputy Carey, will deal in detail with this Bill. I welcome the opportunity for this extended debate. Our country is not as wooded as it should be but, at the same time, we have a very strong responsibility to protect what we have while encouraging the forestry industry. Those responsibilities present a very tall order because they embody some inherent contradictions. I compliment the many groups and individuals in County Wicklow and across the country who, in the best spirit of community concern, raised, and continue to raise, the question of Coollattin. I hope their efforts will result in a final solution to this sorry chapter in our environmental history.

Mr. Carey: I join with Deputy Hussey in welcoming the spirit in which the Labour Party brought in the Local Government (Planning and Development) (Trees and Woodlands) Bill, 1987. It was a major effort to bring about a quick solution to the serious problems which had developed at Coollattin. I am disappointed with the petty arguments put forward by the Government side and their crowing about their goodwill towards and interest in broad leaf developments. The Taoiseach promised there would be an early resolution to the difficulties experienced at Coollattin. The Government promised to bring in legislation but since examining the matter they have discovered there are huge constitutional difficulties involved. The Minister for the Environment dealt at length with the matter. Mr. Carey: We will have to wait to see the new Bill before we know if he is correct about everything. Exaggerated promises given in relation to private property will inevitably delay any progress towards a resolution of the difficulties. The Department of the Environment and the Department with responsibility for forestry have serious roles to play but my experience would lead me to believe that they are poles apart. The crisis at Coollattin should bring them together. Throughout the country county development plans are being drawn up. People are looking at ways in which to protect the environment and develop scenic and amenity areas. The Bill cannot be supported because it has serious defects which would prevent it from achieving its avowed aim which is to protect trees and woodlands of special amenity value. It would impede commercial development of our forests. Any legislation dealing with this problem should include compensation at present use value for any person prevented from felling by a special amenity or preservation order. It should define a system of appeal in regard to preservation or special amenity orders. Any enactment brought forward should be referred to [491] the Supreme Court for confirmation of its constitutionality. I listened to the Minister for the Environment, the Minister for State at the Department with responsibility for Forestry and to the mover of the Bill. Deputy Kavanagh made serious efforts to protect Coollattin and its environment. I was very disappointed to hear the notion put forward on the Government side that they were the saviours of this amenity. Mr. Carey: The Fianna Fáil members of Wicklow County Council never objected to the various orders which were made for felling trees at Coollattin. There would be unity in the House about the matter if the legislation was brought in. The Taoiseach made great headlines in regard to this promised legislation. He made a famous trip by helicopter to Coollattin. This Government will be known as the chopper Government. Every little difficulty is resolved by a helicopter visit. The Minister for the Marine made two trips by helicopter to the Kowloon Bridge. The Minister for Communications made a lightening visit by helicopter to Bord na Móna sites in bad weather. I am sure the people in Bord na Móna could have informed him about the state of forestry development without his making helicopter trips to the various sites. They are now seeking to make this matter a high profile one because it is emotive and is one of the “green” issues. The problem with the Government is that they do not have the legislation ready and it ill-behoves them to attack Deputy Kavanagh because he made a reasonable effort to bring in a Bill. Mr. Carey: There should be some agreement in the House about matters such as the protection of Coollattin Woods. There will have to be considerable change before the Departments involved come to an agreement on it. As Deputy Hussey said, the order which the Minister of State has made is a temporary one and there is nothing to prevent a new application being made. If they are commercial developers they will pursue their interests. There were differences between the officials who visited the site to see if the conditions of planning had been met. If these conditions have been met, if the oak has been planted and if there is less than a 30 per cent failure rate, say it is 10 per cent, what will the Minister of State do then? The Government are in a position to bring in the necessary legislation to save Coollattin and other such developments. I do not know if there is any good in uttering pious platitudes or giving lectures on botany about how one should grow oak or preserve the seed. Mr. Carey: Yes, I have. It is very important. It is only lately that forestry has merited much attention in the Government’s programme. It is worth checking the record of Fianna Fáil in regard to this. What have they done about broadleaf? There is not much evidence that they did much to develop this area before the crisis at Coollattin. While my party do not propose to support the Bill we appeal to the Government to get their legislative act in order and make reasonable efforts to protect Coollattin. Mr. Roche: In introducing the Bill last week Deputy Kavanagh dealt at great length with the crisis at Coollattin, as was appropriate, but touched only briefly on the Bill. In fact I note that in the somewhat rambling, twisted and convoluted contribution of the Deputy opposite the provisions of the Bill were only briefly touched on. The woodlands at Shillelagh have been famous for many centuries and it is a tragedy that they are threatened in this decade. Timber from those woods was used to roof Westminster Hall, Henry VIII’s chapel at Windsor and King’s Chapel, Cambridge. It is also said that Coollattin oak was used in the Stadt House in Amsterdam. The debate tonight is welcome because it highlights what has happened in Coollattin. The distribution of Deputy Kavanagh’s time in the debate seems to indicate certain pangs of conscience on his part. Indeed, it is a great pity that his awareness of Coollattin, and its plight, was not exhibited when he was in a position, as Minister, to do something about it. Mr. Roche: The inaction of the last administration stands in stark contrast to the actions of the Government. On 6 December 1968 the then Minister for Fisheries, Forestry and Tourism indicated, in correspondence with another Wicklow Deputy, his satisfaction with the way things were being run at Coollattin. It is not right to suggest that I am wrong in my statement. In that letter the Minister spoke of his satisfaction with matters at Coollattin and of the replanting obligations being fully completed to a high standard. Anybody who has a passing familiarity with the woodlands of Coollattin will know that the replanting obligations imposed on Bridgefarm Limited have not been adhered to, have not been completed to a high standard and have been met in a sinister and cynical fashion. The letter to the Deputy in 1968 stated that felling at Coollattin estate had been closely monitored by officials from the Department and Wicklow County Council over the previous three years and there was no indication that the owners had any intention of exceeding the terms of the felling licences issued to them. The fact is that rather than cut down individual trees or take down one-third of the trees at Coollattin, Mr. Tatten and his servants have devastated five-sixths of the estate. They have clear-felled it and, to add insult to injury, moved bulldozers in and scraped the land. Not only have we not had proper husbandry there but we have had wide scale devastation. The suggestion that the Bill in some way is aimed at protecting Coollattin is a sham. When one looks at the stewardship of the last administration, and of the Deputy who introduced the Bill, we will see that there is every reason to understand the cynicism we sometimes attract as Members of this House. We got a lot of hot air from the last administration about our heritage and our environment—— Mr. Roche: In contrast to the attitude of the last administration the Government moved swiftly to deal with the problem at Coollattin. Their action was decisive in so far as the small portion of Coollattin Wood that was left was concerned. On 21 March the Taoiseach visited the woods to view at first hand the devastation that had taken place in the last two years of the Coalition. Following that visit the action of the Government was swift and decisive. The Minister concerned was requested to review the position urgently and come up with remedies. The woodlands were properly inspected to see if Bridgefarm Limited had complied with the conditions laid down in the felling licences which had been granted to them. A special amenity area order covering Tomnafinnogue Wood was prepared and passed by Wicklow County Council. On 27 May, the day the Bill was introduced, the Minister of State at the Department of Energy issued a prohibition order preventing the present owners of Coollattin Estate from any further felling of trees at Tomnafinnogue Wood. I should like to take up two points relating to those actions which were raised by Deputies Hussey and Carey. Those Deputies, by the nature of their questions, appear to express disappointment at the decisive action of the Minister of State. Obviously, his decisive action did not suit them. In the course of her four minute contribution Deputy Hussey tried to find flaws in the positive manner the Government are adopting in dealing with the problem. In my view she cannot find a flaw in it. Coming from the garden county that Deputy surprised me with her evident lack of knowledge about plant life. An assessment of young forest crop in mid-winter could never be entirely accurate. Obviously, it takes the spring growth to indicate what is happening to young trees. I visited Tomnafinnogue Wood recently and walked the lines of replanting. Anybody with an eye in his head could see that the owners of the wood have behaved in an extraordinarily cynical manner. They have not met their replanting obligations and have put in sceach oak here and there. When one gets to the headlands the lines of oak replanting disappear. The number of conifers replanted vastly outnumbers the number of young oak. It takes an interested citizen to walk those woods to see what happened while the Coalition were in office. Shame on them. In my view the Minister’s action was effective. In signing the prohibition order the Minister of State, Deputy Smith, did more at a stroke to save an irreplaceable part of the nation’s heritage than the whole cabal of Labour lawyers could do in one year’s consideration. I welcome the prohibition order not only on behalf of the people of Wicklow but on behalf of all people who truly care for Ireland’s heritage.

I submit that to allow Bridgefarm Limited loose in Tomnafinnogue with a chainsaw, given their past performance, would be as recklessly irresponsible as letting a bunch of gurriers loose in the Louvre with an endless supply of spray cans. What has happened there is a shame and a disgrace.I should like to hearthily congratulate the Minister on what he has done. Deputy Carey suggested that this is only a temporary order but I have every confidence that the Minister, if he receives any further applications from Bridgefarm Limited, will take a long time to consider them and will treat them as he has treated the most recent application.

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED

The events at Coollattin illustrate two things, the need to revise our planning laws — in particular the need to revise them in so far as they touch on the issue of compensation — and the need for a carefully drafted piece of legislation which will not allow a buccaneering company to run a coach-and-four through it. In other words, we need legislation covering some of the points nominally dealt with in the Bill. The Forestry Act, 1946 requires notification of intention before felling any woodland. That Act requires the Department of Forestry to review an application in order to see whether it is in order from a silviculture point of view and whether there are any objections from the amenity point of view. The 1963 Act also needs to be looked at. If a tree felling order is made as we tried to do in Wicklow County Council — although Deputy Carey does not seem to be aware of what the county council have done—— Mr. Roche: The Deputy should know — if not he should not be spokesperson — that that is an executive decision. There are two Fianna Fáil Deputies from County Wicklow both of whom are members of the county council, who have assiduously attempted to protect the woodlands at Coollattin and to reverse the effect of the devastation resulting from the irresponsible and reckless behaviour of the former Government. The Bill attempts to deal with the nub of the problem between the Acts of 1946 and 1963 and with the issue of compensation which is a major problem given the considerable body of case law which has grown up from the constitutional protection in Article 40 of property rights. Deputy Carey dismissed at the outset of his extraordinary speech the Minister’s report of the Attorney General’s views which are on record on the issue of compensation. After speaking for about two minutes Deputy Carey found new constitutional problems and the necessity to refer certain matters to the Supreme Court. He did not make it clear whether he supports the Bill. At one stage he said he could not support it. He seemed to be [497] criticising the House for not supporting it. Mr. Roche: We have been in Government a few short weeks and the Deputy’s party were in Government for four and a half miserable years. During the last two and a half years of their term of office Tomnafinnogue and Coollattin woods were devastated. The previous Government did nothing—— Mr. Kavanagh: The destruction started in 1977 when Fianna Fáil were in office. Mr. Roche: No amount of twisting or turning will change the facts. Look at the dates of the felling orders and see who was in office. All this may be unpalatable but it is the truth. The Bill, laudably, attempts to deal with the compensation issue which is a very difficult one as it hinges on constitutional problems. Sadly, the Bill, while well intentioned, fails to reconcile its good intentions with the requirements of the Constitution. The Attorney General advised that the Bill is unconstitutional. In the circumstances it would be irresponsible of the House to pass the Bill as it would land the hard-pressed taxpayers with more lawyers’ bills and would not protect a single tree. Another point I should make about the Bill is that it will not and cannot have a retrospective effect. Instead of rushing through this legislation, the wiser course of action is that suggested last week by the Minister for the Environment in announcing his intention to set up a working group to urgently review the position on compensation and planning laws. Everybody in the House is in agreement that such a review is needed, especially in so far as compensation is concerned. The group the Minister promised to establish will make recommendations on legislative, administrative and organisational aspects and this is where there [498] was some thread of validity in Deputy Carey’s remarks about the distance between two Government agencies. There should be no distance between those Government agencies because they are both charged with the protection of the common good. Administrative, legislative and organisational issues are raised by the Coollattin case. In the area of trees and woodland, this group should learn from the experience at Coollattin; they should attempt to establish a restrictive definition in law as to what constitutes a tree because that has been a problem in the past. Is a piece of sceach elder left behind by the bulldozer a tree? It is difficult, this is a weakness in the law which must be addressed. The group should also harmonise the provisions in forestry and planning legislation. They should also look at the way in which we can reconcile the amenity uses of our woodlands with the need for their economic exploitation. Above all, the group must explore fully the means whereby tree felling is regulated. They must set down the conditions which can apply to any tree felling because one of the problems arising from the Coollattin experience is that tree felling is extremely difficult to control. The tragedy at Coollattin cannot be redressed by the Bill because it cannot recreate woodlands out of the devastation at Shillelagh. Deputy Kavanagh, when introducing the Bill, suggested that its passage might protect the remnants of Coollattin but, even if the Bill was not flawed, it could not do that, because, as I have already said, it would not have a retrospective effect in law. The immediate crisis at Tomnafinnogue has been averted by the swift action of the Minister and there can be no doubt as to the Government’s concern, not just for our woodlands, but for our heritage in the widest sense. The House can confidently accept the course of action recommended by the Minister and the Government. There was good intent in the Bill but, given the extent of its weaknesses, unfortunately, the House has no option but to reject it. Mr. M. Higgins: I welcome the order made by the Minister of State which will put an immediate stop to the further destruction of the woods mentioned by previous speakers. Indeed, I recall that one of the very first questions I tabled dealt with this topic some weeks ago and I am glad that action has been taken which will temporarily put a stay on the activities of the present operators of Bridgefarm and their destructive consequences on the woods in question. I wish to refer to remarks made by the Minister for the Environment in opposition to this Bill and repeated by implication by Deputy Roche. This raises an extraordinary question concerning the legislative process. Last week, despite repeated requests, the Minister for the Environment did not state precisely the objections on constitutional grounds to the Bill before the House. In the Official Report of 27 May 1987, column 3081, the Minister for the Environment said: I have sought the advice of the Attorney General on the question of whether the provisions of the Bill are consistent with the relevant Articles of the Constitution. I have to tell the House that the Attorney General has advised that the Bill would not withstand a challenge on constitutional grounds. In his view, legislation which would amend the Planning Acts so as to abolish compensation in the event of a refusal of consent to fell woodland trees would be found unconstitutional. The Minister said earlier that the provisions of the Constitution which would be contravened are Article 40.3, and Article 43. Last week I made repeated requests to the Minister to specify how Article 40.3 and Article 43 are offended by the proposed legislation. That is the nub of the issue before us. As Deputies decide whether or not they can support this Bill, they will have to ask themselves whether they are willing to pose this challenge. With regard to the people who are speaking against this Bill on constitutional grounds, there is an enormous danger they are damaging the concept of the common good. By firing away the question of compensation initially, they are putting a powerful tool into the hands of those who want to get away with the notion that compensation is somehow supported in the Constitution. There is no such explicit defence of the concept of compensation in the Constitution. Deputy John Kelly in his seminal work on the Irish Constitution, at page 658, summarises a review of the case law in relation to compensation as follows: It will have been noticed that the cases presented so far occasionally refer to compensation as an element which may validate or make acceptable constitutionally what otherwise would be an objectionable inroad on private property, or to absence of compensation, as an element confirming the injustice of the interference. Yet there is no settled doctrine on the constitutional status of compensation.

The cases disclose dicta which appear to permit a range of possibilities, varying from simple expropriation, through partial compensation at less than market value, in full market value, and even (where because of the temporary fluctuation the current market value might not be a just compensation) something more than it. That is Deputy John Kelly’s conclusion after a series of examinations of very specific cases of Irish case law dealing with the question of compensation. I wish to follow this point as it is a point of the utmost importance in relation to the present Bill. We have to ask ourselves what is the role of the legislature in relation to the Office of the Attorney General and what is the role of the legislature under the Constitution. It seems extraordinary that the legislature will not justify which cases are being used to strike down different sections in this Bill, wilt not offer a whit of evidence and will just say, in a grand way, that Article 40.3 and Article 43 would be offended. That indicates a conservatism and a caution which is not even present in the courts. Let me give a practical example of what I mean. Deputy Kelly, whom one would hardly call a radical and expropriation [501] mad socialist, offers the opinion in his book. Equally, if one looks back over the Supreme Court judgments and the case law in relation to a number of tests which have been made, one will find that the courts have given hints as to their interpretation of the compensation clauses. Surely it would suit the legislature far better to be pushing a Bill out and testing the ground in relation to the compensation issue rather than seeming to accede to the most conservative possible interpretation of the case law. I believe the common good will be very badly served by such a cautious, conservative and narrow interpretation within the bounds of property. It is a conception of property which has not enjoyed a positive interpretation by the courts and is one which does not exist in relation to the Constitution itself. Let me point out to the House the problem which faces the Minister, Deputy Flynn. He suggested that Article 43, for example, is affected by the Bill which the Labour Party have placed before the House. I would like to ask him a specific question to which I hope he will reply. Which interpretation of Article 43 is affected by the legislation which is before the House? Article 43 prohibits the abolition of the general right to ownership, the right to transfer and to inherit private property. Article 43.2 contains a proviso which entitles the State to delimit by law the exercise of this right to private property. There is an explicit provision “with a view to reconciling their exercise with the exigencies of the common good”. The whole point of having law which pushes out the limits in this regard is to force an interpretation of the common good but the advice given to the Minister by the Office of the Attorney General is that we should be so cautious that we are unwilling to test the concept of the common good which might be interpreted by the courts in a more modern way. Certainly, it would be interpreted differently in 1987 than it would have been in the sixties when there was a far less ecological awareness than there is now. There is enormous merit in abandoning this rather narrow, conservative and damaging concept of the Constitution. In fairness I do not believe the Constitution was framed — and I have been one of its critics — to be used in this particular way. Some people have taken the opportunity to force the courts to define the common good and to take account of changed circumstances.

The Minister also made reference to Article 40 of the Constitution which makes reference to the personal rights of the citizen. Article 40.3, which was referred to explicitly by the Minister, guarantees “to respect and as far as practicable by its laws to defend and vindicate the personal rights of the citizen”. Article 40.3.2º states, “the State shall, in particular, by its laws protect as best it may from unjust attack and, in the case of injustice done, vindicate the life, person, good name and property rights of every citizen”. A question arises immediately on the interpretation of that Article. Will the Minister tell the House where that Article is offended by the legislation which is before us at present? Let me make a comment from my own reading of the commentary on the case law. The onus is on those who would be affected by this legislation to show that they, in fact, have been subjected to an unjust attack and that the unjust attack was such as to erode the concept of the common good. There seems to be a double protection there. In the previous clause of the Constitution one is protected by the interpretation of the common good and in relation to the second example mentioned by the Minister one is protected by the fact that the individual is not being singled out for specific mention. This arose in a famous case in relation to an archaeological site.

In that case in so far as the individual did not have just one of these sites on his property and it had been diminished in value, you could proceed and not be shown to have an unjust measure directed specifically at the individual. I worry very much about the principle of developing the concept of the common good eroding the notion of there being compensation for something which should never have applied in the first instance and about which the courts are reconsidering their decision. We in this legislature should not be taking a cautious view, throwing away whatever gains might be made through a decision of the courts and what gains might be possible in relation to the protection of our national assets and so forth. It has implications far beyond the question of Coollattin Woods. To summarise this section of my argument, the Minister is under an obligation if he invokes Article 40 to tell us where and in what form an attack on personal property rights is contained in the Labour Party Bill. I remember the time someone would say when things were very bad that people should go down the country to say that there would not be enough money to pay the teachers or the nurses and people were supposed to accept that. Perhaps people did accept that kind of nonsense from time to time. We are all Members of a legislature and when the Minister quotes the Constitution and suggests that there is an impediment there is an onus on him to justify it. He cannot just cite Article 40.3 or Article 43 and walk away from that simple assertion.

THE COURTS DECIDE

Wicklow Court House

Typical Court House Interior of its day

As I said, the implications are far-reaching. This is a matter which has already been tested in the courts. For example, it was decided by Mr. Justice Kenny in the case of the Central Dublin Development Association and Others against the Attorney General in 1969 where the plaintiffs had challenged the constitutionality of a substantial part of the 1963 Planning Act including part 3 which dealt with development plans, part 4 which dealt with development and attention of certain structures and part 6 which dealt specifically with the issue of compensation. In reaching his decision Mr. Justice Kenny followed that of the Supreme Court in Foley versus the Irish Land Commission, 1952, Irish reports, page 118 where the court held, at page 153: The argument put to this Court on behalf of the Appellant when reduced to its logical conclusion, seems to involve the proposition that any limitation placed by the Oireachtas on private property, which may result in the loss of that property by the owner is repugnant to the Constitution, and, accordingly, void. If this argument be sound, the Constitution has certainly placed serious fetters upon the legislature in dealing with property rights and the court is not prepared to accept such a far-reaching proposition. Mr. Justice Kenny goes on later as follows: If any of the rights which together constitute our conception of ownership are abolished or restricted (as distinct from the abolition of all the rights) the absence of compensation for this restriction or abolition will make the Act which does this invalid if it is an unjust attack on the property rights. It was accepted by the plaintiffs in the Central Dublin Development Association case that planning and control of buildings or land was required in the interests of the common good. What the plaintiffs attacked was the constitutionality of the section giving power to make development plans on the ground that such plans would result in a reduction of the value of some property. Mr. Justice Kenny stated: I do not think that the giving of power to a Planning Authority to make a development plan after they have considered and heard objections to the draft is an unjust attack on property rights. Place that parallel with the appropriate section in the Labour Bill. Mr. Justice Kenny continues: A plan of development for each City and town is necessary for the common good, someone must prepare it, and the Planning authority who have staff trained in this work seem to me to be the best persons to do it… The making of a plan will necessarily decrease the value of some property but I do not think that the Constitution requires that compensation should be paid for this as it is not an unjust attack on property rights. That was Mr. Justice Kenny’s interpretation of what constitutes the common good, of what constitutes an unjust attack and justifying, if you like, the full requirements of planning law. At page 90 of the report he said: Town and Regional Planning is an attempt to reconcile the exercise of property rights with the demands of the common good and Part 4 defends and vindicates as far as practicable the rights of the citizens and is not an unjust attack on the property rights. In relation to Part 6, which dealt with compensation, he said: The restriction and limitation on the amount of compensation payable under Part 6 is not what the Plaintiffs described in their Statement of Claim as an arbitrary confiscation or partial confiscation of property in a manner which is contrary to the principles of social justice… It is not in any sense a confiscation of the rights, it is a provision that interference with one of the rights of the property is not to be the subject matter of compensation and it is not a breach of the Constitution. That case law is there and those opinions are there. It seems an extraordinary view of the Attorney General’s office to be advising a senior Minister such as the Minister for the Environment in the way in which it has been reported to the House. It has implications of a more conservative kind that go far beyond the question of Coollattin Woods or the trees and woodlands, because it spills over into the whole area of amenities and compensation. To run away from the whole issue of compensation by seeming to accept it and establishing a working party which would deal with the nuts and bolts of the establishment of levels of compensation is to fire away the principle before one even has begun to test it. The appropriate way for the legislature and for Government is to frame the law with prudence and care, as speakers have said; that having been done, to make the assumption of constitutionality and let others test it before the courts. I doubt if they would enjoy such a welcome as the Attorney General’s Office seem to anticipate before the courts. That is a very important point. I have dwelt on it at some length because I listened to contributions this evening and they seemed to come back again and again to the suggestion that the Labour Bill is flawed on the grounds of constitutionality. I reject that. The onus is on those who suggest that it is unconstitutional to point specifically to where the Articles they refer to the Constitution are offended.

A RAP ON THE KNUCKLES FOR THE BRIDGEFARM COMPANY LIMITED

I want to say a few words about the justification of the approach taken in the Labour Bill. In a curious way, what we are dealing with — and the reason for this discussion before the House — has been the appalling developments that have been presided over by the owners of these woods, Bridgefarm Company Limited. I am reminded by a previous speaker that the destruction of the woods preceded the existence of this company and that we should be talking about the activities of the individuals who bought the lands in question almost immediately from the time of their purchase which gives a date of 1978. One has the specific actions of Bridgefarm from their formation in the early eighties to the present time. I am not interested in quibbling about that. I welcome the temporary measures that have been taken to preserve what is left. I am very grateful, like the previous speaker, to the different interested groups, particularly those in the local action committee to save the woods and also the botanists of Trinity College and others who wrote to people like myself a while ago and from whom I was grateful to receive information. There are a number of things provoked by this discussion. One follows on logically from the opening point which I took concerning the Constitution. I doubt if even the most conservative framers of the Constitution in 1937 would have wanted it to be interpreted as conferring a licence to do what has taken place in Coollattin and the adjacent woods. Did they, I wonder, ever think that there would exist some people to whom the rights of commercial exploitation would be so predominant that they would destroy the heritage of several generations that had gone before them and would remove the value of the woods from several generations that were to follow? Unfortunately, the kind of society in which we live and its conservatism and the notion of expropriation of an unqualified kind is one that has produced this kind of mind. Thus it appears that not only was the despoliation of the woods taking place but the material was for the most part being exported, depriving people who live in the vicinity of any opportunity of developing such crafts as are possible from the use and availability of high-class materials and so forth. The fact that we have had this discussion here reflects something that is positive in a time in which matters are often construed very negatively. It shows that there is now far greater ecological awareness and responsibility, particularly among young people than there was previously. Indeed, the great advantage of all the groups who broke silence on the question of what is taking place in the woods is their great achievement of drawing the attention of so many people and the media to the proper appreciation of our ecological responsibility in relation to woodlands. There is a point made in Deputy Roche’s contribution in which I am very interested. Again it is a problem that arises in relation to the reform of other legislation. Indeed I would support that. It is that the concept of proper silvaculture should be addressed from amendment of the basic forestry legislation. While the details of what took place were revealed before the House, it became very clear that one had not only assertion and counter assertion but that when one stripped away the rhetoric one found that the basic principles of forest management had not been applied at all, that the notion of replanting was barely kept. In addition, what was replanted was nothing of the nature that would restore the wood over a period of generations to its previous character. There was the pathetic offering of excuses and so forth. One of the more valuable contributions I received through the post was that from the botanists of Trinity College who took the trouble of writing to me and to whom I am very grateful and who replied point by point to the present owners and operators. They said that much of the state of the wood such as, for example, the parts imperilled by bad waterlogging and so forth are, in fact, directly the result of poor management by the present operators and owners, those who previously enjoyed licences to fell oaks and so forth. They also point out the serious defects in the replanting, as I mentioned. They point out the high mortality of what has been replanted and the inadequacy of the so-called radial circular development which would have exposed to even further danger a greater portion of the oaks themselves. They point out that the oak forest is valuable not only because of its age but because it is sheltering a range of flora and fauna which is terribly important and that as the oaks are interfered with so also is there a huge ingress on those matters of enormous ecological value. The botanists gave us indisputable testimony as to the fact that Tomnafinnogue Wood constituted a unique site in terms of the concentration of a large number of oaks of very considerable age. In relation to the new atmosphere in which licenses are given and monitored, to what extent are ground rules laid down which can be monitored easily, effectively and with some enthusiasm by the Departments involved in granting those licences, so that the principles of proper silvaculture can be met? We were given an immediate problem to which we had to respond. I remember the reply of the Taoiseach when he was questioned in the House by me, among others, in relation to what was taking place at Coollattin woods. The Taoiseach’s strategy as a pragmatist was to try to achieve something immediately. What was possible within some of the Acts by way of refuting the felling licences has been done by the Minister of State. I welcome that but it would want to go beyond the temporary nature of that. One would want to think in terms of further obstructive measures. That is one road down which one can go. There is the road of developing obstructions to stop the immediate despoiler of one of Ireland’s oldest and most unique forests from doing what he is doing, that is damaging something which will not only affect us and our generation but which will affect the future. The second strategy would be to look at the defects in the law which made possible what we have just described this week and last week. The Labour Party have chosen the second road, to look at the whole question of the Local Government Planning and Development Act, 1963 and particularly at the interpretation of the compensation clauses that have flowed from that. We have sought to develop within the concept of amenity, certain trees and woodlands definitions which would remove the compensation requirement where an order had been made and where An Bord Pleanála had decided that the area was one of amenity and where the process had worked itself out.

The argument that that constitutes an infringement of the rights of the individual, or that it is an unjust attack on property is very hard to sustain. Indeed, all the statements made in this House develop the notion of the common good and the idea that there is an element of property that precedes us and certainly will succeed us, that it transcends private usage, that there is a concept of social usage involved and so on. The speakers here are making a case for the second approach which is to amend the law and remove the compensation requirement. With the removal of the compensation requirement one could reconstruct what would have been possible had such legislation been in place. It would have immediately unfettered the hands of the local authority who would have been freer to move in a far more aggressive way. There is no doubt in the history of this sorry affair that many people who are well intentioned wanted to act but felt that, because of the possibility of compensation, they should not do so. This acted as a constraint on them. Not only for this case, but for every other case, there is an enormous value in taking the second role of legislation. It is for that reason that I justify the approach taken by the Labour Party in developing a general rather than specific response. If I was outside taking note of the discussion just taking place and had to take measures directed against a transgressor, I would feed into a legal system the possibility that actions were directed against a specific individual and would come close to the wind in their suggestion as to what might be an unjust infringement of an individual’s activities. There is considerable merit in avoiding that risk in all of what we are doing and going for a general review of the legislation and the removal of the compensating clause for all trees and woodlands within the general definition of amenity. In relation to the case law that has developed from those sections of the Constitution which are appropriate, we would put ourselves on much firmer ground. I hope, on reconsideration of their position, the Members of the House will see that there is very considerable merit for going for an amendment of a defect in the law that would apply in every case, the onus being on the potential despoilers to test the matter in the Supreme Court, but if one were to fall victim to an excessive conservative caution that would roll over into all aspects of legislation and would be highly regretted. I would ask the Members of the House to carefully consider these points before they decide whether they can support this Bill. I hope they will support the Bill. Deputy Joe Jacobs contribution Coollattin Woods are only 20 miles from my home and are well known to me. Their proximity heightens my regret and sense of hurt at what has been allowed to happen there. I would thank anyone, including the former Minister, Deputy Kavanagh, for his attempts, albeit unsuccessful attempts, to prevent what is happening at Coollattin Woods. The preservation of these woods is not just a local issue. It has national implications and what has happened is a national scandal. A national treasure has been allowed to be raped and plundered for financial gain. The cry “Save Coollattin Woods” has been reverberating throughout Ireland. It is too late to save Coollattin Woods but is not too late to save for the benefit of future generations that which remains of the glorious oaks in the area of Tomnafinnogue Woods. If we failed in this rescue we would deserve the odium of future generations who would be deprived in this respect. On 26 March 1987 a detailed planning application was submitted to Wicklow County Council by Bridgefarm Company Limited, the current owners of Coollattin Woods. This application was for the selective felling of specified trees at Tomnafinnogue, Ballyraheen, Ballykelly and Coollattin Park Townland, Shillelagh, County Wicklow. This application refers to trees covered by tree preservation order, reference No. 32/82/78 (a). The intention in respect of the application was to complete the devastation by removing the last of the Coollattin Woods. What has been done at Coollattin is claimed to have been within the law and to a great extent that is true, simply because there are deficiencies in the relevant law. In accordance with the provisions of section 45 of the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1963 the local authority in the event of planning permission being refused would become liable for compensation. That is precisely the big stick that can be and has been waved, and the size of the big stick in relation to the Tomnafinnogue Wood application is £900,000 plus at this time. Clearly no local authority or any other authority can live with that. While we have laws through which the proverbial coach and four can be driven, this kind of situation will be with us. As a Wicklow man and an Irishman, for me the first ray of hope of the survival of the remaining oaks at Coollattin emerged a couple of months ago when the Taoiseach, Deputy Haughey, indicated his deep interest in the matter by visiting Coollattin personally. His visit with its obvious implications was a great comfort and a great boost to those people in Wicklow and throughout the country who are interested in preserving our natural amenities and treasures and the Coollattin oaks in particular. As a Wicklow public representative, I welcome the initiative taken by the Taoiseach in this matter and the resulting action taken by various Ministers in his Cabinet. In particular, I welcome the action taken by the Minister of State, Deputy Smith, in the last few days. In the context of the action taken it is interesting to review what precisely has happened in Coollattin to date in relation to felling and to compare that history with the most recently proposed plan to fell Tomnafinnogue Wood. Upwards of 80 per cent of the oaks at Coollattin have been felled to date. This felling was allowed to proceed under certain conditions pertaining to replanting. There is little evidence of the promised replanting having taken place and any effort in that regard has been half-hearted. Therefore, there is no reason on God’s earth for any credence to be given to the possibility of any goodwill in the most recent felling proposals. Here again replanting is promised. Bands of trees left to preserve the aspect were promised. “Once bitten, twice shy” must be the approach at this stage. Again I compliment the Minister on the stand he has taken in the matter. Future generations will bless him for it. I hope and expect that the tale of Coollattin Woods will be a lesson to all of us and that henceforth we will see greater care, vigilance and attention given to the natural treasures God has given us and that in our collective wisdom we will very soon have laws capable of protecting those treasures. Miss Quill: Go raibh maith agat. Since I have only five minutes and I had geared myself to not speaking at all and since much of what I had planned to say has been said already by Deputy Higgins, I will be very brief. I compliment the Minister for the action he has taken in relation to Coollattin and I hope that it will bear fruit and that he will succeed in arresting any further destruction of those woods that we should all seek to preserve and pass on to the next generation. My party and I support fully the substance and spirit of this Bill before the House this evening because we think that it is essentially good in itself in what it aims to do. We see it as having a much wider application than just to Coollattin Woods, important as the preservation of those woods might be. Though the Bill derived directly from Coollattin, we recognise that if its provisions are adopted and its aims and objectives are met, other woodland areas of high amenity value, like Fota Island in County Cork, will be protected. Fota Island is a famous wooded island of great natural beauty with woods dating back 200 years which now stand to be partially destroyed because of proposed commercial development. Basically this Bill deals with two areas, the first being compensation. That has been discussed at great length in the House tonight so in the few minutes left to me I will talk about the other area of the Bill as I see it. In existing legislation I detect a failure to describe definitively what is meant by “woodland”. As I understand existing legislation it is possible for a local authority to put a tree preservation order on a single tree or on a small cluster of trees but they cannot so do in an area that is described as a wood land. Section 45 of the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1963, refers to “trees … comprised in woodlands”. If permission to fell is not granted in such an area, compensation must be paid under existing legislation even if the trees are of very high amenity value and are so known and described. If they are set out in an area described as “woodland” and if a preservation order is put on them or a felling order is refused, compensation must be paid. That is the flaw in existing legislation.

We must bring areas that are comprised of woodland directly under the provisions of the 1963 Act, but first we must define what we mean exactly by the kind of woodland to which this should apply and we must make a clear distinction between forestry developed for commercial or agricultural purposes and trees planted merely for ornamental purposes on the one hand and trees that have a very high amenity value, heritage value or great historic value on the other hand. Having made that distinction we must bring trees set out in woodlands and of high amenity value under the protection of the existing Planning Acts. If we succeed in doing that we will have gone half way to meeting the aims and spirit of this Bill. Unless we succeed in doing that, then compensation will continue to be able to be claimed. I agree entirely with what has been said by Deputy M. Higgins and his interpretation of the Constitution. The Government’s interpretation of the Constitution in relation to this Bill frightens me; they have taken the narrowest possible

interpretation. When I have more time I will read the relevant Article of the Constitution, as I think it ought to be interpreted for the common good. In defining the common good we cannot exclude any part of our heritage. Dáil Éireann 373 Private Members’ Business. Local Government (Planning and Development) (Trees and Woodlands) Bill, 1987: Second Stage (Resumed)

WICKLOW WOODS ARE SAVED

THE OAK WOODS OPENED IN CARNEW

A Walk in Tomnafinogue Woods

A wooded area near Carnew, which has now been officially opened to the public, was once the subject of a campaign for their protection. Tomnafinnoge Woods represent the last remaining native oakland in the county and it was threatened with felling after the subdivision of the Coollattin Estate in the mid-1970s.

The Coollattin Woods Action Group finally ensured that the oakland was preserved and restoration work was begun in 1999. This included a new visitor car park, the installation of boardwalks, a new footbridge and the installation of three looped walks. With the clearing of the old railway embankment there is also now a walk linking Tinahely to the woods walks. “At a very early stage, following a request from myself and the late Paudge Brennan TD, the Group recruited a powerful ally in the form of the former Taoiseach Charles J. Haughey.

Mr. Haughey instructed the relevant Government Department to ensure that the wanton destruction of Coollattin Wood ceased,” said Minister Roche. “This intervention from Mr. Haughey and the passionate campaigning of the enthusiasts, made sure that the protection of the woods became a priority. Without the Coollattin Woods Action Group coming together, standing their ground and enlisting the support of the local authority and community, these woods would no longer be here and I highly commend their efforts to save this wonderful amenity,” added Minister Roche. Wicklow County Council bought the site in 1994, with the assistance of generous funding provided by the action groups. The National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government took custody of the site in 1998, commenced restoration work the following year and still manages and seeks to improve these woods today.

Forestry Roads to be found in County Wicklow

Restoration works include a new visitor car park and new public access at the northern side of the wood, the installation of boardwalks across the wetland to the river and a new footbridge which links the new car park to the wood, rhododendron removal and various link paths. There are now three looped walks ranging in duration from fifteen to thirty minutes each.

Modern Forestry production, a stand of mature trees ready for felling

The Eastern Region Fisheries Board, also funded and carried out bank protection works and installed a vortex weir. Subsequently, the Tinahely Development Group approached the Department to assist with the development of the old railway that runs through the wood and on to Tinahely. The old railway embankment was cleared to make it suitable for walkers. This has now been completed and a very pleasant walk now exists linking Tinahely to the Tomnafinnogue Wood walks.

A walkway through the woods

Minister Roche said, “It has taken great effort and patience to bring these restoration works to fruition. Tomnafinnogue Wood is a hugely valuable amenity. It is widely used by walkers from all over the Wicklow and Wexford area. Local primary schools visit on field trips and nature trails. Teagasc bring groups of farmers on training courses. We look forward to welcoming many visitors from Ireland and abroad to this wood for the summer of 2007, and for many years to come, thanks to the hard work of all involved.”

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Throughout the century, industrial development was encouraged by the estate, but in the towns and in the houses of tenants, as an integral part of the general improvement of the estate, together with agricultural, planting and building improvements. This is evident especially in Hume’s observations in 1730 on Carnew and Tinahely, and on the estate in general. However, the difficulties of transport in this area, and distance from a large town, made such development difficult. By the end of the century, industry within the area was confined to a few small factories in the towns, several corn mills and a small woollen and linen industry, located mainly in tenant’s houses and cabins. The most successful industry in the first half of the century was one from which the estate did not benefit. This was from the iron industry, founded and operated by the Chamney family in the third quarter of the seventh century, which initially, it seems, received some encouragement from the estate, but which was closed down around 1760 largely as a result of estate action.

LINEN AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE

Hume in 1730 placed much hope in the development of the linen industry as a ‘true method to employ the rich and poor upon my Lord’s estate’. He wrote: I have weighed and considered the vast advantage it will be to Lord Malton and his posterity to introduce the linen manufactory into his Lordships estate, as may very plainly appear by the vast number of inhabitants who live upon each farm who of present have no manner of employment. Hume recommended that each head-tenant should sow three bushells of hemp or flax seed in a year for every hundred acres leased by him, and every subtenant should sow one bushel a year. In addition, he recommended that head-tenants should manufacture in one year four score yards of four dozen yarn out of the pound(worth1s.6d a yard), while subtenants should manufacture thirty yards of three dozen yarn (worth 1s.0d a yard). Hume also proposed that a penalty of one shilling be imposed on every tenant for each yard of cloth he failed to produce, and that tenants should be obliged to make oath before the agent that the linen produced was manufactured upon that farm. Hume’s enthusiasm for the industry was, no doubt, in keeping with the general mood in Ireland at this time, following a success of the linen trade in Ulster. The English government’s support for the linen industry in Ireland (and discouragement of the woollen industry, which would have competed with that industry in England) was manifested in the early eighteenth century when Irish exports of hemp, flax, yarn and linen cloth were allowed into England duty-free. With the help of such measures, and the experience of skilled foreign settlers, the industry flourished in east Ulster, and to a lesser degree in parts of south-eastern Ireland. Louis Cromellin, who had successfully established a linen-weaving colony in Lisburn in 1698, extended operations to Waterford in 1717. Around this time also a small industry flourished in Kilkenny. Other estates at this time were also influential in developing both linen and woollen manufacture on their estates: linen was introduced into several estates in Co Mayo at this time and on the O’Callaghan estate in Tipperary, artificers in a woollen industry were encouraged to settle in Clogheen (Co Tipperary) in the mid-eighteenth century. The linen industry was regarded by many observers at this time as the one most ideally suited to Ireland, despite the traditional dominance of woollen manufacture. Hume himself considered it the only branch off trade that is in this kingdom for employing the poor and bringing great sums of money into this part of the kingdom. The industry would be of special value, he believed, as it would employ many of the idle females on the estate: It is plain to any person of thought my Lord is projecting for the advantage of his tenants who are not able to find out ways and means to employ their idle wives and daughters… I have observed in this country that he who had the most daughters was the poorest man. But now I can say that he who has the most daughters is the richest man once they come to be skilled in the linen trade’. Hume also proposed that a penalty of one shilling be imposed on every tenant for each yard of cloth he failed to produce, and that tenants should be obliged to make oath before the agent that the linen produced was manufactured upon that farm. Hume’s enthusiasm for the industry was, no doubt, in keeping with the general mood in Ireland at this time, following the success of the linen trade in Ulster. The English government’s support for the linen industry in Ireland (and discouragement of the woollen industry, which would have competed with that industry in England7) was manifested in the early eighteenth century when Irish exports of hemp, flax, yarn and linen cloth were allowed into England duty—free. With the help of such measures, and the experience of skilled foreign settlers, the industry flourished in east Ulster, and to a lesser degree in parts of south—eastern Ireland.

Louis Cromellin, who had successfully established a linen—weaving colony in Lisburn in 1698, extended operations to Waterford in 1717. Around this time also a small industry flourished in Kilkenny. Other estates at this time were also influential in developing both linen and woollen manufacture on their estates; linen was introduced into several estates in County Mayo at this time and on the O’Callaghan estate in Tipperary, artificers in the woollen industry were encouraged to settle at Clogheen in the mid— eighteenth century. The linen industry was regarded by many observers at this time as the one most ideally suited to Ireland, despite the traditional dominance of woollen manufacture, flume himself considered it the only branch off trade that is in this kingdom for employing the poor and bringing great sums of money into this part of the kingdom. The industry would be of special value, he believed, as it would employ many of the idle females on the estate: It is plain to any person of thought my Lord is projecting for the advantage of his tenants who are not able to find out ways and means to employ their idle wives and daughters, I had observed in the country that he that had the most daughters was the poorest man. But now I can say that he who has the most daughters is the richest man once they come to be skilled in the linen trade. Hume (who was originally from Ulster) was confident that the industry would develop on a scale similar to that in Ulster, and that the prosperity of the estate would be greatly enhanced: I do not in the least doubt that many of the 1ndustrious tenants will make two or three hundred yards of linen in the year instead of eighty once they come to know the real value of the profit as any one spinner in the North will make one hundred yards of three dozen yarn in the year their rents by this method will become a pleasure instead of a burden. He estimated the total value of the industry to be worth over £2,500 per annum. Even while writing so optimistically, Hume realised the unpopularity of the industry among tenants of all kinds on the estate; but now I find by proposing it will never take, there being so vast a number of people linked in affinity and consanguinity to each other who unanimously join in one body against it, they foreseeing if once it comes to bear it will raise the rents, and bring my Lord to a perfect knowledge of the real value of his estate. The estate management’s imposing the task of linen manufacture upon unwilling tenants seems to have quickly proved too great. The clauses requiring head-tenants to manufacture eighty yards of cloth in a year appear only in leases drawn up between 1730 and 1736. The proposed system of fines for not manufacturing the required amount of cloth must have been impossible to implement, applying as it did (in 1730) to ninety—five head-tenants and over eleven hundred subtenants. Estate encouragement of the industry continued throughout the period, however, with the setting up of a school at Ballinglen, through estate funds, to educate children in sp1nnin, the building of a bleach yard at Malton in the mid—1770s, and the delivery of fifty—eight flax wheels to Malton between 1753 and 1797, donated by the Linen Board to several of the poorer sort of tenants. There is no reference in the demesne account books however, to any linen manufactured at Malton being sold at fairs and linen for the personal use of the Marquis was always purchased outside the estate, usually in Dublin. Hume mentions a possible reason for the unpopularity of the industry in that the increased prosperity of the tenants would have the effect of raising rents. More importantly, perhaps, as the preference which the tenants had for woollen manufacture, Fraser wrote in 1801: it is in this very interesting to remark, that although at that period Mr. Humne evidently preferred the introduction of the linen manufacture, and took very effectual measures for that purpose, yet, although the tenants still make a sufficient quantity of linen For domestic purposes, the woollen manufacture soon attained and continued to keep the ascendancy. Spinning and weaving of rough woollen cloth on a small scale was a traditional occupation of subtenants in Counties Wicklow and Wexford before 1730, and it continued throughout this period. Manufacture of flannels and frieze, according to Fraser, until the late disturbances, was very considerable in this part of the country. If this was so, it was very much a cottage—based industry; only two buildings in relation to the industry were let to tenants, as recorded in the estate records — a tuckmill (a water—driven mill for finishing woollen cloth) was built at Tinahely between 1730 and 1748, and another at Cronelea was described in the 1758 accounts as entirely waste and untenanted, Even so, the woollen industry seems to have remained of greater importance to local tenants than linen, which was more favoured by the estate.

CORNMILLS

Old Corn Mill Building

Several good sites for corn mills throughout the estate were utilised in the first quarter of the century. Moland, in his valuation, lists nine of such mills. The mills in 1728 are shown as one—storey buildings, but the surviving examples of early nineteenth—century mills are large three—storey buildings with the capacity for both grinding and storing. Each mill included a drying kiln (at Killabeg the one kiln served two mills), where the grain was dried before grinding. Information from a local resident today suggests that coal was brought from the Kilkenny coalfield by horse and cart as fuel for these kilns. Mills were also associated with a mill race (at Killabeg this was several hundred yards long), mill pool and dam, to provide a head of water to drive the large wooden wheels, Nevill, in the last decade of the century, shows twelve mills, concentrated mainly in the southern half of the estate. The estate, unlike others in Ireland at this time, exercised no control over where tenants should grind their corn. Written into the leases of tenants on the estate of Lord Welles at Dungarnnon, County Tyrone, in the late eighteenth century, was a clause requiring grain to be ground at the landlord’s mills, where tenants paid a toll, or moulter. A penalty of ten shillings a barrel was imposed for grain ground elsewhere. On this estate, tolls were presumably paid to the tenant of the mill.

MINING

Old Copper Mine

Throughout the period, many attempts were made by the estate to establish mines within the area. These were almost totally unsuccessful. In ‘1750 a Cornishman named Butler was sent from England to make a trial in search of copper at Askekeagh, about three miles north of Tinahely. The landlord at the time was confident that he would make a significant find:

Mining Tools of the 1800s

‘Mr. Butler shall have a lease for one and thirty years as desired in his proposals, paying me a tenth clear of all deductions as is the custom of Ireland, and making satisfaction to the tenants for damages to their land, to be settled by yourself (the agent) and him’. An earlier reference in the 1748 rentals mentions ‘good quantities of sulphur and copper at nine feet deep’, but there is no subsequent reference to either of these sites producing copper in significant quantities. Between 1752 and 1789 the estate spent over £l87 in trials for mines, at first for copper, and later in the century, as timber for fuel became scarce, for coal. Despite many attempts at several locations throughout the estate, no ore or coal was found. Apart from the practical uses to which copper or coal could be put, mines were also of benefit from an estate point of view (as Hume noted in 1730) in employing males. The policy of locating mines was adopted also for these reasons on other estates, e.g., on the Kenmare estate, a lease drawn up for a miner in 1721 reserved a royalty of’ one thirteenth for the estate, and the tenant was obliged to employ local labour.

IRONWORKS

Old Iron Works

In sharp contrast to this encouragement given to the development of local industry by the estate was the case of the iron industry. The economic importance of this industry, in common with most of Ireland’s charcoal-burning ironworks, was greatest between the late seventeenth and mid-eighteenth centuries, although the mining, smelting and working of iron was a feature of the Shillelagh area over several centuries of recorded history. Kinahan, writing in 1886, referred to small deposits of limonite at Aghowle and Tinahely, and ‘very ancient works and mines’ between Aughrim and Ballinaclash – known locally as ‘clash pits’. Mining of local ores had begun before 1170, the year when two of Strongbow’s knights, Raymond and Shillary, gained control of the native Irish works at Moneyteig and Ballycool, about five miles north-east of Tinahely.

Map of Forges and Furnaces 1600-1800 from Walter McCracken, The Irish woods since Tudor Times

The industry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries relied more heavily on richer English ore or pig iron. In his book published in 1698, the English traveller Andrew Yarranton, referred to earlier in relation to the timber trade, wrote on the possibilities of using native charcoal, and ore from the Forest of Dean, brought up the Slaney: ‘and at the place where such iron is made, there may be an engine set up to go by water, which may draw bars of iron into a round form…; a thing much practiced in Germany’. Yarranton estimated that bars drawn for bolts and rings (for use of the English Navy) could in this way be manufactured for thirteen pounds a ton, half the cost of producing bar iron in the Forest of Dean. Yarranton seemed unaware of the ironworks already established within the estate area, which imported ore or pig iron from England. In a journey through South Wicklow in 1635, William Bereton referred to Calcott Chambers’ ironworks (furnace), a quarter of a mile from Carnew. In 1730, the agent Hume observed ‘there are three forges for making of iron and all pulled down’ on the farm of Cronyhorn and part of the Deerpark, town-lands adjoining Carnew. These may be the same works which, like many Irish ironworks around 1640, were destroyed during the Cromwellian rebellion. Brereton wrote: Herein the sows of iron which are brought from Bristow are melted into iron-bars. They stand in 51. a ton being laid down at the door and are worth in bars £20 (?) a ton. The main development of the industry began after 1668 when an Eng1ighman named Bacon established a forge and furnace in Shillelagh. This industry was later passed on to his son-in-.law, Chalrnondeley, who subsequently changed his name to Chamney. Kinahan states that the Chamneys later controlled fifty—two works: furnaces (where ore was smelted into pig iron), forges (where pig iron was hammered into bar iron), and bloomeries, all relying to some extent on imported Welsh ore – in Counties Wicklow, Wexford and Carlow (at least four within the estate area, according to McCracken. Such a large number of works must have generated a busy route for importing of ore and pig iron, and exporting of manufactured iron goods. Kinahan found traces of an ‘iron trail’ between Shillelagh and Wicklow town, the iron being carried in baskets on horseback. He believed this to be a route of some antiquity, as it passed the sites of the Norman castles of Raymond and Shillary. The site of Raymond’s castle appears on the 1838 Ordnance Survey six—inch map, is approximately two miles north east of Tinahely, in the town land of Killaveny. Remains of another castle further north in the town land of Kiliballyowen, would be conveniently on a Shi1le1agh-Wicklow rout eway. It seems more likely, however, that iron was carried up the Slaney as far as Enniscorthy and, like the timber, brought overland to Shillelagh and the other works in the area (Lancashire ore was still being smelted at Enniscorthy as late as 1785). This imported ore and pig iron was supplemented to some extent by local ore drawn from Chamney’s various mines in the area, at Shillelagh, Ballinaclash and the Vale of Avoca. The scale of production of the industry is difficult to estimate. Two vital raw materials for the industry, water and timber (charcoal), were in abundant supply in the Shillelagh area throughout the seventeenth century, shows the extent to which the sites of ironworks were fixed by their proximity to a large flow of water. Charcoal (which, according to Kinahan, had been exported for use in English ironworks before 164O) sold much more cheaply in Shillelagh than in England, as did Irish wood in general. Cordwood, from which charcoal was made (a cord being a loose bundle of branches about twelve feet long and about four feet in diameter) sold for twelve shillings a cord in England in the late seventeenth century, while John Lee, in his valuation of the estate coppices in 1731, valued it at four shillings a cord. It is possible to get some idea of the extent of iron production knowing the quantity of timber bought by the Chamneys during the middle decades of the eighteenth century. McCracken estimates that it required two and a quarter tons of charcoal (i.e. about twenty bundles or cords) to produce a ton of bar iron. The estate timber accounts give the amount spent by the Chamneys on timber as over £1843 (on coppices within the estate — not necessarily cordwood) between the years 1748 and 1757. A loose correlation between these figures suggests that around forty tons of her iron per annum may have been produced in the Chamney’s ironworks at this time. It is possible that production was greater than this in the late seventeenth century, when timber was more plentiful and the planting and felling of the forest was not as rigorously controlled by the estate.

The iron produced at Shillelagh had a reputation for its high quality. Horse nails from these forges were said to be superior to Swedish nails. The experiment in smelting imported ore and pig ore using native charcoal certainly seems to have been a profitable one. Kinahan estimated that Bacon had earned himself over one million pounds at the time of the Commission for examining timber in Ireland. It is possible to speculate on the effect of the iron industry on population density and settlement within the estate area in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The greatest density of forest, according to the English observer, Peter Brousdon, in 1670 was in these areas bordering County Wexford. This is also the area recorded by Hume in 1730 as having a relatively high population density. McCracken compares ironworks with present—day industrial development in rural areas, and believes they supported large colonies of people, in many cases skilled imigrants. It would seem, therefore that the iron industry was of considerable importance at this time in the southern part of the estate, where timber was most plentiful, and the distance over which ore and pig iron was transported from Enniscorthy was minimised. If such iron—working communities existed in this area, as seems likely, the early estate records make no mention of any controls or restrictions imposed on them, or on the industry in general. It seems that the industry was encouraged in Wentworth’s time as landlord, and as late as 1748 the estate reserved a small section of forest for the use of the industry. The lease of John Chamney, lessee of ‘the forge at Ballard and furnace at Ballinulta’, drawn up in 1748, reads: ‘My Lord covenants that lessee shall and may during the said term (21 years) for the use of the forge and furnace fall any of the 140 large trees now marked in Shillelagh, paying £3 a ton, such trees first being set out to be fallen by the steward or agent for the time being’. In 1748, however, the agent Wentworth referred to a Chancery Bill being drawn up against Chamney, as a result of arrears in relation to payments for timber. The ensuing court case proved a protracted affair, but the result was the closure of the Chamney’s works in 1761. The estate used the opportunity to dismantle the works at Shillelagh. The lease drawn up for the new tenant of Ballard, George Morton, in 1778, contained the clause: ‘Liberty for the Marquis to pull down all or any of the cabins, buildings, outhouses and works belonging to the forge and furnace of Shillelagh, except for the Capital Messuage… offices, etc. as shall be thought necessary by the Marquis to be held herewith and is dispose of the materials thereof’. An entry in the accounts of 1788, records the sale of ‘the old materials at Shillelagh forge’ for over eleven pounds. Estate opposition to the iron industry is difficult to reconcile with its constant optimism for locating new mines within the area, and for industrial development within the estate as a whole. The great quantities of timber used by the industry must provide the most important reason for this opposition. There is no doubt that it required large quantities. In his book on the planting in 1794, Hayes spoke of ‘that bane of all our timber iron forges and furnaces’. The Shillelagh area, however, still had good timber reserves, thanks to estate management, when the industry was closed in 1761. The presence of a large community of iron-workers in the southern town lands of the estate, which the available evidence suggests must have existed, and over which the estate had little control, may also partly explain, therefore, estate resentment of an industry which was at one time very profitable. Taking an overall view of the century, the estate must be said to have failed in its attempt to encourage industry in the area. Even if linen manufacture had proved popular among tenants, it could only be transported with difficulty to a large market, e.g. Carlow or Enniscorthy. Industrial activity may have come about more easily if an estate town had grown up during the period, or if there had been an industrial centre close to the estate which would have attracted industry to this area also. The fact that the area’s most successful activity, the iron industry, was ended through estate influence, shows the estate belief that industrial growth was only worthwhile if it benefitted the greatest number of estate—dwellers and also the concern it felt for the dwindling timber resources.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The major rural landscape changes of the eighteenth century, brought about, in part at least, as a result of estate influence, may be broadly divided into: firstly, the changing agricultural scene, and secondly, the increasing pressure on the remaining woods throughout the period. While the exploitation and conservation of the forests were not as important economically within the area as the state of agriculture, they nevertheless attracted much attention from the estate management. The general trends within Irish agriculture during the eighteenth century are well documented. The poor harvests of the years 1726-28 preceded a dramatic decline in grain prices, which reached ‘extraordinarily low levels’ in the seventeen thirties. Demand for pastoral products remained good however, beef and cattle prices rose slightly during this period. The extension of pastoralism was also favoured by the suspension of the Cattle Acts, imposed in 1660, which restricted the export of pastoral products to Britain; the ban on beef and butter was suspended in 1758 and on cattle in 1756. Foster’s Corn Law of 1784, introducing a heavy duty on imported grain, and export bounties on wheat, barley and oats, encouraged a reversal of this trend. Already the demands of a rising population had brought about an intensification of land use and an increasing area under tillage. The good markets for Irish grain in the expanding English cities and the favourable conditions for exporting after 1784 led to an increase in the area under tillage, but in general this was not at the expense of areas of cattle and sheep rearing. Newham comments at the end of the century: ‘But though the tillage of Ireland appears to have been wonderfully extended by the operations of this Act, its pasture land has not experienced the least diminution; on the contrary, its quantity has been evidently augmented’. Areas of poor soil, in some cases areas of common mountain grazing, were ploughed and cultivated to an increasingly greater extent.

CHANGING ATTITUDES TO AGRICULTURE

Changing attitudes to agriculture, and indeed to every aspect of the local economy, are best represented in the lease, the instrument whereby the estate wielded its greatest influence. The most common type of lease on this estate, held for one life or twenty-one years, was short in comparison with leases held in other estates in Ireland at this time, and even on other estates within county Wicklow. The shortness of the leases, however, did not imply that a tenant was insecure in his holding. Throughout the estate, a tenant could feel quite certain (provided that he adhered to the covenants of the lease), that his stake in the holding would be renewed: the ‘tenant right’ to the holding. Although the tenant had no legal claim to renewal of the landlord’s property, there existed ‘goodwill’ between landlord and tenant over claims to the holding, similar to his family also. In 1799, following the death in the Rebellion of Joseph Chamney, the tenant of part of Ballyraghine, with no immediate successor to the holding, the first claimant is recorded by the agent as the ‘lessee’s brother Thomas Chamney, who is entitled to the interest in the leases.’

A farming plough from the 1800s

An old pre 1800 threshing machine

Old Lady’s Bicycle Old ButterChurn

Irish Farm Houses

A typical farm scene with a dispute over damage being done to a corn field by his next door neighbour’s cow. Hence the importance of putting up fences and ditches to protect both crops and stock. The important economic consequences of this right were observed by Fraser in 1801: ‘On the whole of my Lord Fitzwilliam’s property, what is called in England, tenant’s right, is universally respected; when a lease is expired, a third person seldom interferes. The former occupier, or his heir at law, and even his devisee, is supposed to have a tenant right to the premises… It is, by the tenant’s having the fullest confidence in the continued adherence to this custom, that on leases of one life, or twenty-one years, more spirited improvements are made to the estate, notwithstanding its disadvantages of soil, and distance from manure, that on any other estate of non-residents in this country, or perhaps on any estates of non-residents in any part of Ireland’.

Paying the Rent

LEASES

With the majority of leases on the estate being renewed once every twenty-one years (29% of the leases were held over twenty-one years after they were drawn up, as recorded in the 1778 rentals), the current estate view of agricultural improvement could fairly rapidly be incorporated within the covenants of the lease. Due to the clerical problems involved in renewing a lease, however, expiration dates tended to be spread out over the widest possible period. In this way also, the estate was assured of a regular increase in income by raising rent, and also by the advancements made by each tenant on renewal of a lease; in most cases, a year’s rent. By the end of the century the short lease was generally recognised to be of more value in implementing improvements. The covenants contained in the lease relating to agriculture, for any period of the century, show a great similarity throughout the estate, regardless of the size or valuation of the farm. For this reason, a smaller area, referred to in the rentals of ‘Shelelagh’ (i. e., the Half Barony of Shillelagh except for the town-lands of Carnew, Coolroe and Coolfancy, whose total rental was calculated separately), may be chosen as representative, to study the changing nature of the covenants and restrictive clauses, as laid out in the rentals. Direct estate encouragement of enclosure is seen in two leases drawn up before 1730, where the tenants covenant to enclose two acres within the terms of the leases. After 1730, this clause is dropped and a clause restricting the total area of ploughed land permitted on each farm is introduced. From the 1748 and 1778 rentals, the restriction thus imposed is consistently around 10% of the area of the farm, as seen in the table below. Maximum area of plough-land permitted on each farm, Shelelagh area 1725-67 Period No of leases renewed Total Area (acres)

Total area of Plough-land permitted by Leases (acres) %

1725-35 26 11215 1179 10.5

1736-46 27 13862 1135 9.6

1752-67 27 10879 1061 9.75

(all acreages according to Moland’s survey, 1728)

Coinciding with the general increase in the area under tillage throughout the country in the last quarter of the century, the specific restrictions on arable cultivation within the estate was replaced from around 1770 by a vaguer clause prohibiting the cultivation of ‘the meadow ground’. The tenant presumably knew what was meant by this, as Moland only once distinguishes between meadow and non-meadow land. From the mid-1750s, twenty-five barrels of lime were required to be spread on every acre of ploughed land. Such clauses were enforced (in theory at least) by fines and penalties for non-fulfilment of covenants. These were not as severe as the fines in relation to building and planting, and they appear only sporadically in the rentals, e.g., a lease drawn up in 1765 contains the clause ‘to forfeit £5 for every acre of meadow ploughed’. One covenant in relation to agriculture was particularly difficult to implement. However: that in relation to lime-spreading- ‘In this part of the country the cultivation of their land depends on the use of lime, which they bring from Carlow, at the distance of nineteen and twenty-one miles, at which place they pay 2s 8d per barrel, from which, therefore, it requires a large capital to cultivate to any extent.’ Despite these difficulties, lime spreading was carried out on the farms of improving tenants, at least. The accounts of the estate demesne farm (known as Todd’s Holding before 1751, and Malton demesne after this date) make frequent references to money spent on lime in Carlow, from the early 1780s onwards. The accounts also details the expenses involved in transporting a lime burner from Carlow to Malton in 1783. Fraser refers to Captain Swan, tenant of Tombrean, who, by ‘liming with great spirit, his crops are excellent’. George Sherwood, tenant of Tomacork, in an application for renewal of his lease in 1789, attempts to impress the agent by describing the improvements he has made in this way: ‘when’ this considered the distance I was obliged to draw the lime I laid thereon I believed it will be considerable (and according to my property) a very alarming expense I went to with pleasure supported by the expectation that I would so improve the lands as to make them during the remainder of the lease reimburse me.’

Land Valuations per acre on town lands basis, Shillelagh Barony 1728

Such letters, and the agent’s comments on them, together with the transactions recorded in the account books, and the travellers’ observations, provide a reasonable picture of the actual condition of agriculture on the estate for the period in question. An earl account is given by Brereton in 1635 of the state of farming on the demesne or deer park adjoining Calcott Chambers’ castle at Carnew: ‘Here is now Mr. Odell, who doth commend and magnify beyond all measure the park belonging to this house, which is about seven miles in compass and wherein are both fallow and red deer, of good store. Here is good butter and cheese made, and they say fair English cattle are here bred, though the ground seem but barren and poor, and Moorish hereabouts.’ These early improvements, in the breeding of English cattle, for example, are certainly exceptional within the estate as a whole from the evidence of Moland’s 1728 survey and valuation, but the emphasis on pastoral activity is typical. Moland’s valuation for each farm in 1728 is related not only to the natural fertility of the soil, but also to the amount of investment made by individual tenants in their farm. The level of improvement varied with tenants’ investments throughout the century, but more especially before the arrival of the first professional agent, Hugh Wentworth, from England in 1748, when monitoring of tenants’ improvements became more organised. Fortunately, the valuation accompanying Moland’s survey, and the agent Hume’s observations of 1730, make special note of individual tenants’ improvements. The farms of improving tenants, e.g., Coolroe and Cronyhorn, are easily picked out as having an exceptionally high valuation. Among the highly valued and fertile farms of the west of the barony, the farm at Knocklow, ‘the garden of Shillely’, the site of Sir Henry Harrington’s castle in Elizabethan times, is highest of all.

Large variations in the quality of agricultural land are also evident within farms. Almost every farm on the estate had some area of coarse pasture or bog of low valuation, the total area of which amounted to over 20% of the total acreage of the estate. Land under two shillings valuation is described as coarse arable pasture, or bog (a distinction being drawn between red or turf bog and pasturable bog. Land over this valuation is described as pasture, arable and pasture or arable, meadow and pasture. In only one case, on Ballyconnell, does Moland specify meadow ground, with a valuation of eight shillings per acre. The number of land-holding units rose consistently throughout the century, from 126 in 1728 to 221 in 1778 and 313 in 1797, the average size of the head-tenant’s farm, therefore, declined from 545 acres in 1728 to 220 acres in 1797, although there was a wide variation in size.The size of sub-tenants’ holdings is difficult to estimate. Of ninety-two farms (a farm perhaps including two or more units not adjoining but having the same immediate lessee) on the estate in 1730, over a third (35%) of these had no occupant head-tenant. If the entire area of such a holding was farmed by subtenants only, the average size of the subtenants’ farms would be approximately fifty acres (a total of 9939 acres among 205 subtenants), which is probably higher than on farms of resident head-tenants. Presumably the hierarchy in size of head-tenants’ holdings applied also to subtenants. There is no direct information on subdivision of these farms later in the century (a fine of approximately 10% of the yearly rent was imposed on non-resident tenants after 1770), which must have been necessitated by the growing land shortage common in Ireland as a whole. If the trend in relation to the size of the head-tenants’ holding was repeated, then the average size in 1797 was less than half from 1730, and probably did not exceed twenty-five acres. On the evidence of the 1728 map and valuations, the farms of individual tenants appear to be well-enclosed, and Hume’s description of these in 1730 (in relation to coppicing) gives us a good idea of what they looked like. Moland refers to several of these enclosures in his valuation e.g., Tomnephinoge ‘a well enclosed, sheltered farm’, and as the map depicts the farm division on these holdings no differently from farms where there is no specific mention of enclosures, it may reasonably be assumed that the out bounds of each holding were enclosed in some way. In addition to quicksets and hedges, planting of trees at intervals as field divisions was common on well-improved farms, e.g., on Umrigarr ‘in closures with trees planted in ditches’. The extent of enclosure within the farms is more difficult to estimate. The Parliamentary Act pf 1721 relating to enclosure is ‘an Act to oblige proprietors and tenants of neighbouring lands to make fences between their several lands and holdings’. The area recommended for enclosure within farms by the estate appears small; the clause in the two pre-1730 leases regarding enclosure of two acres represents less than 1% of the area of the farms concerned. Hume recommends (in relation to enclosure of coppices) one acre in a hundred should be enclosed. The apparent scarcity of enclosures on Moland’s survey may be misleading, however. In several cases , enclosed parks and gardens described in Hume’s observations are not shown on the map, e.g., Ballard appears bare of any enclosures in 1728, yet two years later Hume remarks on ‘the land well enclosed and divided’.

Before the dominance of pastoralism (as reflected in the covenants of the leases) declined in the late 1760s, such enclosure and division is restricted to a small area adjoining the houses of the larger head-tenants. Here, presumably, food was grown for the immediate needs of the head tenant’s household. This demesne farm, therefore, together with the house, orchard and plantation, forms the focus of each tow land for the middle years of the century, and the 1728 survey and valuation is concerned primarily with the level of improvements in this central area. The demesne at Coollattin dates from 1710, when planting, hedging etc., was begun by Captain Nickson, but the division of land specifically for agricultural purposes dates from mid-century. In 1749, the agent Hugh Wentworth, in a letter to William Buck in Yorkshire, whites: ‘John smith will tell you what a great farmer I am turned; and what improvements I have made to Todd’s holding. I have hedged and ditched about 250 perches already this winter.’ The demesne, or Capital Messuage’ (including farm, house, plantations, etc.) at Coollattin was surveyed by Matthew Slater in 1742 and contained 282 acres. The rentals of 1778 refer to eleven tenants (all demesne labours) holding farms at will on part of the demesne, paying a yearly rent between 21s and £49. 7.8. The beginnings of the demesne farm, as seen from the accounts as a commercial venture (i.e., concerned with buying and selling at the market) dates from around 1780. Expenditure on, and income from the farm in relation to the total estate income and expenditure was small. From Michaelmas Day 1792 to Lady Day 1793, just over £100 (0.5% of total expenditure, including remittances) was spent on the farm, while the income derived from the farm was less than 0.5% of total income.

FARM ACCOUNTS

Item for Sale L. s. d. % of Income

Michaelmas Day 1792 – Lady Day 1793 INCOME EXPENSES

From Sale of £ s d % of Total Income

Cattle 34. 1. 10 36.5 Bullocks 24. 3. 0. 25.8 Sheep & Lambs 1. 7. 4. 1.4 Wool 8.17. 9.5 9.5

Hay 19. 6. 6.5 20.6 Oats 1. 1. 0 1.1 Wheat 0. 14. 10 0.8 Seed barley 0. 1. 1. 0.05 Potatoes 3.19. 7 4.25

Total 93. 13. 0 100

Expenses £ s d % of Total Expenses

Buying 4 Cows 13. 9. 10.5 13.4

Buying of Seed Oats 3 10 0 3.5 Clover 4.12. 5.5 4.6

Furze 3. 10. 1 3.5 62 Barrels of Lime 4. 13. 10.5 4.7

Labour Expenses

Harvest 13. 1. 0 13.0 Potatoes 4. 8. 2 4.4 Sheep Shearing 0.25 Unspecified 53. 0. 1 52.7

Total 100.10. 6.5 100

EXPENSES

Expenses in relation to established cultivation are quite a high proportion of the total, yet the main source of income is from cattle and sheep rearing. The remaining importance of cattle and sheep as part of the demesne farm is probably untypical of the estate as a whole. Fraser describes the farm of head-tenants who were ‘making great advances in cultivation, even in the summits of the mountains’. The heavy reliance on lime for fertiliser implies a shortage of natural manure from cattle. While the demesne farm at Coollattin in itself was not of great economic value, the techniques and equipment used there acted as a model for other farms on the estate. Fraser describes the ‘turn wrest plough’, introduced into Wicklow by the second Marquis. The plough was adopted on the farm of Rev. Symes of Ballybeg, who ‘found if of great use in ploughing up tough ley grounds, which had not before been turned over by the plough’. The account books detail the expenses of sending a ‘cart and other husbandry geer’ from England in 1782, and of two ploughs in 1784. In 1787 a premium of £1-1s. an acre was received from the Dublin Society for sowing four acres of turnips. The estate in this way encouraged better agricultural methods by example. By 1801, such methods seem to have filtered through to the more industrious head-tenants, at least: ‘All these gentlemen are in some degree acquainted with modern improvements, and seem only waiting for the complete restoration of quiet, both in introduce the turnip husbandry, experiments in the drill culture, and the improvement of their breed of cattle and sheep.’ Observations on the state of agriculture outside the demesne farm are limited. On the mountainous farm of Towerboy (Ballyguile) in 1730 Hume observed that ‘the Romans are entirely maintained by potatoes’, and more generally, a Roman and his whole family can live upon potatoes and buttermilk the whole year through to make the rent which the Protestant cannot do, for the Protestant must have beef and butter.’ It is impossible to believe that a ‘Roman ‘head-tenant, of which there were several in 1730 (Hume makes special note of their religion in the town-land census), should eat only potatoes and buttermilk, yet it seems that the subtenants on poorer farms relied on potato culture earlier than was generally the case in Ireland.

The agrarian disturbances which were a feature of rural Ireland, especially Tipperary, during the last quarter of the century, so not seem to have seriously affected the estate economy in this area. Isolated incidents are recorded, e.g., the tenant William Sherwood describes the condition of his holding in Tomacork when it was let to him in 1769: ‘I found the house destroyed by a mob and the lands and fences were as much wrecked as possible by the then occupant tenants’. If such incidents were typical of the estate as a whole, they would surely be recorded in the estate records, and it seems this was an exceptional case. There is conflicting evidence of the level of subtenant involvement in the 1798 Rebellion. In recent thesis, Powell considers the economic consequences of government action to have played a significant part in bringing about a rebellion, more especially the increase in malt duties in 1797, and the sudden drop in barley prices on the Dublin market. As barley was the most important grain crop, next to oats, within the estate at this time, this must have caused some economic distress within this area also. Despite the Proclamation under the Insurrection Act of 1797 of sixteen parishes in North Wexford, Powell believes that the area around Boolavogue and Kilcormack in east Wexford, where the Rebellion broke out, was the centre of civil unrest. Despite references in the estate records to the tenants of some farms being ‘all rebels’, Fraser extols the actions of the tenants, members of ‘the loyal and brave yeomanry’, financed by the estate, who helped defeat the rebels.

COOLLATTIN HOME FARM AND UTILITY BUILDINGS

The cluster of structures referred to as the Home Farm and Utility buildings consist of two rectangular courtyards.

The courtyard in the front consists of the steward’s house, office and farm buildings.

From “Making the Grand Figure” by Toby Bernard
Lives & Posessions in Ireland 1641-1770
Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl of Stafford was made Viceroy but in 1641 conspirators aimed to end the oppressive rule associated with him and his sucessors by seizing
Dublin Castle. According to Lord-Lieutenant Essex commented bleakly in 1673 “Dublin Castle become known as one of the most incommodious dwellings that ever I
came in and there is no place of pleasure beloging to it, nor any house to retire tofor a little air upon reason of sickness” 44 Wentworth himself often complained
by never rectified the defects. Dublin at this time was a stinking city hence the move by the upper classes to build substantial homes outside of Dublin City in
particular in North Kildare.
So Wentworth himself eventually decided to build a new hown for him-self and his royal visitors at Jigginstown near Naas County Kildare. This was in the late
1630’s. However by the 1640’s the shell of the building was abandoned, and then cannibalized –among Tenants, in particular were expected to obey the terms of their
leases but to avoid excess. Those who engage in ambitious building, such as the lessees of the Wentworth holdings in South Wicklow and North Wexford, threatened
to blur the distinction between landlord and tenant. At Coolkenna for example, the occupier ‘squire Lorenzo Hodson, tenant to 656 acres at an annual rent of £115 2s.,
presided over ‘ a stone and lime slated house and outhouses in good order, with handsome garden, orchards qand plantation of fir trees, &c., fine hedges andf
ornamental trees.’95. Tempted to essay the grand figure, ambitious tenants had built unnecessarily large houses and surrounded them with ornamental trees rather than
useful plantations. Thereby future generations were encumbered with expenses which their farms might not meet. 96 One prominent inhabitant typified the trend.John
Nickson, heir of a former Wentworth agent in the district. He rented Nunnt for a yearly rent of £113. He leased a seconf farm from Wentworthin the vicinity for £113
16s 6d. With high standards beign set by the Wentworths for the tenants both in farming and behavour and dress sense, the the Wentworths went back to England. It is
said the on the Wentworth property ‘no tenant would drink a drop of ale at any public meeting except good claret, sack or punch… The wives and daughter had coffee,
tea or chocolate.
Forestry.
Many of the large estates in Ireland began plant woodland areas, but by the late 1680’s comments were being made that too many evergree trees were being palnted.
One such comment on page 212 refers to the Coollattin Estate but in the year 2014 many of the trees on both the estate and the golf course are evergreen fir trees.
Those of us who golf often curse them but they do look magnificent in the general setting oft the grounds of the hosue and lands.
When Hume carried out his survey in late 1690’s he doubted that much of the timer had any commercial value, he was also referring to the ornamental gardens.
Timber
Reference is made in page 126 to the timber on the Coollattin Estate of Thomas Watson Wentworth in the 1720’s which was being converted in furniture.
Gardening.
Gardening was very much in vogue and the landed gentry strove to grow the rarest and the best quality fruit and veg and much competition ensued betqween the big
houses.
One such report on page 209, tells of in 1741 Archbishop King thanking Lord Fitzwilliam of Coollattin for his gifts of melons, peaches, apricots and ripe almonds for
his Mount Merrion property. (I am assuming that they were grown in the walled in garden which is now hole 5 on the Coollattin Golf course). (Lord Fitzwilliam was
the 3rd Viscount Fitzwilliam and 1st Earl.)

The 1798 REBELLION

The 1798 rebellion caused a disruption in agricultural production, but this was a brief interval in a general trend of rising land values. A comparison of the 1728 valuations with Griffith’s Valuations of 1853 shows both the relative and absolute rise in land values which took place during this period. The improvements made on each of these farms in the Shillelagh Barony, and throughout the estate, caused a much greater equalisation of values in 1853 compared with 1728. Direct estate investment in agricultural improvements, while relatively high in an Irish context, was minimal compared with the investment made on English estates. The landlord of this estate, in common with every other absentee estate in Ireland at this time, depended heavily on wealthy middlemen who could implement improvements and pay their rents regularly.

The estate fostered agricultural improvements, however, by providing security of tenure, some rewards for fulfilments of the covenants of the lease, and by introducing the most advanced agricultural techniques on the ‘model’ demesne farm. Although market demands greatly influenced the type of agriculture practised, the estate in this way also played a large part in the changing nature of farming in this area. This controlled development of agriculture by the estate system was eventually to break down through intense population pressure in the mid-nineteenth century.

Scenes from 1798 Rebellion

Carnew Parish Register

Baptisms:

April 2, 1826 daughter Jane, Edward & Frances Hopkins, Farmer, J.Frith Minister

June 24, 1827 son, William, Joseph and Sarah Hopkins, Tomacork, Farmer Rev. Moore

May 4, 1828 daughter Henrietta, Richard & Elizabeth Hopkins, Ballard, Farmer Rev.Moore

Sept 14, 1828, son Benjamin, Edward & Frances Hopkins, Croneyhorne, Farmer

June 13, 1830 daughter Elizabeth, Richard & Elizabeth Hopkins, Ballard, Farmer

Parish of Carnew

Marriages:

Aug 2, 1833 James Warren and Eliza Hopkins, Shillelagh, Rev. Robert Carpenter, both James and Elizabeth signed the register, no witnesses listed

Baptisms:

1808 Pg.1 (these are pieces of paper which have had tissue paper or something attached to the original page which is in bits and pieces.

4 May 1, 1808, Mary Ann daughter of John and Jane Hopkins, Carnew,

7 Apr 9th, 1808 Jane daughter of Edward and Jane Hopkins, Carnew

July 6, 1809 baptism of William (Vera?) son of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins, Ballan______, born July 1st. 1809.

August 25, 1809 baptism of Isabella, daughter of Richard & Mary Hopkins, Balla_____, (no birthdate listed)

Baptism Nov 10, 1809 Samuel Allen, son of Ralph and Jane Lawrenson of Paulbeg, born Oct 7th.

May 20th. 1810 Baptism, Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph and Jane Hopkins born May 19th.

May 26, 1811, Edward son of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins, born May 11th..

June 6, 1812, Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins, born May 25th.

June 25, 1812 baptism of John Matthews (looks like surname) son of Ralph and Jane Lawrenson, born June 7th.

September 19, 1812 baptism of Mary daughter of Joseph and Jane Hopkins, born September 13th.

1814, October baptism of William son of James Jones and ? Hopkins born the 4th.

September 27, 1818 baptism of son William of William Edwards & Susanna Hopkins, born September 25th.

September 3 or 5, 1824, baptism of William Henry of Joseph and Jane Hopkins, born July 29th.

October 17, 1824, baptism Richard of Joseph and Sarah Hopkins, born Oct 2nd.

October 24, 1824 baptism of Joseph of Joseph and Elizabeth Hopkins, born September 7th.

Parish of Carnew

Marriages from 1808

1811, Nicholas Hopkins, Parish of Moyacombe and Susannah Ralph of Carnew 26, Nov, 1811, both signed register, Witness Ann Wilson and William Bow_ke?

1816 William Hopkins of Parish Clonegal and Ann Dowzer of Carnew, 2nd. Feby, 1816 Witness: Michael Dowzer and John Graham

1825, Edward Hopkins and Frances Grundy, married 17th. Jan, 1825, both signed Witness W.J.Grandy (note spellings) and Wm. butler, both bride and groom signed

Parish of Carnew

Burials:

Jane Lawrenson 20 Dec, 1817

Marriages:

Jan 13, 1857 Richard Hopkins, Garryhastings and Larah Discey? > Dix? of Clonegal, Witness Wm. Hopkins

Burials:

Thos. Hopkins, Carnew May 30, 1838

Hanna Hopkins, Hollyfort, Feb 21, 1841′

John Hopkins, Carnew, July 30, 1841 age 53

Frances Hopkins, Cronyhorn, January 13, 1842 age 4

Amo? Hopkins, Carnew April 29, 1842 age 36

Edward Hopkins, Croneyhorn, April 11, 1843 age 40

Jos. Hopkins, Carnew September 13, 1847 no age

Richard Hopkins, Tomacork, June 26, 1849 age 26

Ann Hopkins, Carnew Jan 13, 1860 age 20

Sarah Hopkins, October 23, 1861 age 61

Jos Hopkins, Tomacork, Nov 10, 1866 age 84

Elizabeth Hopkins, May 16, 1869 age 35

REGISTRY BOOK OF AGHOLD

Robert of John and Elizabeth Hopkins born April 25, 1812

Burial 1765, May 7, Ann of late Richard and Margaret Hopkins

Baptism, May 28, 1754 of Benjamin of Richard and Margaret Hopkins

Baptism March 17, 1754 John of John and Elizabeth Hopkins

Baptism Jan 21, 1752 Elizabeth of Richard & Margaret Hopkins

1739 Rachel of Nicholas Hopkins and Deborah – no dates – could be May or March and before the following record

July 1, 1739 Jane of Edward Hopkins & Ann Hopkins

Dec. 11, 1739 Thomas of Joseph and Elizabeth Hopkins

Registry book of Aghold, 1700-1812 in bits glued to tissue paper, parts missing parts unreadable other than difficult handwriting

Baptism 1713 Jane of Robert Hopkins and Mary, December____

Baptism 1714 Elizabeth of Robert Hopkins and Mary, December___

Baptism 1720 Elizabeth of Benjamine Hopkins and wife, Nov. 14th.

Baptism 1724 Anne of Robert and Elizabeth Hopkins, July 5th.

Baptism 1732 John of Joseph & Elizabeth Hopkins ___30th.

Baptism 1732 Benjamin of Benjamin Hopkins and Mary, March 1732

Baptism 1733 _________ of Nicholas & Elizabeth Hopkins, May 15, 1733

Baptism 1740 Jane of Edward Hopkins & Ann, July 10th.

Thomas 1740 Thomas of Joseph & Elizabeth Hopkins, Dec. 11th.

Marriage:

Joseph Hopkins of T_________ Henrietta daughter of Mary Twamley of Mullahullen, April 8, 1760

Baptism of William of William and Mary Hopkins, July 20, 1794

baptism of Joseph of William & Mary Hopkins, March 29, 1796

More about life on the Fitzwilliam Estate

79/68 Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, from Mr. Symme dated Oct 16, 1817 Tinehaley (as spelt)

Re: Agent Haight’s conduct …for want of agent in my view goaded by unfeeling and brutal conduct of your present head agent. Your political influence in Co. Wicklow is every day diminishing from being the most benevolent and charitable of all Landlords …… losing blessings and prayers of tenants, deep designs and malpractice of your most unjust steward who says he has your sanction and directions. All classes of people hate him. Your Lordship is call on for the sake of humanity to enquire into Haight’s conduct. Restor….. to Golden Age, they want to forget the Tyranny.

79/69 Sign from Mr. Haigh, requesting tenants who wish to see him on Business attend Malton on MONDAYS ONLY.

79/88 Letter from Haigh to Fitzwilliam, just some excerpts ‘education for the poor is now all the rage’ ‘employment is primary of the miserable state of the lower order’ “Mr. Chamney of Ballyhine is in the linen trade who could teach all those willing to learn spinning, I have sent a specimen by a 10 year old girl to Lady Fitzwilliam for inspection”

79/94 letter, Malton 1819, Dec 2 Deficiency in Oats – blight potatoes, only fair crop, nearly whole of Co. Wexford has failed, this is the 3rd. year of their suffering and we swarm with beggars from that County.

77/122 Malton, Feb. 16, 1821 Petition from David Page of Parkmore regarding the undertenants near Hacketstown… shall hear from me, Major Hardy that ‘he should not have the liberty to take along with him his friends and neighbours, most respectable tenants, Mr. Whelan (head tenant) of Rath and Mr. Swann (headtenant) of Knocklow.

Malton Letter, June 12, 1821 Shellelagh Resolutions ….”ungrateful as they are obstinate’ Captn. Nickerson – trouble makers – Tinehely Friday, Rathdrum, Thursday, Registry of freeholders who have not registered since 1815 estimated 400. …….Ralph Taylor would not care what sacrifice to annoy me, called David Page constable….

79/149 Malton, Oct 27, 1822 …. “Irishmen can always do with more land but can seldom find capital’ …..I have Ejectments moved on, Barracks Farm, part of lands of Coollattin leased to George Sherwood.

Malton, Dec 11, 1822 re: Mr. Moore , 31.7.6 Pounds for the Shillelagh Blanket Fund ….let me remind you to pay 10 Pounds to Carnew Sunday school and 12. pounds to Library only as donations… have been regularily called for as yearly subscriptions…. ..useful employment for the poor children if the better class of people exert themselves in….they hereafter earn their livehihood, the rising generation would greatly benefit…

St.Michael’s Church, Aghold.

St.Michael’s Church, Aghold. Aghold, anciently Aghowle and in Irish manuscripts, Achad Abhla, Achadhabhla or Achadh-n-abhall means the field of the apple trees. The name Aghold was used in the Vestry Minutes of 1707.

The first stone of St. Michael’s Church was laid in the year 1716 by the Rev. Thomas Barton, Rector. It appears that the old Church at Aghowle had fallen into disrepair and as it did not occupy a central position in the Parishes of Aghold, Mullinacuffe “Creecreen” and Liscolman it was decided to build the new Church. The total cost of building the new church appears to have been 150 Pounds, 1 shilling and 9 pence. Excerpts taken from the book “The field of the Apple Trees, Aghold 1716-1991″ by Richard Codd.

A list of annual subscriptions for Sunday School, Coollattin Estates Sheffield Archives WWM/F80/39

This list has a wide blackening line right down the middle of the list and covers 18 names, the only names showing are:

Mr. Saul Boyce……………………………1.2.9

Mr.Rudd ………….. 0.10.0

Mr. Barlow ………….. 0.10.0

Mr. Lee ……… 0.7.6

Mr. Walker …………… 0.7.6

Mr. Woodroofs ……………. 0.5.0

Mr. Langrill ………….. 0.5.0

Mr. Elliot ………….. 0.2.6

Mr.Allen Jackson, Dublin ………. 0.5.0. National Library, Dublin, Genealogy Office

Teacher note book

Average number of student 54 in 1827

Mary Buckles, Anne Masterson late

Mary Rathwell – ordered a tea ticket for good answering

Regular visitors Ms. Swan, Braddell, Frith, Chaloner and Rev. Mrs. Moore

Eliza Rickerby could not say Luke and Glenis (must be bible or schoolbook?)

Thur. 8, 1827 Feb children noisy today

Rain prevented children from coming

Jane Lee, Susan Matthew, Jane Nussey(?)

Sat 24 Visited by Mrs. Moore

Cut Mary Halvey’s hair as untidy

13, 1827 Tuesday, School exam by Ms. Williams, London Ladies Society

Mon 14th. Nancy kept several girls in who knew not their lessons

Thur 19, March 1827 Catherine Rathwell ticket for food – good answering

Thurs 12 Apr 1827 Miss Davies talkative and idle

Maria Murphy wrote carelessly

Thurs 12, Apr Lucy Gilbert is improving

May 1 Ellen Quinn – inattentive

Sheffield Archives WWM/F79/162

This is not dated, but prior to 1837, as a have a petition asking to move the Court to Shillelagh which was done:

A List of the several Tenants, against whom Ejectments are intened to be brought for non payment of Rent at the next Quarter Sessions to be held at Baltinglass in July next:

Date of Lease} Tinaheley

1765 Chas. Flagherty’s, Exors. (executors)

1801 Robert Codd: Driver

1809 M… Leonard

Date of lease} Carnew

1770 Christ May’s Exors.

1796 John & Wm. Armstrong

1796 William Williams

1801 Joseph Walker

1810 Henry Walsh

1816 John L(?) James

Date of lease} Knocknamacoyle

1781 John Ireland – Exors.

1810 Thos. Conner & Mary Whelan

1819 Isaac Staghan (?) and T. W………

Date of lease} Rathmeage

1810 Thos. Valentine & Mary Bryan

Date of lease} Coollattin (Coollattin)

1793 Pierce(?) Hinkley’s Exors.

1811 Matt Keghoe & J. Timmins

1811 Rick? Cates (? my question mark-Bates?)

1810 Bridget Blake

1796 Thos. Foster (Miller)(agents question mark)

1796 William Free

Date of lease} Ballyrhine (Ballyraheen?)

1794 Denis Loughlin’s Exors.

Date of lease} Kilballyowen

1795 John & G. Graham

Date of Lease} Ballynultha

1796 Thos. Cullen & partners or pastures?

1811 John Byrne

1796 ……. Loughlin & partners

Date of Lease} Kilballyowen

1795 John G. Graham

Date of lease} Ardoyne

1796 Matt Murphy

1796 Darby J……. (Jack/Jake)

Date of Lease} Coolroe

1796 Peter Tool’s Exors

Date of Lease} Gurteen

1800 Eliz. Grange

Date of Lease} Killaveny

1800 Mick Ward’s Exors.

Date of lease} Ballinguile

1801 Bridget Harman & Sons (Harmen)

1801 Edward Harmon’s Exors.

Date of Lease} Rosnastraw

1801 Joseph Edith Smith

Date of Lease} Knocknaboley

1805 Thos. Hannan (Hannen)

Date of Lease} Boley

1808 John Gahan

1808 Hugh Baley

1808 John Meaghon

Date of Lease} Tomnaschaley (?) – Kilpipe

1808 David Gilbert

Date of Lease} Minmore

1777 Mary Wilson’s Exors

Date of Lease} Lascoleman

1797 John Smith’s Exors.

Date of Lease} Knokeen

1807 Garret Byrne

1807 Edw ? Darcey

Date of Lease} Coolrufs

1784 Thos. James, Extors.

Date of Lease} Torboy

1801 Lawrence Byrne

Date of Lease} Ballyconnell

1803 James Byrne

1803 Arthur & Mich. Burke

1803 Miles Byrne

1803 Owen Byrne

1803 Rich. Kovisnan

Date of Lease} Croneyhorn

1803 Joseph & George Fitzharris

Date of Lease} Mullins

1803 Charles Murphy’s Exors.

Date of Lease} Muskeagh

1805 Jos. Dunn & P (?) Byrne

Date of Lease} Killinure

1809 Owen Doyle

1809 Cath. Kavannah (as spelt)

1809 Thos. McDaniel

Date of Lease} Unrigar

1810 John & J O’Niele

Date of Lease} Ballynulta

1811 Mich. Mulhall’s Exors.

Annette Code note: going by seeing leases and the arrears, these if like other were sometimes many years in arrears before getting to the ejectment for non payment of rent, Earl Fitzwilliam was a very forgiving and generous landlord and charged the lowest rents. William Wainwright a trusted and much loved Estate Agent was replaced by William Haigh from 1813-1825 and he pursued the amalgamating of lands, ejectments for non payment and started the voluntary emmigrations to North America as a way of making the land pay.

Robert Chaloner, Fitzwilliam brother-in-law replaced Haigh in 1825. The 4th Earl died in 1833 and his son took charge of the estate.

EMIGRATION ACCOUNT 935/197 WWM Sheffield Archives UK, Coollattin Estate: June, 1847

To cash paid sundry persons towards their support, getting clothes, paying for cars (carts) to take their luggage to ____ __ __ on their way to America as __ Cash-Book 1109.19.8

Paid William Graves & Son, New Ross on a/c (account) of passage of Emigrants to Quebec 2100. 19.8

Expence (as spelt) of materials and making of 173 sea-chests as per Joseph Exley’s a/c 99.1.8

Balance due to Wm. Graves & Son for passage of Emigrants up to 9th. instance as per account 888.2.6. Total 4197 Pounds 3 shillings and 10 pence

863 1/2 adults at the above cost of 4197.3.10 would average about 4.17.2 1/2 each Note that the earlier emigrants were sent out of Dublin with the Mssrs. Scott Shipping Company

The Coollattin Estate was 85,000 acres covering one-fifth of the county of Wicklow and home to 20,000 tenants. It was inherited by the Fitzwilliam family in the 1780s from the Marquis of Rockingham. Lord Fitzwilliam was an absentee landlord, but took an interest in the estate and was considered a liberal landlord, paying higher wages, charging lower rents, tolerating Catholicism and financially supporting education. Day to day running of the estate was done, under his supervision, by Robert Chaloner, who kept meticulous records.

By 1844 (a year before the potato famine), general economic conditions in Ireland had deteriorated to the point that the poverty of the Irish living under the British “tenant system” was deplorable and 28 percent of families in Wicklow county lived in one room mud or stone huts with thatch roofs and uncovered mud floors. To have a fireplace or chimney meant that a home was liable for the “Hearth Money Roll” tax, but most of these people were so poor that they simply lit a fire in the middle of their cabin and the smoke escaped through the thatch or open door. The staple diet of most of the rural Irish was potatoes and buttermilk.

In 1845, the potato blight had hit many areas. By 1846, the entire potato crop was destroyed and the economy collapsed. The big landlords, like Lord Fitzwilliam, were hit hard and large scale evictions, known as “clearances” of “uneconomic” tenants began to take place from these estates to reduce costs and avoid bankruptcy. The vast majority of landlords simply turned out the tenants to fend for themselves. Fitzwilliam instead offered “assisted emigration” to almost 6000 of the “surplus” tenants that he wished to be rid of. In 1847, Robert Chaloner recorded the names of every member of every family prepared to leave for British North America. The clearance ran from 1847 to 1856 and in that time, 5,995 surplus people sailed to Canada.

In the early 1970s, the Fitzwilliam family sold the little that remained of the estate and donated the estate papers to the National Library in Dublin. They consist of thousands of documents and are considered a valuable historical resource, especially since so many others were lost to war and fire. Unfortunately though, I don’t know how one would gain access to these records except to hire a researcher in Ireland. Perhaps someone else will know.

There is also a website with an very sobering account of Gerald Keegan’s account of his crossing and landing in Grosse Isle in 1847 (the same summer that my Bowes family arrived). It is called “Black ’47: A Summer of Sorrow” and can be found at: http://members.tripod.com/~gail25/black.htm I find it incredible that our families not only survived, but continued on and flourished!

SURPLUS PEOPLE

The Fitzwilliam Clearances 1847-1856 by Jim Rees

Mum was the first one in the family to come down with the stomach flu and fever. Cliff was next and today it hit me with a double whammy plus my head was so dizzy that I felt like I was on a ship in rough seas.

In April of 1848, 383 surplus tenants of Lord Fitzwilliam estate in Wicklow, Ireland boarded the ‘Star’ for a voyage that would take 37 days. Sixty-three passengers were badly stricken with illness, nine of whom died before the ship arrived in St. Andrews. If they thought the worst was behind them, it certainly was not. Plus the dream of the men getting employment on the building of the railroad turned into a nightmare.

Between 1847 and 1856, in an attempt to re-organize his 80,000 acre Coollattin Estate, Lord William Fitzwilliam removed 6,000 men, women and children and arranged passage to Canada. The vast majority of these people were sent to Quebec for settlement in Ontario but one group was shipped to St. Andrews, the men to work on a new railway line.

Surplus People – The Fitzwilliam Clearances 1847-1856 is the end result of four years of research and writing by Jim Rees, coupled with the contributions of archivists and historians in Ireland, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, and details the story of thousands of famine refugees from County Wicklow sent to Canada.

The story of their arrival in St. Andrews — most sick, starving and destitute — is a focus of this extraordinary book which identifies specific families and follows their progress from their tiny holding in Ireland to their new lives in New Brunswick.

Sent out on the sailing vessel “Star”, these wretched emigrants spent weeks at sea before being landed on a windswept quarantine island off St. Andrews where several died of disease and exposure. When finally landed, they discovered that no preparation had been made for their arrival and most were forced to endure privations that can best be described as inhuman.

The horrific conditions on Grosse Ile, the quarantine station at Quebec, are described, depicting images which still have the power to shock. Typhus spread like wild fire, and up to fifty deaths a day occurred in the summer of Black ’47. No one could have predicted the deluge of human misery which was about to descend on Grosse Ile.

During the course of his research Jim Rees compiled a database of the names, ages, family relationships, size of holding, town land of origin, and in some cases name of ship and dates of departure and arrival, of all 6,000 tenants. Details of how to access this information form an index in the book

Inquire at your library to find out if there is a copy of Surplus People – The Fitzwilliam Clearances 1847-1856 by Jim Rees available or contact:

Dee-Jay Publications 3 Meadows Lane Arklow, Co., Wicklow Ireland

Query 1147 Lynch – Chandler: Andrew Jackson Lynch was born in Petersville, New Brunswick in 1846. He had brothers John and Tom. Andrew migrated to Yakima, Washington and married Margaret Maria Chandler in Tacoma, Washington in 1891. He died in 1923. I would like to find information on his parents and siblings.

Robert L. Bozorth 13921 94th Ave., NE Kirkland WA, 98034, USA. E-Mail bobstefani@juno.com.

Visit Ruby’s Bookshelf

New and Used Genealogical and Historical books of New Brunswick for sale.

Ruby M. Cusack is a genealogy buff living in Saint John. Send your queries to her at: rmcusack@nbnet.nb.ca. Include your name and mailing address for the benefit of the readers of the newspaper who do not have access to E-mail but could have information to share with you. Please put “Yesteryear” followed by the surnames in your query. For more information on submitting queries, visit http://www.rubycusack.com/Query-Instructions.html

Shillelagh (Irish: Síol Éalaigh, meaning “Descendants of Éalach”) is a village located in County Wicklow, Ireland.

The town was planned as part of the FitzWilliam estate in the 17th century. Nearby Coollattin House (designed by John Carr and built around 1800) was the seat of the Fitzwilliam Estate. Tomnafinnoge Oak Wood is the largest remaining oak forest in Ireland. One of only two Cork Oaks in Ireland exists in Shillelagh. The town name is associated with the blackthorn walking stick known as a shillelagh.

Coollattin Golf Club is an 18 hole parkland course, and is situated close to the village.

Transport

Shillelagh railway station opened on 22 May 1865, closed for passenger and goods traffic on 24 April 1944 and finally closed altogether on 20 April 1945. The town is on the Wicklow Way, one of Ireland’s most popular long distance walking routes. References

1. “Shillelagh station”. Railscot – Irish Railways. http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

External links

Historic Wicklow lodge has great potential Article about Coollattin Lodge, a farmhouse on the FitzWilliam estate.

COUNTY WICKLOW The Garden of Ireland Written by: D.J.Griffiths and transcribed by former IrelandGenWeb County Coordinator

A Viking presence is known at Arklow and Wicklow Town where trading stations became important medieval towns in the Anglo-Norman period. The Anglo-Normans came near the end of the twelfth century. But though this was a much more serious invasion than that of the Vikings, and though these newcomers continued to make settlements in various parts of the country, the Irish people still adhered everywhere to their native customs. Indeed it is well known that, except in a small district round Dublin, the settlers generally intermarried and became incorporated with the natives, adopting their language, laws, dress, and usage, so as to be quite indistinguishable from them, and becoming “more Irish than the Irish themselves.

The 14th Century saw sporadic war spread throughout the area between Anglo-Norman settlers, indigenous dwellers and the ever encroaching Clann O’Byrne, the latter forced into the East Wicklow Glens from their Kildare lands by the greater military strength of the Earls of Kildare. A surviving monument to this troubled time is a fragment of tower at Stump House, a mile from Rathdrum. Once Kilcommon Castle, its four towered keep was built in c.1320 by Sir Hugh Lawless, an old Wicklow warrior in his vain attempt to stem the O’Byrne expansion. There is little account of the area after that. Up to the early 16th century, Rathdrum lay ‘Beyond the Pale’ and the O’Byrne Clann left to rule this place as they saw fit, until after they attached a English led force who had camped near the present Avondale, forcing them to flee all the way back to Wicklow Castle. As a result Rathdrum a permanent garrison post.

After this the O’Byrnes were vanquished and the town of Rathdrum confiscated. In 1578 the Coollattin Estates in Wicklow were given to Henry Harrington a adventurer ( a investor) in the queen’s (Elizabeth Ist ) disposition to hold land for 21 years. She had confiscated it from the O’Brynes, When he died in 1621 the property passed to a Welshman, The vast woodlands of the area offered long term sources of fuel to extract the metal ore and he maintained a business between Wales and Wicklow

In 1605 the area now know as county Wicklow was Shired.

Thomas Wentworth, the 1st Earl of Stratford, who in l630 became Lord Deputy of Ireland and within a period of 7 years acquired 60,000 acres in Co. Wicklow. Some of that from Calcott Chambre.

Wentworth was executed by Charlies I, however the property went to his son. In 1643 when Oliver Cromwell came to power the Royalist lands were confiscated and after the monarchy was restored under Charles II the lands reverted back to the Wentworth’s of which the Earl of Stratford. The Coollattin Estate was 85,000 acres covering one-fifth of the county of Wicklow and home to 20,000 tenants.

Hardly had the fog of Elizabethan wars began to settle when these new Landlords began to transform the local landscape. By Herculean labour over a generation or so, a hitherto wild topography of trackless woodland, with wolves ( Rathdrum supported a wolf trapper ) and scattered cultivation plots was transformed to a discernible modern countryside.

As woods were felled and land cleared, the contemporary pattern of fields and boundaries, roads, ditches, and plantation came into being. With this transformation came the freehold farm, the coppice wood and ultimately the Big House. As first these were modest structures tending to be a cross between a fortified farm and something more grand, but as peace looked increasingly secure, particularly after the Williamite settlements, some of these houses and demesne were later to be transformed, on the full noon of Ascendancy culture, into mansions the legacy of which still delight the senses and give to County Wicklow its ‘Garden County’ ethos.

From the outset, Stratford set about improving the new town to his particular taste. This entailed encouraging artisans and farmers, some from England, to settle in and around the town. From these beginnings the merchant class was to arise in the 17th and 18th centuries. As well as income for his sometimes opulent lifestyle, Stratford’s leases were couched with conditions to improve his land, the buildings on it, and preserve woodland. Much the result of his, and his successors policies is the present town layout. The Goal at Wicklow town was built in 1702

On 15th Aug 1649 Oliver Cromwell landed at Ringsend Dublin, his time in Wicklow was brief but his impact, and the later impact of his armies under the control of Edmund Ludlow was great indeed. William of Orange in 1690 led the army that defeated James and his Irish partisans at the Battle of the Boyne. By 1703, 85% of all the land of Ireland had been confiscated from Catholic ownership and transferred to Protestant possession. Many English Officers were given land, instead of pay. Unlike the Norman settlement there was little assimilation between the new settlers and the old inhabitants. In time the transplanted Anglo-Irish Protestant came more and more to identify with Ireland. By half way through the eighteenth century, a Protestant patriot party arose, to demand greater independence. This lead to the establishment in 1782 of an Independent Irish Parliament in Dublin. Effect power however rested with the English. Dublin prospered, but the Catholic peasants of the countryside remained as wretched as ever.

The Coollattin Estate was inherited by the Fitzwilliam family in the 1780s from the Marquis of Rockingham. and was considered a liberal landlord, paying higher wages, charging lower rents, tolerating Catholicism and financially supporting education. Day to day running of the estate was done, under his supervision, by Robert Chaloner.

In 1792 the Irish Parliament accepted an Act of Union previously enacted at Westminster and Ireland formally entered the United Kingdom.

Wicklow in 1790′s had a higher percentage of Protestants than any other county excluding Ulster. In 1798 the United Irishmen rebelled. The rebellion in Wicklow was most violent. Houses all over the county were set on fire, people were killed on suspicion of being either rebels or Orangemen. Houses were burnt. The members of the United Irishmen were both Catholic and Protestants. In 1829 Emancipation Act was passed , this removed the penal laws.

By 1840 the country was now peaceful. There may have been severe poverty for some, but most areas gave a prosperous appearance. The many immigrants became integral part of the Irish make up. Although there was still some tension between Catholics and Protestants, both religions were beginning to learn to live together peacefully. Now that the repressive anti-Catholic laws had been repealed the way was open for equality.

By 1846, the entire potato crop was destroyed and the economy collapsed. The big landlords, like Lord Fitzwilliam, were hit hard and large scale evictions, known as “clearances” of “uneconomic” tenants began to take place from these estates to reduce costs and avoid bankruptcy. The vast majority of landlords simply turned out the tenants to fend for themselves. Fitzwilliam instead offered assisted emigration” to almost 6000 of the “surplus” tenants that he wished to be rid of. In 1847. The clearance ran from 1847 to 1856 and in that time, 5,995 surplus people sailed to Canada.

The Earl at this time was William Thomas Spencer Wentworth Earl FitzWilliam.

Coollattin House

Letters to Lord Milton about the 1818 election, at which he was a candidate, but did not appear in Yorkshire (several from Lord and Lady Fitzwilliam) WWM/G/1 [n.d.]

The great majority of tenants held land from the estate by means of a lease.
Demesne labours after 1778, and subtenants on holdings whose lessee had been killed in the 1798 rebellion, were the only exceptions to this rule, holding land from year-to-year without a lease, or a will.
By far the most common type of lease throughout the period was held for twenty-one years and life, or lives (usually of the son or sons of the lessee: in a few cases of his widow or ‘survivors’).
About one fifth of the tenants held land for thirty-one years or life, their leases being drawn up before 1730.
These leases, when compared with those of other Irish estates at this time, appear very short.
For richer Ulster tenants, until the late eighteenth century at least, leases held for three lives were most common.
Leases of three lives, or three lives renewable, were also held by headtenants on the O’Callaghan estate in Tipperary in the late 1730s and 1740s.
Even within Wicklow at the close of the century, on estates of resident landlords, leases held for three lives or thirty-one years, were most usual.
By the custom of tenant-right, however, the short lease was of benefit to the estate while tenants remained in their holdings.

Once a lease was drawn up, as on Ulster estates at this time, no new clauses could be inserted in the lease by the landlord or agent until it expired.
The time of renewal of a lease was important, therefore, as it was then that the estate imposed new obligations in relation to improvements on the tenants, and also when rents were increased.
As there were few surveys made of any part of the estate after 1738, this was also the time when the level of improvement made by a tenant was assessed by the agent.
This assessment was passed on to the landlord, who decided on what fines or rewards should be granted to the tenant, in the form of a large or a small increase.
Although leases throughout the period were very specific on the level of fines for non-fulfilment of covenants(especially in relation to building and planting), on the evidence of the account books it seems that very few were actually enforced, as this would have involved enormous administrative difficulties.
Before 1780, the account books list just four instances of such fines or payments: three in relation to coppicing (all under £5) and, 1758, a half year’s allowance in rent to Graves Chamney for enclosing eleven acres of his farm at Ballinultagh.
The more general system of addition ns and abatements in rent when a lease was due for renewal was of greater importance, therefore:
‘He (the tenant) is content to pay a reasonable advance for his improved state, at which his farm may have arrived, a deduction being always allowed for permanent improvements. This is easily and amicably adjusted, between his Lordship’s agent and the tenant, with reference to Lord Fitzwilliam’.

From 1780 onwards, the account books list the additions and deductions in rent made on renewal of leases for headtenants’ farms:

Additions and Deductions in Rents, 1780-1797
Year Additions Deductions
1780 £706.17.2 £320
1792 £974. 4 .7.5 £1130. 4. 2
1797 £1372. 11. 4 £675. 19. 9

The most common advance made by Ulster tenants at this time on renewal of a lease, or addition of a new life to the lease, was a year’s rent.
Of the total additions for 1797 on this estate, over half the tenants renewing a lease paid a year’s rent, while the remainder (40%) paid an average of about 20% of one year’s rent.
This latter group, together with the tenants having deductions made in their rents, seem to be receiving rewards for general improvements made on their farms, but the nature of these improvements is not mentioned in the accounts.
Such alterations were undoubtedly important from the tenant’s point of view, but as far as the estate was concerned, where advances did not exceed rewards, the expenditure by the estate in rewards to tenants was negligible.

The agent performed a vital role in keeping the landlord informed on the success or failure of estate directives in relation to improvements, and also in dealing with all aspects of local business.
He was well-rewarded for his services (the agent’s salary was usually the largest single expense for many estates in Ireland), and his status in society was described by Foster as equivalent to that of the ‘middling gentry’ or small scale landholders.
The landlord of this estate demanded a very high standard from his agent: remittances were expected promptly after rents were collected, and the records which the agent kept were closely inspected in England.
After the arrival of Hugh Wentworth in 1748 he was advised in a letter from William Buck, a steward on the Yorkshire estate, to introduce a regular system of book-keeping, and not to commit the ‘perpetual blunders’ of which his predecessor, Dr. Griffith, was guilty.

The landlord in England, it seems, depended heavily on the income from his Irish estate.
In a letter to Wentworth in 1748, the Marquis urged the agent not to delay in collecting rents, as he had bought Eddington wood in Yorkshire ‘in expectation of £1,000’ from rents on his estate.
The total rental of the estate increased steadily throughout the century, and by 1800 was almost four times that of 1728.
Like every other absentee estate in Ireland, however, very little of this actually remained in Ireland.
The agent’s remittances accounted for an average 90% of the total income from the estate (even this figure was low in comparison to the relative amount of money sent out of Ireland on other absentee estates.
The percentage of total income remaining for use on this estate was generally greater in the latter half of the period, but reached two distinct peaks; in the mid 1750s, when improvements were being carried out on Malton House, and in the late 1760s, when building had begun on the demesne village.

In the autumn of 1903 an era spanning almost four centuries came to a conclusion with the transfer of the Coollattin estate to the ownership of its tenants. This took place under the terms of the 1903 Land Act and was carried through with a minimum of fuss, consultation and arbitration. Following a meeting between the tenant and the agent, Frank Brooke, Fitzwilliam replied in the affirmative. In his letter, dated October 3rd, 1903, one detects an air of poignancy, when he says, ‘I must confess that I am not in the least anxious to part with the Estate, which has formed a direct heritage in my family for generations, but as times change we have to change with them, and I have, therefore, with much regret, decided to meet the request my tenants have made’.

There were only two conditions to be met. The estate had to go, lock stock and barrel; remaining on as a Coollattin tenant was not an option. Secondly, he said, since he had, ‘such pleasant memories through many successive generations’, he wished to retain the right to hunt, fish and shoot on the lands.

The 1798 rebellion caused a disruption in agricultural production, but this was a brief interval in a general trend of rising land values.
A comparison of the 1728 valuations with Griffith’s valuations of 1853, shows both the relative and absolute rise in land values which took place during this period.
The improvements made on each of these farms in the Shillelagh barony, and throughout the estate, caused a much greater equalisation of values in 1853 compared with 1728.
Direct estate investment in agricultural improvements, while relatively high in an Irish context, was minimal compared with the investment made on English estates. The landlord of this estate, in common with every other absentee estate in Ireland at this time, depended heavily on wealthy middlemen who could implement improvements and pay their rents regularly.

The estate fostered agricultural improvements, however, by providing security of tenure, some rewards for fulfilments of the covenants of the lease, and by introducing the most advanced agricultural techniques on the ‘model’ demesne farm.
Although market demands greatly influenced the type of agriculture practised, the estate in this way also played a large part in the changing nature of farming in this area.
This controlled development of agriculture by the estate system was eventually to break down through intense population pressure in the mid-nineteenth century.

Estate Income and Expenditure 1786

(These accounts include all the estate in Wicklow and Kildare)

Income £. s.d.

Rental 19,059. 12. 0

Timber 745. 10. 6

Mixed Receipts 658. 17. 6

Demesne Farm 103. 19. 3

Interest 66. 13. 9

Others 44. 10. 10

Total 20,679. 4. 5

Expenditure £ s d

Remittances 18,066. 10. 0

Salaries 382. 7. 10

Mixed payments 347. 7. 10

Allowances 311. 2. 8.5

Timber Arrears 155. 14. 8

Demesne Buildings 149. 16. 0

Others (Quit & Crown) Rents, Charities, Etc. 568. 13. 1

Total 19,981. 11 0.

The low percentage of estate income, for Irish estates in general, spent on improvements in Ireland, was the subject of much criticism from observers at the time.
Thomas Prior drew up successive lists of the amount of money drawn from Irish estates by absentee landlords for the years 1745, 1767 and 1783.
His figures for the first two years referring to this estate are reasonably accurate, but his figure of £30,000 sent to Lord Malton in 1783 is greatly over-estimated.
Lord Malton figures highly in the ranking of estates with the largest amount of money returned to England.
He is placed fourth in 1745, third in 1767 and second (behind Lord Donegal) in 1783.
Prior in 1745 proposed that a tax of four shillings should be levied on the estates of absentees, which ‘would in all likelihood, remove the evils complained of, by stopping in a great measure those wasteful drains of money’?
The second Marquis of Rockingham was active in the successful campaign among absentees in England against the introduction of this tax in 1773.

While absentees as a group were frowned upon by many writers in the eighteenth century, contemporary and later judgements on the success of the estate system in this area specifically are all favourable ones.
Apart from the high levels of economic improvements encouraged by the estate, the landlord and agent were praised for their extremely fair treatment of headtenants and subtenants throughout the century.
Hayes wrote with reference to the landlord in 1794:
‘The desire of improving the agriculture of the country around him,,, was not confined to his estate in England, the same patriotic attention was extended to his kingdom in a variety of ways,,, there does not exist an instance of a single acre of the Rockingham, now Fitzwilliam, estate having been ever advertised or offered to be let to the best bidder, but that his farm when out of lease is uniformly offered to the tenant at a fair valuation, we must allow that such absentees are in great measure entitled to an exemption from that century which others may have justly incurred; these leave us as little as possible to regret, in their absence , but the loss of their society’.

The estate, from the earliest records, showed itself to be amenable to the needs of tenants.
Hume proposed in 1730 that rents should be paid on six days in the year: ‘By thus giving a little time the tenants get the benefit of the several fairs in their season and… the Spring Fairs for the Michelmas rent, and the Winter fairs for the Lady rent, and the landlord has the rent within the year’.
Arrears in rent, however, especially by the larger tenants, were dealt with severely, and several court cases were fought on this issue throughout the century.
Making an example of those tenants who fell into arrears was a deliberate estate policy, as seen in a letter from William Buck to Hugh Wentworth in 1749: ‘Singling out the ablest tenants who think fit t to be in arrears is certainly right, for in the jockey phrase they ought to be whipt’ up to their feet’..

The estate also concerned itself with headtenant-subtenant relationships, especially in the early part of the century, when the subtenants, it seems, were being unfairly treated.
Hume wrote in 1730:
‘Formerly when the last leases were granted there were extra good times, the woods were a-falling which employed the poor, brought great sums of money into the country. Now that trade is gone… the poor under tenants paid the rent and notwithstanding the great noise of decay of trade I cannot find upon the whole estate that one headtenant hath abated an under tenant one shilling in the year in the vast rents they were obliged to pay… it is too often the custom of Ireland when an under tenant goeth to complain of an injury done him by a landlord, then the headtenant goeth to the agent, invites him to drink a bottle of wine, makes his own story very good whilst the poor under tenant standeth outside in the cold and rain and dare not come in to justify his complaint’..

In response to the needs of the poorest tenants, the estate also made annual allowances as a charity, and the account books refer to such schemes as a yearly bounty of £5. 5s. donated by Lady Rockingham ‘in herrings distributed weekly amongst the poor’, and a £40 allowance ‘to the charitable scheme of inoculation in the Parish of Carnew’, in 1769..

The paternal concern shown by the estate for the welfare of its tenants, although never involving large sums of money, was important in creating the right spirit in which agricultural, planting and other improvements could be implemented.
Although it was the tenants who were responsible for carrying out these measures, the estate was influential, directly or indirectly, in all aspects of the local economy.
These influences, coupled with the economic trends of broad national significance, created many landscape changes throughout the century.
One area where the efforts of the estate were unsuccessful was in industrial development and town building, and by the end of the century this was still an extremely rural society.
This heavy dependence on the land proved disastrous in many parts of Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century, yet in this area, with efficient agricultural practices, the effects of the Great Famine were minimised.
The estate system, was therefore, one which adapted well to this region, and its records provide proof of the wide range of influence it exercised in this area..

Tenants renting land from Earl Fitzwilliam in the townland of Aghold, County Wicklow Ireland. 1839.
Anne Burgess has been transcribing the 1839 Fitzwilliam rentals records, and putting them into a spreadsheet for each townland, hoping in that way to construct a sort of census substatute for 1839 in southwest Wicklow.
The head tenants, where there was no personal information given – only land acreage – have not been included, as these head tenants may have lived elsewhere. For instance, Earl Fitzwilliam appears several times on some pages as a head tenant..

LANDLORDS AND TENANTS

The greatest concern of the estate management throughout the century was the increased prosperity of the estate, and how best to achieve it.
Monitoring of the performance of tenants in implementing improvements was therefore crucial from the estate point of view. Landlord-tenant relationships were consistent in style and in outlook during this period, as there were few changes in personnel among estate management.
The first Marquis of Rockingham was landlord between 1728 and 1751, the second Marquis between 1751 and 1783, and the first Earl Fitzwilliam controlled the estate for the remainder of the century.
After the terms of the two Irish agents after 1728, Hume and Dr. Griffith, only two agents were responsible for carrying out the landlord’s wishes on the estate between 1748 and 1800 – the Yorkshire men Wentworth and Wainwright.
This stability was important in creating the high level of economic improvements on the estate by the end of the century, much-applauded by contemporary observers, but also in developing a concern by the estate for the social well-being of its tenants.

Some of the tenants Surname 1st name Age

Adams Jas. 30 lab.
Astleford Eliz. 80
Bailey John 70 lab.
Balance Jas. 50 lab.
Beaghan Abraham 42 smith, Beaghan Mgt. 60 a poor widow
Blackburn Peter 44
Bourke Michael 45,
Bourke Jas. 48 farmer
Bradshaw Mary 40 an idiot
Brophy Martin 45 lab.
Bryan Edward 34 farmer,
Bryan Andrew 34 farmer
Butler Timothy 70 farmer
Byrne Sarah 50,
Byrne Mrs. Mgt. 60 farmer dtr of Pat Neal…
Byrne Jas. 30,
Byrne Edward 49 coachman
Campbell Wm. 48 farmer
Carty James 56 lab.
Claxton Michael 60 lab.
Coe Jas. 48 farmer,
Coe Mrs. Mary 65,
Coe Samuel 27 afflicted with pain,
Coe John 39,
Coe Thos. 37,
Coe John 39 farmer
Coe Judith 65 resides with Doyle son-in-law
Collier Robert 37 farmer,
Collier Eliz. 55 farmer
Connors Mrs. Mary 58
Coughlin Bridget 50 lab.
Curry Eliz. 49
Dagg Edward 48 farmer,
Dagg Robert 63 farmer,
Dagg Edward 60 farmer Nephews: Wm. & Ed. Haskins

FITZWILLIAM TENANTS

LISTED IN THE COOLATTIN ESTATE EMIGRATION 1847-56 COMPILED BY JIM REES

Published by DEE-JAY PUBLICATIONS 3 Meadows Lane Arklow County Wicklow Ireland © Jim Rees 199

FITZWILLIAM TENANTS LISTED IN THE COOLATTIN ESTATE EMIGRATION 1847-56

This is a record of the families who left the Fitzwilliam Estate in County Wicklow, Ireland during the clearances carried out by the estate between 1847 and 1856. The vast majority went to Quebec, one shipload went on the Star to St. Andrews, New Brunswick in 1848. The information is taken from the Fitzwilliam Emigration Books (National Library of Ireland, MS 4974 & 4975), a list of the people scheduled to sail on the Star, Jessie, and Swan (Fitzwilliam Papers, National Library of Ireland, microfilm Pos 934, Neg 852, referred to below simply as “passenger list”), and various lists in the records of Parks Canada at Grosse Isle, Quebec and the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick relating to the Star.

NB:

1. Some families appear more than once. Presumably, they were prevented from emigrating in the year in which they were first listed, but managed to get away in a subsequent year.

2. Standardised spelling of names was not generally accepted until later in the 19th century. The spelling used here is as it appeared in the Emigration Book, even where it has been more than likely mis-spelled by the recorder, for example, Brennan is usually spelt with an‘a’, but several entries below were recorded as Brennon. Some variations are minor and easily identified. However, some are more difficult to identify because of the phonetic spelling and the complication of accent. For example, Thomas Bain could well have been Thomas Beaghen, Thomas Beaghan, Beghen, Thomas Beghan, or Thomas Behan. Kinsella might appear as Kinselagh or even Kinshley. If the name sought does not appear to be included in the list, look for a name which might be phonetically applicable.

3. The list is in alphabetical order, beginning with surname. It then goes to townland, not the christian name of the first named in the group. So the name John Byrne can, and does, appear after Michael Byrne, depending on the name of the townland in which he lived.

4. As ever in research, while a secondary source such as this is a useful tool, it is always best, if possible, to consult the original primary sources.

Code:

a) Townland as spelt in the Emigration Books in the Fitzwilliam Papers, National Library of Ireland. Ref: MS 4974 & 4975. b) Official spelling of the townland.

c) Civil parish in which the townland is situated. d) Year listed

e) Reference number in the Emigration Book f) Group members, ages, and relationships

g) Name of ship (where known)

h) Place and date of departure i) Place and date of arrival

j) Description of holding on the Fitzwilliam estate

k) Other information. The reference to “Chest/Graves” means that the shipping agent, William Graves of New Ross was to informed that this family was taking a chest along in which they carried their possessions.

(C)affery? See Haffery, Minmore, Carnew, 1848, below

??? with Byrne a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 52a f) Richard 30, Mary 32, Mary Anne 7, James 5, Daniel 3 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May30th k) With Mick Byrne and family. See ref. nos. 52 and 52b. Chest Graves in side column.

Alcock a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d)1851 e) 63 f) Alex. 45, Jane 45, Eliza 19, Rebecca 17, William 13, Enoch 8, Jane 6, John & Mary 3 g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. j) Cabin from William Goodyson. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Allen with Ryan, Mullins, 1852, ref. 51. See below.

Alpin with Whelan, Monaghullen, 1847, ref. 181. See below

Andersona) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 55 f)Thomas, Mary; Sisters Bess 28, Mary 24, Ann 20, Sarah 18; bro. James 26. j)Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Rhames. k) House to come.

Appleby a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d)1847 e) 284 f) John 55, Catherine 54, William 28, John 22, James 20, Joanna 16, Eliza 14. j) Cabin and 2 acres.

Appleby a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e)19 f) Catherine 40, Mary 24, John 22, James 18, Johanna 15, Eliza 14. j) Cabin and 2.5 acres from Mrs Chamney. k) John did not go. The letters NB appear after James’ name.

Bailey a) Rasnastraw b) Rosnastraw c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e)158 f) William 50, Letitia

40, William 20, James 18, Martha 16, twins Mary Ann & Ann Elizabeth 13, Ben 8. James, his brother, 25. G) Jessie h) May 17th. New Ross i) Quebec k) James 18 does not appear on the list NLI Pos 934, but Roger Williams has been added.

Bain, Thomas 22. Travelled with his sister and brother-in-law, Mary and John Popham. See below.

Balance a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 13 f) William 48, Jane 44, Rachel 23, Jno. 22, Richard 20, Eliza 18, Mary 16, Jane 14, William 12, Rebecca 10, Lydia 8, Deborah 6 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin on Mr Bourke’s holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column

Balance a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 67 f) John 27, wife Anty 26, son William 18mths, mother-in-law Rose Waddock 57, brother-in-law Pat Waddock 35. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Mrs Pearce. k) On passenger list William Waddock was also named.

Balance a) Gurteen b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 97 f) James, Judith, Mary 4, Jane 2, Pat Neal, brother-in-law. j) Cabin from Jno. Jones, head tenant. k) House to come down. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Balance a) Gurteen b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 172 f) James 40, Judith 25, Mary 5, Jane 3, Eliza Neal, sister-in-law, 18 g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Jno. Jones. k) This family also listed in 1847, see above. Eliza Neal not listed on list NLI 934.

Balance a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d)1849 e) 77 f) Jacob 70, Mary 43, Celia 21, James 16, Eliza 7. Celia’s husband Lawrence Brown 21. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Ben Hopkins. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Balf a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 120 f) Nicholas, Catherine, John 7, Edward 5, Jane 14, Pat 3, Mary 3 mths, Mary Dillon, a relative, 18. Her passage to be paid by her father William. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Shannon, a tenant of Mr Symes. Balf got an allowance when put off Kilcaven holding to a large amount.

Balf a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e)142 f) John, Alice, Thomas 15, Mary 11, Nicholas 4, Pat 6 mths. j) 6 acres from Thomas Dobbs, undertenant of Mrs Symes.

Balf a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 257 f) Thomas 40, Sarah 35, Thomas 15, Mary 14, Ann 11, Michael 8, Pat 5. There was also a cousin, Biddy Shannon (35) and her son Thomas (10), who were scratched off list. j) 11 acres from Richard Kenny.

Balf a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 278 f) Edward 67, Mary (Kehoe), 25, son-in-law Denis Kehoe 26; their daughters Catherine 6, Eliza 1 j)Cabin k) Chest given (?).

Bannistera) Askikeagh b)Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1848 e) 168 f) Andrew 59, Elizabeth 47, Mary 20, Anne 18, William 16, Ellen 14, John 10, Andy 8, Samuel 6. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from David Edge

Bates a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 146 f) William, Biddy, Mary 8, William 6, Robert 4, James 3mths. Biddy Dockerill, a half-sister’s daughter, 15. g) Progress h) New Ross, May 5th i) Quebec June 26th j) Cabin from Joseph Griffin, a head tennat k) House to come down. Robert died on Grosse Isle on board the quarantined ship on July 10th, 1847.

Batha) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 100 – See Dath

Beaghan a) Ballicionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 27 f) Ann 60, William 30, Mary 28, Betty 25, Jno. 21, James 18. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 17.5 acres from Mr Bates. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Beaghan a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 60 f) Charles 50, Margaret 56 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Beaghan a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 20 f) Myles 38, Betty 39, Ann 12, James 10, Pat 9, Sarah 6, Elizabeth 4. j) Cabin or hut on Thomas Beaghan’s holding.

Beaghan a) Tombrean b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 34 f) Jno. 46, Ann 51, Judith 23, Martin 21, Pat 19, Ann 16, Mary 13, Jno 10, Denis 6. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Mrs Swan. k) Judith scratched from list with the words – ‘no, such person’ – inserted. Mary to be allowed as an adult. Chest/Graves in side column.

Beaghan a) Tomnifinogue b) Tomnafinnogue c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 61 f) Anne 50, James 16, Mick 14, Richard 12, Mary Anne 9. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross i) Cabin and 9 acres from James Morton. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Beaghen a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 60 f)Thomas 45, wife Mary 44, children John 26, James 24, Margaret 22, Catherine 20, Mary 18, Pat 16, Thomas 14, Andy 12, James’ wife Mary 24 & daughter Anty 9mths. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Mr. Hope. k) This family first listed for emigration in 1847. See below. they then had a cabin & half-acre from Hope. House to come down. They are also on the passenger list.

Beaghan a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 159 f) Thomas, Mary, John 27, James 25, Ellen 23, Margaret 21, Catherine 19, Mary 17, Pat 15, Thomas 13, Andy 11, Philip 9. j) Cabin and half-acre from Mr Hope. To come down. k) This family went on the Star in 1848. See above.

Beaghan a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 202 f) Pat 56, William32, Michael 30, Mary 28, Thomas 26, Ellen 24, Pat 22, James 20, Bessy 18. Cousin James Headon. j) 4 acres from Mr Dowse.

Beaghan with Horagan, Ballyconnell, 1847, ref.143. See below.

Bedlow a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 283 f) Richard 30, Sarah 27, Richard 7, Henry 6, John & Joshua 3, Mary Ann 1. Servant Mary Osborne 25. k) No remarks in ledger.

Bell a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 238 f) Edward 46, Eliza 45, Thomas 20, Ann 18, Joshua 17, John 14, Jemima 13, James 11, Eliza 9, Sarah 8, Susan 6, Mary 5. j) House in Carnew and 6 acres in Tomacork from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Birch with Hickey, Kilcaven, 1850, ref. 27. See below.

Blake a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Coolattin d) 1847 e) 285 f) William 50, Elizabeth 52, Andy 14, William 12, Mary 7. Stepdaughters Judith 24, Catherine 22, Mary 17; stepsons Edward 21, Pat 19. j) 10 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Blake a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 272 f) Thomas 46, Eleanor 43, Andrew 20, Ann 18, Margaret 14, Jane 12, Thomas 10, James 8, John 5, Mary 1. g) Standard h) New Ross, April 24th i) Grosse Isle, June 9th k) Andrew died at Grosse Isle between the 20-24th June. Mary, no age given, died at sea.

Boggs with Byrne, Rosbawn, 1847, ref: 285. See below

Boggs with Byrne, Rosbawn, 1849, ref: 44. See Below

Boulger a) Glenfillippeen b)Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 2 f) Judith 43, Betty 24, Thomas 22, John 20, Mary 18, Michael 16, Edward 14, Edward 14, Kitty 12, Judith 10, Bridget 8, Ellen 6, Margaret 3. j) 17 acres from Messrs. Dowse. This family also listed in 1849. See below.

Boulger a) Glenphilipeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 54 f) Judith 44, Betty 25, Tom 23, John21, Mary 19, Mick 17, Ned 15, Kitty 13, Judy 11, Biddy 9, Ellen 7,

Margaret 5. j) Cabin from Mr Dowse. Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Boulger a) Mangens b) Mangans d)1854 e) 10 f) Jno 43, Biddy 30, James 13, Mary 11, Catherine 9, Pat 6, Mat 2. j) Cabin from Bryan Carey.

Boulger a) Mucklagh b) Mucklagh c) Kilpipe d) 1853 e) 47 f) Michael 36, Winny 39, Peggy 15. j) Cabin from Charles Byrne.

Boulger a) Tinehaley b) Tinahely c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 253 f) Judith 42, Betty 23, Thomas 21, John 19, Mary 17, Michael 16, Edward 14,Kitty 12, Judith 10, Biddy 8, Ellen 6, Margaret 3. j) 17 acres from Henry & Robert Dowse.

Boulger a) Tombrean b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 35 f) Ann 50, Martin 27, Joseph 21, Mary 18, Peter 16. j) Cabin from Mrs Swan. k) Martin scratched from list – “a schoolmaster in Craanford”. Chest/Graves in side column.

Boulger a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 140 f) John 50, wife Alice 46, Dorothy 23, James 21, Thomas 19, Edward 13, Eliza 8, Francis 6, Tempey(?) 3. Son- in-law Peter Carroll 25, (married to Dorothy?) grandson John 3 weeks. (Some confusion with Peter Carroll, see of Tubberpatrick below). g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin on Dowse farm. h) On passenger list.

Bourke a)Cronelea b)Cronelea c)Mullinacuff d)1847 e)144 f) John 40, Ann 45, Rob 13, John 11, Miles 10, Peggy 6, Pat 4. j) Cabin from Mrs Miers, a head tenant. To come down. k) A Patk. Bourke, 4, died on the Colonist, buried at sea between 13/7/47 and 29/8/47

Bowe a)Coollattin b) Coolattin c)Carnew d)1851 e) 76 f) Sarah 55, daughter Ann Byrne 27; son William Hopkins 15. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. k) Chest/ Graves in side column.

Bowen a) Ballybegg b) Ballybeg c) Kilcommon d)1847 e) 76 f)Richard, Mary, Susan 7, Ann 5, Ellen 3, Mary 1. j)Half-acre from Mrs Symes who will take it over.

Bowes a) Coolfancy b)Coolafancy c)Crosspatrick d)1847 e)25 f) James, Eliza, Jane 11, James 9, Laurence 7, Eliza 5, John 2, Mary 7 days. j) Cabin from Joshua Hannon. k) House to come down or one in its stead.

Boyde with Hutton, Sleaghcoyle, 1847, ref: 239. See below

Braddell Agnes, with Foster, Ballykelly, 1851, ref:6. See below.

Breen a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 233 f) William 34, Margaret 32, Mary 18, Eliza 15, William 12, Elisha 9, Margaret 5, Michael 1. j)Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Griffin.

Breen a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 34 f) William 48, Anne 40, Catherine 20, Tom 12, Mary 10, Bess 8, William 6, John 4. j) Cabin and 3acre 1rood. from Lord Fitzwilliam. Chest/Graves in side column. The entry John 4 was scratched out with the note “no such person”

Breen a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d)1851 e) 41 f) Mary 75, Michael 30, Mary 24, William 22, Charles 25 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th h) Quebec. May 30th. i) Cabin and 3 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Charles Breen given 20 shillings to get provisions. Chest/Graves in side column.

Breen a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 180 f) Peggy 40, Michael 19, Mary 18, Catherine 16, John 14, Martin 7, Ann 17, Betty 6. j) 1.5 acres from Pat Byrne & Pat Breen holding. This is a double entry for 1847. See immediately below. The age discrepancies are not unusual.

Breen a) Coollattin b)Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 195 f) Peggy 40, Mary 20, James 19(?), Ann 16, Catherine 15, John 13, Martin 10, Betty 6. Nephew Michael 24. j)Cabin and half-acre from Breen & Byrne holding. See entry immediately above.

Breen a) New Roe d) 1849 e) 83 f) James 22, Kate 18 k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Breen a) New Roe d) 1849 e) 88 f) Michael 55, Mary 55, Patrick 18, John 16, William 14, Mary 12, Thomas 10. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/ Graves in side column.

Breen with Byrne, Coolboy, 1847, ref:63 See below

Brennan a) Carrickacrow b) Carrigroe c) Moyne d) 1852 e) 22 f) Michael 48, Biddy 44, Mary 17, Michael 15, John 13, Jane 12, Bridget 10, Pat 8, William 5. g) Confiance j) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th j) Cabin at Carrickacrow – ejected. k) (To be given)Ten shillings per head. Chest/Graves in side column.

Brennan with Bride, Tombreane, 1847, ref:174

Brennon a) Ballybegg b) Ballybeg c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 51 f) Pat 41, Catherine 33, Michael 7, Mary 6, Elizabeth 4, Jno 2. k) Query? Mrs Symes’ tenant. Chest/Graves in side column.

Brennon a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 135 f) Michael 52, Betty 50, John 19, Dolly 17, Mary 15, Eliza 13, Anne 10. j) Cabin and 5 acres from Mrs Leonard.

Brennon a) Rathingrany b) Ratheengraney c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 86 f) Thomas 38, Catherine 37, James 12. Margaret 9, John 7, Pat 5, Kitty 3. j) Cabin from Timothy? Whelan who consents to pull down the house.

Bride a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 174 f) Edward 40, Rose 40, James 16, Pat 14, Denis 11, Ned 7. His sister Kitty 50; bro. James 44; nephew James Brennan (Kitty’s son) 17. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Swan. This family listed again in 1854. See below.

Bride a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 32 f) Edward 45, Rose 45, James 23, Mary 20, Pat 19, Ned 12, Dinny 6. Sister Kitty Connors 60. g) Albatross k) Mary scratched from list – “no such person, some person living below New Ross”. Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Bristlawna) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d)1847 e) 300 f) Stephen 34, Mary 33, Daniel 14, Margaret 10, Ellen 6, Biddy 3. j) Cabin from Mr Carroll.

Brodericka) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 11 f) Thomas 37, Margaret 37, Mick 10, Eliza 8. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Broughana) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 148 f) Richard, Ellen, Alice 25, Bridget 22, Anne 17, Andy 15, Thomas 13.

Broughana) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 28 f) Alice 43, Ann 22, John 19, James 17, Richard 15. j) Cabin and kitchen garden under Mr. Rhames. k) House to come down.

Browne a) Carricknameal b) Carrignameal c) Hacketstown d) 1854 e) 14 f) James 33, Sally 35, Jno 12, James 10, Catherine 8, Eliza 5, Margaret 1. Mother Catherine 55; brother John 25. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Widow Barker.

Brownrigg a) Carrigacrow b) Carrigroe c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 73 f) Peter 50, Mary 45, John 24, Peggy 23, James 20, William 17, Mary 16, Thomas 11, Sarah 10, Brother-in-law James Farrell 27; grandson Michael 2. j) Cabin and 4 acres from Joseph Blake. k) Query as to if James Farrell is living in the same house.

Bryan a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 46 f) Mary 36, James 14, Martin 11. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Rossi) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Bryan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 298 f) John 33, Julia 8, John 6, William 5, James 3. Mother Judith 65; brother James 35. j) Cabin from Michael Hughes.

Bryan a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 179 f) Michael 34, Betty 33, Pat 3, John 6 mths. j) Cabin and 1 rood from Thomas Shiel.

Bryan a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 115 f) Laurence 55, Sarah 30, Larry 28, Wm 26, John 24, Thomas 22, Catherine 13, Mary 18. Margaret Bryan, a widow, 32. (A daughterin-law?), Jessie. j) Cabin from Thomas Neil. k) House to come down. Laurence snr and Sarah, 30 not on NLI Pos 934 list.

Bryan a) Tomacork b) Tomacork c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 134 f) William 30, Bridget 40, Peggy 11, Martin 5. g) Aberfoyle j) Cabin on Sixsmith’s land.

Bryan with Hagerty, Kilcavan, 1848, ref: 96. See below.

Buckley a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 7 f) Mary 40. Sisters

Winny 37, Ann 30, Catherine 26, Catherine’s child, Catherine 2; Daniel Byrne, a foundling, 30. j) Tenant to Mr Grange. k) House to come down. Kitty Mullery her niece, mentioned in side column, but no further information given. All scratched from list except Mary and both Catherines. Chest/Graves in side column.

Buckley a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1854 e) 44 f) Jno 58, Mary 57, Betty 28. Mary Meagher 12. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from George Twamley. g) Chest/Graves in side column.

Burket a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 214 f) John 52, Betty 50, Robert 27, Sarah 25, Ann 23, John 21, James 19, Mary 17, Elizabeth 15, Fanny 13, William 11, Laurence 9. Son-in-law John Walsh 22; grandson Joseph 6 mths. j) 4 acres from Mr. Montford.

Byrne a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 150 f) James, Mary, John 26, Thomas 24, Mary Ann 20, William 18, James 12, Aby 9, Bridget Devereaux, a servant, 23. j) Cabin from William Hughes, convenient to his yard, formerly a dairy. k) Hughes promises never to bring another tenant to his outhouses.

Byrne a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1851 e) 73 f) Kitty 30, Margo 13, Bridget 11, Thomas 17. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 160 f) Mary 49, Mary 20, Betty 22. Betty’s husband John Manger (or Mangan) 25. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Mrs Revell, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 203 f) Thomas 30, Rose 30, Mary 6, John 4, Charles 2. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Michael Byrne, a tenant.

Byrne a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 76 f) Peter 58, Mary 58, Joseph 28, Lawrence 24, Marks 21, Mary Anne 19, Peter 8. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 36 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Byrne a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1851 e) 14 f) Patrick 52, Catherine 54, Mary 25, Michael 22, Elizabeth 19, Margaret 16, Terence 12. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 45 aces from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 28 f) Jno. 35, Margaret 28, Hugh 6, James 4, Jno. 2. j) Cabin from Laurence Byrne. Despite the discrepancies, this looks like the family also listed in 1854. See immediately below.

Byrne a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 40 f) Jno 40, Margaret 30, Hugh 9, James 7, Jno 5, Mick 1. j) Cabin from Larry Byrne. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Byrne a) Ballicionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 1 f) Mary 60, Hugh 22, Catherine 25, Mary 20, Larry 18. g) Petrel h) New Ross j) Cabin and 14 acres. k) Petrel substituted for Dunbrody which did not arrive in time. Query against Catherine – married? The word ‘simpleton’ after Larry’s name. Chest/Graves.

Byrne a) Ballinacorbeg/Rosbawn b) Ballincorbeg c) Derrylossary d) 1848 e) 33 f) Garret 70, Betty 55, William 30, Michael 28, Thomas 26, James 24, John 22, Peggy 20, Ellen 18. g) Jessieh) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 1.5 acres from Mrs Morton. k) Thomas, 26 does not appear on the NLI Pos. 934 list.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e)165 f) Pat 60, Ellen 50, Dolly 24, Martin 23, Biddy 20, Pat 18, Laurence 15, John 12. j) Cabin from Mr Kelly, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 290 f) John 50, Catherine 55, Thomas 24, Margaret 22, Catherine 19, Murtha 18. j) 6 acres from Mr. Brewster, who will take it. k) House to come down. Mr Brewster to pay half the expenses of sending him to America.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 292 f) Pat 30, Jane 27, Thomas 6, Hugh 4, Michael 1. j) House from Mr. Kehoe.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 43 f) Michael 63, Margaret 57, James 30, Margaret 28, Ann 26, Bess 25, Judith 2, Pat 17, Michael 14. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st. i) Quebec. July 25th k) Margaret 28 scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 45 f) Thomas 40, Ann

30, Bess 14, Thomas 11, John 9. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin on Singleton’s late farm. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 51 f) John 43, E38. Nephew John 16; niece Catherine 18. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 65 f) Timothy 40, Thomas 11, John 9, Catherine 7, Mary 5. Mother Catherine Byrne 68. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec. j) Cabin and 19.5 acres from Cullen & Partners. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 2 f) Sarah 57, Mary 20, Catherine 16, Timothy 14. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 42 f) Ann 44, Denis18, Ann 16, Mick 14, Bess 10, Martin 8, William 6. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Griffin. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 10 f) Thomas 44, Anty 44, Eliza 17, Ralph 15, Mary 19, Margaret 14, Edward 12, Martin 10, Peter 9, Thomas 7, Catherine 4, Anne 1. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st. i) Quebec. May 19th. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 25 f) James 50, Catherine 50, Margaret 18, Eliza 15, Ellen 13, John 10, James 3. Betty Byrne 20 – The word ‘chest’ appears after her name, indicating that she brought her own. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec. j) Cabin and half-acre from Mr Chamney. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 37 f) Margaret 50, Mary 26, Pat 24, Jno. 22, Bridget 20, Denis 17, Anne 15, William 12, James 9. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i)Quebec. June 16th k) Fifteen shillings per head allowed. Chest/Graves inside column.

Byrne a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 38 f) Mick 40, Jane 40, Mary 18, Edward 14, Richard 12, Eliza 9, James 3. Julia Byrne 2 – scratched from list. g) Lord Asburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Query will they go? Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Barrenbawn d) 1848 e) 78 f) John 30, Cathrerine 36, Thomas 14, Thomas 11, John 11, William 9, James 2. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Brangan.

Byrne a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 222 f) John 30, his father Thomas 60; bros. Michael 28, Thomas 27, Philip 25, Pat 23, James 21; Friend Ellen Doyle 50. j) 6 acres, part of Kavanagh execs holding.

Byrne a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 37 f) Denis, Bridget, Pat 21, Bridget 17, Hetty 14, Mat 13, James 11, Denis 8,”,”Mogue 5, Catherine 3. j) Cabin and 1 acre from

Catherine and Daniel Byrne, subject to 10/3 per annum, desireable to add to other part of holding.

Byrne a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 98 f) James 42, Mary 44, Daniel 20, Pat 17, Biddy 16, Henrietta 13. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Nowland, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Burkeen b) Burkeen c) Rathnew d) 1847 e) 252 f) Charles 53, Honoria 44, John 22, Andrew 18, James 16, Christopher 14, Margaret 24, Mary 12, Judith 3. j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Byrne a) Coolelug b) Coolalug c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 133 f) James 46, wife Ann 44, children Margaret 20, Hugh 18, Pat 16, Daniel 13, James 11, Thomas 10. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Charles Byrne. k) On passenger list.

Byrne a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 105 f) John 36, Celia 30, William 13, Kitty 10, Pat 6, Mary 4, Betty 2. j) Cabin from his father William, a head tenant of Samuel Lawrenson. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 194 f) Richard 36, Dolly 33, Mary 9, John 5, William 3, Richard 6 mths. Sisters-in-law Ann 23, Sarah 20. j) Cabin from Edward Jones.

Byrne a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 304 f) William 62, Laurence 31, Mary 28.

Byrne a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 85 f) William 37, Elizabeth 36, William 13, John 11, Rachel 9. Ann Byrne 20. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th” i) Quebec. June 1st j) Cabin and 2 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 29 f) James 50, Bridget 38, Denis 13, John 11, Eliza 10, Lousia 8, Teressia 6, Michael 3 g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 19th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 63 f) William, Mary, John 11, Mary 9, Catherine 7, William 5, Michael 15. Ann Breen, niece, 17; neighbour, Ellen White, 18. j) Cabin from Matt Breen.

Byrne a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 32 f) Jno 36, Anne 33, Pat 11, Mary 9, Ellen 7, John 5, Anne 3. j) Cabin from Mick Deegan. k) This family rejected.

Byrne a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 2 f) Mary 59, Martin McAbry(?), a relative, 28; his children Bess 13, Mary 8, Martin 4. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th. j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column

Byrne a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 20 f) Simon 38, Margaret 39, Martin 20, Charles 17, Thomas 16, Pat 14, Peter 11, William 8. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th. k) Chest/Graves in side ledger.

Byrne a) Coolelug b) Coolalug c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 133 f) James 46, Ann 44, Margaret 20, Hugh 18, Pat 16, Daniel 13, James 11, Thomas 10 g) Star h) New Ross April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Charles Byrne.

Byrne a) Coolelugg b) Coolalug c) Kilpipe d) 1853 e) 39 f) Susan 55, Joseph 25, Ellen 20. j) Cabin from Robert Gilbert which he consents to level if sent.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 109 f) John 45, Judy 40, William 22, Thomas 18, Anne 17, Catherine 12, Mary 9, Judy 2. j) Cabin and half-acre from William Carroll.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 14 f) John 42, Judith 40, William 19, Thomas 17, Mary 15, Catherine 13, Judy 5, John 18 mths. j) Half-acre from William Carroll, which he will give up. k) Chest in side column.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 2 f) Silvester, Ann 50, Ann 30, Daniel 27, Ellen 23, Silvester 16, Margaret 14, Honoria 9. j) Tenant of Jospeh Gilbert. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column. Ellen scratched off the list.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 5 f) Margaret 50, Betty 27, Margaret 25, James 23, William 20, Edward 17, Ann 13. (Ann’s name scratched from list). Edward Byrne, Betty’s husband, 30; their children Richard 5, Peggy 3. j)Tenant to Mr Grange. k) House to come down. Edward Byrne does live with her except occasionally. Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 9 d) William 57, Bridget 45, Thomas 24, John 22, Betty 20, William 18, Mary 14, Kitty 11, Lawrence 7, Silvester 5, Michael 12. j) Tenant of Mr Grange. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column. Thomas and Mary scratched from list – ‘not going’.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1851 e) 31 f) Jno. 50, Judith 50, William 21, Thomas 17, Catherine 15, Mary 12, Judith 6, Jno 2. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 3.5 acres from William Carroll, ejected. k) Issued with duplicate ticket, having lost first one. Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1852 e) 48 f) William 54, Bridget 46, Jno 46, Betty 24, William 22, Michael 16, Catherine 14, Lawrence 10, Sil 8. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coolkenna b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 31 f) James, Mary, Mar 2. Sister-in-law Mary 22. j) Cabin and 4 acres from Mrs Hoskins, who will take the land. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Coolkenna b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1849 e) 55 f) John 25, Mary 22, Tom 2. Brothers William 20, James 18. j) Cabin from Richard Sheane. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 52 f) Mick 65, James 25, Mick 22, Ellen 21. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) See ms ref. nos. 52a and 52 b, below. Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 52b f) Edward 35, Biddy 30, Judy 10, Anne 7, Mick 4, Ellen 2. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) With Mick Byrne and family. See ms ref. nos 52 and 52a. Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 14 f) Edward, Mary, Thomas 22, Mary 19, Elizabeth 16. j) Cabin and 1 acre which is to be taken by head tenant. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 163 f) Mary 60, Denis 30, Alice 24, Mary 22, John 18. j) Cabin and half-acre from Jack Twamley. k) To come down.

Byrne a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 173 f) Pat 37, Ann 36, Mary 6, Biddy 4, Ann 18 mths. Sisters Biddy 29, Ann 27. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Thomas Twamley.

Byrne a) Crossbridge b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 16 f) Lory 50, Sarah 22, Mary 17, Charles 13, Ellen 11. j) Lives on Mr Leonard’s late holding.

Byrne a) Drumin Park b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 216 f) Henry 50, Mary 50, Andy 27, Betty 18, John 15, Mary 22, Michael 24, Peter 3. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Ben Murphy.

Byrne a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 46 f) Thomas 60, Margaret 60, Ellen 30, Tom 28, Margaret 24. Son-in-law William Mulhall 30. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin only.

Byrne a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 287 f) William 37, Mary 34, Michael 8, Betty 6, John 4, Pat 2. His mother Mary 70. j) 15 acres from Mr Rhames.

Byrne a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1851 e) 1 f) William 43, Mary 39, Michael 15, Betty 13, John 10, Pat 7, Anne 4, Edward 1. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 15 acres of land. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 1 f) Andy 40 , Catherine 30, John 18, Thomas 16, Denis 13, Ann 9, Alice 3. j) Tenant of Mrs Symes. k) Land given up. House to come down. John and Thomas first rejected but then allowed “being his children”. Chest/Graves in column.

Byrne a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 294 f) Moses 22. Brother Pat 29; sisters Mary 26, Catherine 24. j) Cabin from Michael Doyle, a tenant of Mrs Symes.

Byrne a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 95 f) Mary, James 26, Charles 24, Sarah 25. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Roach, tenant of Mrs Symes. k) A Charles Birney was buried at sea from the ship “Agent”.

Byrne a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 27 f) John 40, wife Bridget 40, children Thomas 15, Anne 6, Betty 4. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Mrs Mary Kavanagh.

Byrne a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 28 f) John 34, wife Mary 34, children Jno.7, Biddy 5, James 4, Pat 18 mths. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Peter Kingston. k) This family on passenger list, his sister Bridget appears on this list but not in the Emigration Book.

Byrne a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 66 f) Bridget 23. Sisters Catherine 21, Mary 14; brother John 19. j) Cabin from William Doyle. k) John and Mary do not belong to the estate. Turned out of cabin.

Byrne a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 144 f) James 44, wife Anne 40, children Simon 19, Sally 18, Biddy 16, Margaret 14, Kitty 12, Bess 10, James 8, Anne 6. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) House and 6.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) This family on passenger list.

Byrne a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 130 f) John, Catherine, Mary 12, Betty 10, James 6, John 3. Niece Sarah 25. j) 8 acres from Michael Byrne,who has a half- holding from James Byrne execs for 6 years to end of March 1849. k) No consent for this from Mr Challoner when letting.

Byrne a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 148 f) Matthew 45, Rose 38, Elizabeth 8, Mary 6, Margaret 3, John 17.

Byrne a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 46 f) Mary 47, James 22, Simon 23, Sarah 17, Mick 14, Miles 12, Mary 9, Biddy 6. j) 11 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/ Graves. Simon scratched from list.

Byrne a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1855 e) 6 f) Mick 60, Betty 60, Mick 29, Sally 20. Grandchild Catherine Kenny 3. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 17 f) John 40, wife Sarah 32, children Elizabeth 15, James 12, Margaret 9, John William 3. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 1 acre from Jno. Dowzer (Dowse?). k) This family on passenger list

Byrne a) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 154 f) Thomas 33, Margaret 29, Michael 5, James 2. Sister Mary 38. j) 13 acres from Pat Byrne’s execs.

Byrne a) Kilpipe/Coolbawn b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 52 f) Matthew 53, wife Rose 46 Andrew 20, Pat 17, Honoria 15, James 14, Ellen 12, Daniel 10, Matt 8, Greg 6. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) House & 32 acres on John Byrne’s holding under ejectment. k) On passenger list, with the addition of Mary 22.

Byrne a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 185 f) Peter, Mary, Ann 21, Larry 18, Mary 16, Judith 14.

Byrne a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1850 e) 11 f) Owen 62, Cathe 50, Thomas 22, Mary 20, Anty 19, Pat 16, Margaret 15, Alice 13, Rose 11, Catherine 10. Peter Russell, sister’s son who lives with ?? Kenny, 26. k) Chest in side column. Query re Peter Russell.

Byrne a) L.Munney b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 32 f) John, Mary, Simon 11, Kitty 7, Peter 3, Daniel 18 mths. Sister Betty 18. j) Cabin from Richard Codd, a head tenant. k) House to be thrown down.

Byrne a) Lr.Munney b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 36 f) Mary 60, Simon 27, Mick 26, Betty 25, John 22. j) Cabin from James Carroll. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Lugduff b) Lugduff c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 25 f) Simon 64, Mary, Ann 34, Mary 19, Betty 25, Tom 22. Betty’s husband ?? Tallon 40; their daughter Biddy 5. Tom’s wife Mary 25. j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Mary snr scratched from list. Note against whole family – “Won’t go”.

Byrne a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 104 f) Luke 23. Mother Ann 60; sisters Ann 25, Mary 24, Bridget 12; brothers, James 18, Richard 16, John 8, Martin 3. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Brownrigg.

Byrne a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 206 f) Michael 28, Sarah 25. Sister Margaret 18. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr. Brownrigg.

Byrne a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 211 f) Laurence 35, Biddy 34, Michael 10, Margaret 7, James 5, Pat 3. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Brownrigg.

Byrne a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 48 f) William, Judith, Bridget 26, John 24, Thomas 22, James & William 18, Joseph 15, Mary 12, Anne 1. j) 8 acres from Mr

Brownrigg. k) Has rather a snug place and an industrious man, would give up his land.

Byrne a) Mullans b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 175 f) Larry 35, Nancy 50, Mary 17, Mary again(!) 11, Miles 7.

Byrne a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 117 f) William, Mary, Ann 14, Maria 12, Bridget 10, Catherine 8, Betty 6, James 2. Daniel McDaniel, a nephew, 14. j) 43 acres from Fitzwilliam. k) In arrears 3 years rent. Expects”,”some allowance for buildings in addition to passage and support.

Byrne a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 91 f) John 35, wife Mary 28, children Simon 12, Peter 6, Kitty 8, Daniel 3; his brothers Patrick 48, James 35. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Richard Codd. k) On passenger list.

Byrne a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 251 f) Mary 62, Simon 26, Betty 24, Michael 30, John 22. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews May 28th j) Cabin and 3 roods from James Carroll.

Byrne a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 66 f) Joseph, Nancy, Judith 21, Bridget 19, Hugh 16. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews. May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Peter Byrne, an undertenant of Capt. Nickson. k) Cabin to come down. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Byrne a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 31 f) Joseph 55, Nancy 56, Biddy 8, Michael 26, Judy 22, Hugh 18. j) Cabin from Capt. Nickson. k) Mick Laughlin attended here and stated he would pull down Byrne’s house. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Byrne a) Muskeagh b) Muskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 3 f) Edward 65, Catherine 60, Hugh 31, Margaret 34, Sarah 29, Bridget 27, Thomas 25, Eliza 23, James 20, Edward 15. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Margaret, Sarah and Thomas scratched from list.

Byrne a) Park Coolruss b) Coolruss c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 86 f) Arthur 55, Bess 50, William 26, Edward 22, Eliza 20, Margaret 19, George 14, Mary 12, Anne 10, Arthur 6, Jane 3 mths. j) 6 acres from a head-tenant Richard Donoghue of Park who will take the land. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 63 f) Ellen 40″,”Anne 15, Ellen 12, Margaret 10. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross, April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) No house. Resides with James Neal. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 73 f) Betty 50, Lawrence 25, Denis 21, Mary 22, Henry 19, Maria 1. j) 22 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 44 f) Samuel 73, Ann 60, Edward 25, James 22, Tom 20, Robert 18, Mary Anne 16, Jane 24. Jane’s husband Leyburn Boggs 21. g) Jane h) New Ross, April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) 4a.1r.34p. from Lord Fitzwilliam. Chest/Graves in sidecolumn.

Byrne a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 56 f) John 45, Eliza 36, Pat 13, Eliza 11, Mary 8, Ann 4. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from James Byrne’s reps. k) Chest/ Graves in side column

Byrne a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 57 f) Pat 52, Ellen 54, Anne 30, Pat 28, Joe 26, Betty 24, Catherine 22, Ellen 16, Mary 14, Nannie 9, Eliza 6, Robert 3. j) Cabin and 2 acres from James Byrne’s reps. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 69 f) John 63, Mary 51, Terence 27, Mary 24, Tom 18, Margaret 16, Biddy 13, Mick 10. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 93 f) Michael 40, Mary 38, Pat 17, Betty 15, John 11, Denis 9, Ann 4, Biddy 2. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1stk) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Ruddenagh b) Roddenagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 43 f) William 56, Catherine 50, Laurence 28, Pat 26, William 21, James 17, Sarah 25, Mary 23″,”Margaret 19, Alicia 15, Catherine 11, Anne 9, Jane 7. j) Cabin and 16 acres from Mr Coates.k) Declines going to America.

Byrne a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1851 e) 47 f) John 70, Bridget 15, Charles 13, James 11, Michael 9. John Carroll 20; Mary Keefe 20. Both scratched from list as they were “at service” g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 135 acres from Thomas Shiel. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Tansey Close b) Tanseyclose c) Rathdrum d) 1848 e) 178 f) Edward 29, Margaret 28, Esther 9, Christopher 7, Charles 2. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from William Gilbert.

Byrne a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 18 f) James, Mary, 23 j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mrs Nowlan of Tombreane, an undertenant of Mr Swan. k) Cabin to be thrown down.

Byrne a) Tomnafinogue b) Tomnafinnoge c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 168a f) Matty 30, Margaret 26 k) Listed with Kennedy family, ms ref 168, 1847.

Byrne a) Tomnaskela b) Tomnaskeala c) Kilpipe d) 1853 e) 60 f) Andrew 44, Bridget 47, Betty 24, Mary 22, Biddy 18, Peggy 15, Anne 12, Essy 10. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin from Robert Gilbert. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Byrne a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 268 f) Mat 40, Fanny 26, Mat 3, Bridget 3 mths. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from John Hawkins.

Byrne a) Tubberlonagh b) Toberlownagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 176 f) John 30, Mary 30, Andy & Dorcas 12, John 10, Michael 8, Thomas 6. g) Swan h) New Ross. June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Jno. Cullen. k) Did not go.

Byrne a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1847 e) 103 f) Pat 43, Ann 38, John 14, James 12, Michael 10, Peter 8, Pat 6, Bridget 4. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Jno. Byrne, his father, a head tenant who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Byrne a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 119 f) John 56, Bridget 75, James 36, Dolly 25. James’ wife Rose 30; their sons James 6, Pat 1. Dolly’s husband Peter
Carroll 36; their son John 1 mth. g) Star h) New Ross April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 12 acres from Lord Fitwilliam. k) The Carrolls not listed with them in NLI 934 – Passanger List

Byrne Ann, with Bowe, Coollattin, 1851, ref: 76

Byrne Daniel, with Buckley, Coolfancy, 1849, ref: 7

Byrne Mick, with Carroll, Coolfancy, 1850, ref: 36

Byrne Edward, with Collins, Molonaskey, 1847, ref: 64

Byrne Pat, with Deegen, Killinure, 1847, ref: 152

Byrne Nessy, with Dolan, Stratnakelly, 1847, ref: 70

Byrne Martin, with Doyle, Hillbrooke, 1847, ref: 124

Byrne Martin, with Fleming, Kilguiggin, 1854, ref: 41

Byrne Essy, with Grey, Ballyraghine, 1847, ref: 57

Byrne Ann, with Hennessey, Ballinulta, 1847, ref: 193

Byrne Anne, with Hennessy, Ballinulta, 1848, ref: 6

Byrne Murtha, with Lyons, Ballyconnell, 1847, ref: 157

Byrne Denis, with Sallenger, Aghold, 1847 ref: 122

Byrne Betty, with Sprat, Urelands, 1848 ref: 132

Byrne Mary, with Summers, Coollattin,1851, ref: 53

Byrne Ann, with Thompson, Coolelugg, 1848, ref: 139

Byrne Mary, with Tomkin, Coolroe, 1848, ref: 64

Caffrey a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 72 f) Michael 30, wife Mary 30, children Anne 15, Esty 13, Kitty 11, Eliza 9, Jane 7, Phil 5, Ellen 3. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Jno. Brownrigg. k) Jane died on voyage. On passenger list.

Caina) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 41 f) Mick 45, Biddy 38, Pat 24, Ned 20, Tom 17, Anne 15, Margaret 14, Jno 10, Mick 4. j) Cabin on boundary of Rashenmore and Mullins. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Tom scratched from list.

Call a) Mucklagh b) Mucklagh c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 65 f) Thomas 48, Catherine 36, Francis 15, Biddy 10, Anne 7, Sally 5, Catherine 18 mths. Sister Anne Call 50. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Charles Byrne. k) Query will sister Anne go?

Call a) Muchlagh b) Mucklagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 4 f) Jno. 40, wife Biddy 30, children James 14, Francis 12, Lawrence 8, Margo 1. G) Star h) New Ross, Arpil 21st i) St.Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Charles Byrne. k) On passenger list.

Carey a) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1850 e) 23 f) Mary 52, Sarah 28, Michael & Mary twins 26, Hugh 24, Margaret 22, Rosannah 20, Thomas 18, Ellen & Catherine twins 16, John 13, James 11. k) Chest in side column.

Carey Mary, with Smith, Hillbrooke, 1849 ref:10

Carney a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1856 e) 3 f) Betty 50, Thomas 17, Elizabeth 14, Daniel 12, Richard 10. g) Woodstock

Carra) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 58 f) William 35, Margaret 35, Mary 15, William 13, George 12, Edward 10, Jno. 8, Sally 6, Margaret 4. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carra) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 87 f) Ger 44, Mary 30 g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carra) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 84 f) Richard 50, Ann 42, Jane 18, William 16, Mary-Anne 14. Ann Carr, niece, 28 g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll, Peter. See Boulger of Tubberpatrick and Byrne of Tubberpatrick.

Carroll a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 39a f) Jno. 60, Betty 63, Mick 33, Margaret 28, Joanna 26, Jno 22, James 20. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Ballycumber b) Ballycumber c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 53 f) John 50, Bridget 40, Mary 17, John 14, James 12, Edward 10. g) Jane h) New Ross. April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd. j) Mrs Symes’ tenant. k)”For the ‘Jane'” written in the side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 15 f) William 50, Mary 52, John 20, Pat 17, Mary 15, Bess 13, Denis 11. Nephew Pat Carroll 14 – with uncle 10 years. j) William Carroll’s tenant. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1850 e) 34 f) James 42, Alice 43, William 12, Thomas 10, John 7, Joshua 5, James 3. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th. i) Quebec. July 3rd. k) Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1850 e) 36 f) Joshua 47, Alice

46, Catherine 16, Mary 14, William 13, Matt 6. Mick Byrne 40. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th. i) Quebec. July 3rd k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1850 e) 37 f) William 40, Rose 40, Catherine 16. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th. i) Quebec. July 3rd. j) Chest in side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1851 e) 62 f) John 48, Bridget 45, William 22, Catherine 19, Ann 17, John 15, Mary 13, Peter 11, Pat 9. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1852 e) 47 f) Edward 56, Mary 53, Pat 28, Ann 26, James 24, Anty 22, Bess 20, Bridget 18, Cornelius 15, Edward 13. g) Lord

Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 18 f) Margaret 25. Sisters: Anne 23, Bridget 21, Dorothea 15.

Carroll a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 4 f) Mary 28. Sisters: Ann 26, Bridget 21, Dolly 16. g) Harmony h) New Ross k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Carroll a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 79 f) Philip 40, Mary 22, John 10, James 7, Catherine 6, Phelix 3, Michael 2. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17 i)Quebec k) Cabin from Rev Mr Cummins.

Carroll Peter with Boulger, Tubberpatrick, 1848, ref:140

Carroll John with Byrne, Sleanmoe, 1851, ref: 47

Carroll Peter with Byrne, Tubberpatrick, 1848, ref: 119

Carroll James with Welsh, Collattin, 1851, ref: 18

Carty a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 68 f) Michael, Elizabeth, Denis 4, Pat 2.5, Charles 6mths. Brother Charles; sisters Mary and Ann. j) 9.75 acres from Earl Fitzwilliam. k) Would give it up and”,”emigrate, provided he gets some allowance for land and crop instead of passage and support. Carty is blind.

Cassidy a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 140 f) John 26. Brothers Henry 24, Pat 20. j) Cabin and half-acre from Ralph Kerrivan.

Cassidy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 12 f) Thomas, Bridget,

William 8, Mary 6, Dan 3, Sister Fanny 20; 1st cousin Biddy Neal 17. g) Standard h) New Ross, April 21st i) Grosse Islej) 3 acres from Mr. Brown, a head tenant on Abraham Coates’ late holding, who will take possession. k) House to come down. The two Cassidys (see ms ref 13) lived in one house. Dan died on board the “Standard” at Grosse Isle in June 1847.

Cassidy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 13 f) John, Bridget, Bridget 11, William 9, James 3, Mary 1. Brother-in-law John Harman 28. j) House and kitchen garden from Mr Brown. k) House to come down. Lived with Cassidys ms ref 12.

Cassidy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 72 f) William, Mary, William

27, Samuel 26, Eliz. 25, James 23, Pat 21, Mat 19, Michael? 17, Pat 15, Mary 13, Bridget 11. Samuel’s wife Mary 28. j) 19 acres from Mr Browne, a head tenant, who holds it from execs of Abraham Coates. k) Browne to take land and to see Mr Challoner about the house.

Clackson Biddy, with Evans, Aghold, 1847, ref: 208

Clackson with Keppell, of a) Tullowclay, b) Tullowclay d)1847 e) 80 f) Mary, James, James’s wife Bridget; their daughter Mary 18 mths. k) Query about this family. They state that they have lived with the Keppells for some time.

Clare a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 89 f) Hugh, Mary, Edward 20, Alice 17, John 14, Mary 12, Margaret 8, Catherine 5, Hugh 2.5 yrs, Mary Shanks, mother-in-law. j) Cabin from Isaac Straghan. k) House to come down.

Clare Thomas, with Connors, Motybower, 1851, ref:16

Clare John, with Kavanagh, Kilcaven, 1848, ref: 137

Clare Catherine, with Neal, Ballagh

Cleary a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 24 f) Simon 70, Ellen 60, Catherine 35, Phil 32, Margaret 25, Pat 22, William 18, Edward 16, Simon 14. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin and garden from Mr Leonard. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Clinch a) Knockadoomcoyle b) “Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 30 f) Jane 5, Andy 14, Catherine 12, Lawrence 10, Mary 7. j) Cabin from Widow Whelan.

Coady a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1848 e) 49 f) Pat 44, Mary 42, Thomas 21, Mary 17, Mick 11, Pat 9, William 3. j) Cabin from Anthony Lawrence. Has let a part of his house to a man from Ballybegg about a year back who is still in possession.

Coady a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1850 e) 28 f) Pat 35, Mary 40, Mary 15, Michael 12, Pat 9, Thomas 4. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st. i) Quebec. May 11th. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Coates Charlotte, with Foster, Ballykelly, 1851, ref: 6

Codd a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 85 f) Margaret, Fanny 25, Eliza 18, James 10, John 20, Mary 19, Ann 17. j) 4 acres from Mr Browne who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Codd a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 51 f) John 33, wife Sarah 30, daughter Margaret 2; brother. William 25, sister Jane 22, cousin John Codd 21. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st I) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Captain Nickson k) Has given up his land. On passenger list.

Coghlan a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1853 e) 62 f) James 37, Mary, sister, 26 g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin from Jno. Kavanagh. k) Graves/Chest in side column.

Coghlan a) Killibegge b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 2 f) Dorah. Brothers Martin 17, Pat 14. g) Confiance h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) House to come down. Passage and ten shillings per head. Chest/Graves in side column.

Coghlin a) Larragh b) Laragh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 71 f) Peter, Margaret, Judith 26, Elizabeth 24, Margaret 22, Thomas 20, John 28. j) Cabin and 1 acre from James Wall, a head tenant, who will take possession.

Coghlin a) Park b) Park c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 174 f) Thomas 50, Margaret 40, John 18, Thomas 11, Mary 14, Biddy 7, Ellen 5. g) Swan New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Samuel Goodison.

Collier Peggy, with Lee, Coolfancy, 1849, ref:12

Collier William, with Mullery, Coolfancy, 1849, ref: 3

Collins a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 8 f) Patrick 52, Margaret 48, Mary 27, Bess 25, Ann 23, Catherine 20, Pat 18, Thomas 15, William 7, Margaret 4. j) Tenant of Mr Grange. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Collins a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 22 f) John 27, Brothers & sisters Esther 25, Bridget 24, Thomas 23, Sarah 21, Catherine 19, Pat 16, Philip 14. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st. i) Quebec. May 11th. k)One more added to this family after the list was sent to Graves.

Collins a) Molanasky b) Mullannaskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 64 f) Mary 45, Margaret 26, Mary 22, Ann 18, Mick 16, John 14, Eliza 11, Jane 9, Margaret’s husband Edward Byrne 30; their son James 9; daughters Mary 7, Sarah 3. j) House and kitchen garden from head tenant Stephen Morris. k) House to come down.

Collins a) Moyne b) Moyne c) Moyne d) 1853 e) 8 f) Jno. 37, Mary 37, Pat 12, Denis 10, Andrew 7, Jno. 4. j) 10 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Collins Ann & Jane, with Grandy, Cronehorn, 1850, ref: 35

Commerel Ellen, with Gethins, Coolfancy, 1849, ref: 6

Condell a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1855 e) 3 f) Joseph 43, Anne 32, Margaret 6, Sarah 2. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Condell a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 48 f) Sarah 44, Robert 10, Elizabeth 4. j) Cabin and 4 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) The word ‘chest’ in side column.

Condell a) Rathbawn b) Rathbane c) Hacketstown d) 1850 e) 12 f) William 33, Mary 28, Maria 10, William 8, Eliza 6, George 3. Thomas 1. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Connell a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 264 f) Edward 47, Anne 50, James 16, Margaret 12. j) 3.5 acres from James Byrne.

Connelly a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 116 f) Mary 35, Biddy 11, Rose 9, Kitty 7, Sarah 4. Sister Sarah 30. j) Cabin from Thomas Neil. To come down.

Connerin a) Kilquiggan b) Kilguiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 5 f) Jno. 37, Catherine 35, Fanny 7, Denis 4, Tom 2. j) Cabin from Thomas Wall.

Connerin a) Larragh b) Laragh c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 19 f) Mick 30, Mary 22, Nicholas 2. Brothers Jno 28, Pat 24, Edward 20; sister Mary 26. j) Tenant to Joseph Hopkins. Cabin and 1 rood.

Connerin a) Rasnastraw b) Rosnastraw c) Kilpipe d) 24 e) Betty 50, children Jno. 23, Catherine 25, Betty 16, James 14; brother-in-law Jno. Dempsey 33 & his son James Dempsey 2. f) Cabin fron Jno.New. g) All on passenger list.

Conners a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 170 f) John 29, Ann 27, Ann 7, Mary 5, Frances(?) 3. Sisters Mary 24, Jane 22 – query both. Mother-in-law Mary 70; brother-in-law Michael 21. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Ireland.

Conners a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 158 f) John 35, Catherine 30, Essy 11, Margaret 9, Bess 8, Nicholas 4, Timothy 1. Sisters-m-law Margaret 21, Bess 23 (Bess scratched out). j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Leybourn, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Conners a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 260 f) James 40, Catherine 42, Laurence 16, John 14, Michael 12, Rose 10, Mary 8. Sister-in-law Biddy 30. j) Cabin from William Leybourn.

Conners a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 48 f) Denis 50, Dolly 40, Catherine 18, Mary 16, Bartholomew 15, Sarah 10, Michael 6. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Conners a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 31 f) Ann 40, Sisters Jane 35, Anty 28. j) Cabin from Robert Collier. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Conners a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 259 f) Michael 44, Ellen 42, William 12, Michael 10, Peggy 8, Catherine 6, Elizabeth 4. j) 8 acres from Mrs Symes.

Conners a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1854 e) 43 f) Pat 48, Mary 47, Andy 22, Jane 20, Mary 16, Hannah 14, Biddy 11. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from D. Kavanagh.

Conners a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 87 f) Bryan 34, Catherine 29, Margaret 8, Bridget 3. Sister Margaret 30; sister-in-law Betty Conners 30. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from head tenant Pat Neal. k) House to come down.

Conners a) Knocknaboly b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 147 f) Jane, James, Bridget. k) Will forfeit 40 shillings a year pension which she has from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Conners a) Monaghullen b) Mungacullen c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 101 f) John 32, Bridget, his mother, 60. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Abraham, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Conners with (Trainery?), Tombreane, 1847, ref: 75

Conners with Bride,Tombreane, 1847, ref: 32

Conners with Murphy, Hillbrooke, 1847, ref: 263

Connor a) Tighlin d) 1848 e) 181 f) Peter 50, Mary 40, John 21, Alice 18, Laurence 13, Mary 11, Peter 7. Denis Redmond 35. g) Swan h) New Ross. June 9th i) Quebec

Connors a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 9 f) Francis 60, Ann 56, Michael 28, Mary 24, Catherine 22, Margaret 20, Ellen 18, James 15, Ann 9. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 5.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Connors a) Motybower b) Motabower c) Co Wexford d) 1851 e) 16 f) Robert 57, Bessy 70, Bess 29, Rebecca 27. Rebecca’s husband Thomas Clare 30; their children Robert 9, Thomas 7, Jno. 5, Bess 3, Biddy 1. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 8 acres from Fitzwilliam. Bess scratched from list -‘no such person, wants to take a servant of George Braddell named Bess Prestley’. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Connors a) Motybower b) Motabower c) Co Wexford d) 1851 e) 26 f) Thomas 59, Catherine 53, James 30, Jno 25, William 22, Thomas 18, Robert 16, Edward 12. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 3.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Note stating that James”,”dead in America – (Thomas) wants to take a boy off McDaniel’s farm.”

Connors with Bride, Tombreane, 1854 ref: 32

Connors with Trainery, Tombreane, 1847 ref: 75

Cooper a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 2 f) Alice 53, Mary 23, Jno 21, Robert 16, Ann 14, Bess Wilson, niece, 24. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin only. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Cosgrove see Cosker below.

Cosker a) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 76 f) Robert 53, Bridget 53, John 31, Catherine 29, Margaret 27, Bess 27, Anne 23, Mary 21, Robert 19, William 17. g) Bridgetown i) New Ross. April 18th k) Quebec. June 1st j) 7 acres from Dr. deRenzy. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Anne scratched from list and note stating ‘dead since name given’. This family’s name was actually Cosgrove or Cosgrave but wwere locally called Cosker and this is
the name in the register.

Cousins a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 210 f) Michael 36, Catherine 33, Michael 11, John 6, James 1, Mary 3. g) Colonist h) New Ross, July 12th i) Grosse Isle. August 24th j) Cabin from Mr Smith. k) Catherine died in hospital on 29/8/47

Crank a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 145 f) Charles 33, Mary 33, Fanny 2. Brother-in-law William Manly 30. j) Cabin on Slater’s farm.

Creemeena) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 197 f) Pat 40, Mary 26, Denis 6, Betty 3, Hannah 18 mths. Sister Ann 21. j) 20 acres from William Ireland.

Creemeena) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d)1851 e) 46 f) Charlotte 40, William 18, Pat 15, Ellen 13, Bess 9. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Mr Ireland. k) Wants to get a girl of Thomas Twamley’s in. Chest/Graves in side column.

Creemeena) Larragh b) Laragh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 106 f) James, Ann, William 20, Edward 17, Elizabeth 15, Thomas 13, John 10. j) Cabin from James Wall. To come down.

Creemeenwith Jordan, Ballinulta, 1847 ref: 67

Cuffe a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1847 e) 247 f) James 50, Mary 48, William 22, Martha 4, Anthony 3. j) Cabin and 6 acres from Mr Edge. k) This family on the “Supplementary List”.

Cuffe a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1847 e) 248 f) John 37, Ann 37, Mary 15, Ellen 14, George 7. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Mr Edge. k) This family on the “Supplementary List”. See record 299 for 1847

Cuffe a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1848 e) 35 f) John 37 g) Anne 36, Mary 15, Ellen 13, George 9. Sister-in-law Sarah Hopkins 20. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 1.5 acres from David Edge. k) House to come down.

Cullen a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 87 f) Patrick 38, wife Ellen 40, children James 16, Michael 11. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from James Griffin. k) On passenger list.

Cullen a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 74 f) Daniel 33, Ann 33, Honoria 9, Mary 3, Margaret 11 mths. j) 15a.3r.0p. Chest/Graves in side column.

Cullen with Hatch, Cronelea, 1847 ref:178

Cummerford a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 192 f) Paddy 66, Mary 55, George 30, John 28, Cathe. 26, Maria 24, Ann 22, Jane 20, Betty 18, Pat 16. j) 6 acres from Mr Singleton.

Cummerford a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 42 f) Mary 64, George 30, John 27, Catherine 23, Maria 22, Ann 18, Jane 17. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st. i) Quebec. July 25th k) George’s name scratched from list.. Chest/Graves in side column.

Cumminsa) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 33 f) Bridget 52, Anne 20. Michael 18, Laurence 16, Thomas 14, Bridget 13, Richard 11, Mary 8. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th i) Quebec. July 3rd k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Cumminsa) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 95 f) Thomas 48, Ann 50, Richard 21, Mary 18, Ellen 16, Martha 13, Ann 22. Ann’s husband Pat Kerrivan 25; their children Mary 4, John, an infant.

Curran a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 4 f) Ann 58, Peggy 25, Bridget 23, Mary 20, Michael 28. Michael’s wife Ellen 25; their children Charles 5, Anne 3. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th. j) 6 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Query if Michael and his family will go? Chest/Graves in side column.

Curran a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 21 f) Margaret 47, John 23, Honoria 20, Dolly 17, Mary 14, Margaret 8. Miles Kishley, an orphan, 6. j) Mrs Symes tenant. Has given up 3 acres and produces a certificate that the house will come down. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Curren a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 29 f) Charles 40 g) Mary 35, Margaret 8, Bess 6, Michael 4, Charles 2. j) 3.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. Chest/Graves in side column.

Curren a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 70 f) Pat 40, Mary 36, Michael 17, Ann 14, James 12, Mary 9, Charles 18 mths. Pat Toole 30, brother-in-law. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Curren a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 105 f) John 50 g) Mary 50, Edward 27, John 25, William 21, Mary 19. j) Cabin and 6 acres from Mrs Leonard.

Curren a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 236 f) Pat 61, Mary 59, Charles 34, Mary 22. j) 7 acres from Mr Edge.

Dagg a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 6 f) Edward 40, Eliza 33, Hannah 8, Robert 4. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) His mother had 14a.3r.35p. from Lord Fitzwilliam. She is 70 – too old to emigrate. k) Chest/Graves in side column. See ref no 6a, 1853, below.

Dagg a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 6a f) Brothers & sisters: Lally, a foundling 20 – as a servant; William 38, Fanny 30, Susan 14, John 9, Robert 3. k) All these scratched from list with the note “These are not on the land, lodge convenient to the place”

Dalton a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1852 e) 44 f) Richard 40, Biddy 35, Pat 10, Ann 6, Joe 4, Mary an infant. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Datha) Ballinguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 100 f) John 60, Margaret 53, Henry 27, Robert 25, Mary 23, William 21, Martha 19, Margo 15, Hannah 13. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from John Hanon. House to come down. Robert and William not on NLI Pos. 934 list, but John Byrne added.

Death with Freeman, Towerboy, 1849 ref: 80

Decorsey with Dolan, Stratnakelly, 1847 ref: 70

Deegan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 152 f) James 59, Mary 54, Pat 14, Alice 27. Pat McMahon, a servant, 19; Pat Byrne, Alice’s husband, 31; their children Pat 7, James 5, Margaret 2. See Notes in original register for 1847 for full details of lease.

Deegan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 215 f) James, Catherine, 42, Mary 14, Ann 12, James 11, John 10, Joesph 9, Nessy 7. j) 6 acres from Robert Brown.
Deegan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 13 f) William 38, Catherine

36, Margaret 17, James 14, Mary 11, Alice 8, Michael 4, Ann 2. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Brown. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Margaret scratched from list.

Deegan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 31 f) James 52, Catherine 48, Mary 22, Ann 19, Elizabeth 17, Essy 14, James 15, Jno. 12, Denis 6. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin and kitchen garden on Brown’s holding. k) Graves/Chest in side column. Elizabeth scratched from list.

Deegan a) Monaghullen b) Mungacullen c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 112 f) Denis 35, Mary 34, Margaret 16, Edward 14, Mary 10, Bess 8, Denis 6, Ann 4. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from John Abraham, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Deegan a) Muskeagh b) Muskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 43 f) Mary 50, Mick 28, Margaret 20, John 9. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Deegan with McDaniel, Coolroe, 1849 ref: 24

Deegon a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 50 f) Mick 28, Catherine 28, Margaret 8, Anne 5, Mick 3. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Pat Lawlor.

Dempsey a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 15 f) James 47, Eliza 46, Peter 22, Mary 20, Eliza 18, John 12, Thomas 9, Anne 6, Margaret 4, Pat 1. Mary’s husband James Doyle 36; their son John 7 mths. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dempsey a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 299 f) Michael 50, Mary 45, Thomas 26, Mary 24, Ann 21, Catherine 18, Pater 16, James 14, Jane 13, Michael 9, John 6, Bess 4. Cabin and 1.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Dempsey a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 57 f) Judy 50, Essie 15, Luke 13, James 10. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin only. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dempsey with Connerin, Rasnastraw, 1848, ref: 24

Devereaux with Byrne, Aghold, 1847 ref: 150

Dewey a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 109 f) John, Brothers James 21, Pat 19; sisters Ann 17, Mary 15. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Conners who has part of James Conners execs holding.

Digby a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 52 f) George, Catherine, Eliza 5, Susan 3.5, Mary-Ann 2. j) Cabin from Captain Nickson. k) Query?

Dillon with Balf, Hillbrooke,1847 ref: 120

Dillon with Twamley, Rosnakill, 1852 ref: 42

Dockerill with Bates, Ballinulta, 1847, ref: 146

Dolan a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 209 f) John 35, Ann 31, Catherine 15, Thomas 12, Jane 10, Mary Ann 6. Brothers-in-law William 29, John 28. j) Cabin from James Kelly.

Dolan a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 27 f) Stephen 45, Bridget 44, Pat 15, Ann 13, Thomas 11, Catherine 8, Rose 5, Biddy 1, James 7. j) 12 acres from Mr Rhames who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Dolan a) Monaghcullen b) Mungacullen c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 139 f) Martin 40, Peggy 41, Betty 20, Thomas 18, Mary 16, Peggy 14, John 10, Catherine 4. j) Cabin and large kitchen garden from James Keeley. To come down.

Dolan a) Strathnakelly b) Stranakelly c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 70 f) Michael, Mary, Philip 25, Peter 23, Mary 21, Catherine 18. Philip’s wife Mary 20; their daughter Ann 9mths. Mary Decorsey 20, Nessy Byrne 32. j) 1 acre from Jno. Hopkins, a head tenant who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Donagan a) Tomnifinogue b) Tomnafinnoge c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 307 f) Nessy 40, Judith 20, Margaret 18, Peter 16, Pat 14.

Donaghuea) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 191 f) Michael 55, Mary 50, Michael 22, Biddy 20, Sylvester 18. j) 0.75 acres from Mr Revell. k) A Michael Donahoe, 60, died on Grosse Isle between Aug 1st and 7th. Had arrived on “Pandora”.

Donaghuea) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 309 f) Pat 62, Bridget 55, Timothy 30, John 28, Rose 26, Michael 24, Thomas 22, Mary 20, Laurence 18.

Donaghuea) Kilquiggan b) Kilquiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e) 153 f) Ann 35, Thomas 14, Michael 10, Maria 12.

Donercy or Dorcey a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 83 f) Thomas, Betty, Peter 7, John 5, Mary 10 days.j) 5.5 acres from Mr Rhames who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Donnelly a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 175 f) Redmond 60, Mary 59, Michael 30, Bartholomew 27, Mary 25, James 23, Jane 21, Catherine 19, Peggy 19. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Singleton.k) A Mary Donnelly died on Grosse Isle between July 4 and 10. Arrived on the “Progress”.

Donnelly a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 65 f) James, Catherine, Bess, James – all adults (over 14) j) Cabin and half-acre from head-tenant William Ireland. k) House to come down.

Donnelly a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 15 f) Bartholomew 55, Joanna 45, Catherine 21, Michael 18, Jane 14, Miles 10. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 6 acres from Mrs Chamney. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Donnelly with Mara, Ballinulta, 1847 ref:54

Donnely a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 281 f) Thomas 28, Dolly 33. j) Cabin from Michael Doyle.

Donoghuea) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 55 f) James 57, Anty 57, Biddy 19, Ellen 16, Pat 12. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam on Butler & Donoghue holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Donoghuewith Summers, Hillbrooke, 1847 ref: 289

Doolan a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1848 e) 124 f) James 48, Kitty 38, Catherine 6, Mary 4. j) Cabin from Mr. Revell. k) House to come down.

Doolan a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 49 F0 Pat, Ellen, Thomas 19, John 16, Pat 15, Mick 12, Catherine 9, Mary 7. His father Thomas 65. j) Cabin from Mrs Chamney. To come down.

Doran a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 25 f) Pat 34, Pat Welsh 16; William Welsh 12; Mary Shearman (?) 27. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dorcey a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 296 f) James 45, Margaret 40, Biddy 22, Edward 19, Pat 16. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Singleton.

Dorcey a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 5 f) Thomas 23. Sisters Eliza 21, Mary 11; brothers Patrick 17, Michael 12. j) 5 acres part of a holding of 16a.2r.17p. which would be given up if sent out.

Dorcey a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 16 f) Jane 36, James 22, Mary 20, Catherine 18, Miles 16, Peter 12. j) House and kitchen garden from Samuel Griffin to be given up. k) James scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Dorcey a) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 180 f) Peggy 30, Brothers & sisters: Daniel 26, Sarah 25, Mary 15, Ann 13,”,”James 17. j) Cabin from James Byrne, Kilpipe. k) Did not go.

Dorcey or Doncey, a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 83

Downs a) Gurteen alias Green Hall b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 20 f) Daniel 40, Mary 40, Anne 15, Eliza 12, Kate 9, Mary 6, Michael 3. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 2 acres from John James.

Dowzer a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 107 f) George 32, Margaret 22. Brother Samuel 23; sister-in-law Eliza 20. j) House and 4 acres from George Rothwell.

Doyle a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 219 f) Pat 35, Biddy 34, Mary

12, Betty 10, James 6, Bridget 9 mths, Pat 3. Cousin Pat Doyle 20 j) 13 acres from Fitzwilliam, part of Pat & Hugh holding.

Doyle a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 43 f) Mary 50, Honoria 26, Thomas 20. j) Cabin from an undertenant of Mr Drury’s who is a head tenant. Cabin to come down.

Doyle a) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 30 f) Jno. 23, Bridget 22, Peggy

2.5 years. Brother Daniel 21; sister Mary 18 – neither will go. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st j) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 2 acres from the late Thomas Smith’s holding now in the possession of Mrs Pearce.

Doyle a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 310 f) Pat 60, Ann 50, Margaret 23, James 22, Ann 12.

Doyle a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 33 f) Michael 30, Bridget 36, James 6, John 2. g) Confiance h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) House down. There was an unspecified query about this entry.

Doyle a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 277a f) Thomas 40, Peggy 35, Michael 9, Honoria 7, Catherine 4. His mother Honoria 80; brother James 25. j) Cabin from Jno. Doyle. k) James to get £3 in lieu of pension.

Doyle a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 58 f) Matt, Mary, Rose 12, Mary 10, Eliza 6. j) Cabin from Michael Byrne, an undertenant of Joseph Griffin. k) House to come down.

Doyle a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 40 f) Darby 35, No name 35, Hannah 6, Pat 3, Infant. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st i) Quebec. July 25th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 64 f) James 40, Betty 50, John 14, Mary 13. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec j) Cabin on Singleton’s late holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 15 f) Rose 60, Loughlin 26, Mary 30, Margaret 24, Jno 18, Catherine 24, Eliza 16, Darby 8. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 1 acre at Boley bridge under Joseph Graham. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Eliza scratched from list.

Doyle a) Bullingate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 28 f) Jno.60, Winny 59, Mick 34, Margaret 26, Thomas 33, Jno. 22, Mary 30. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30thj) 7 acres from Henry Braddell. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Carrickacrow b) Carrigroe c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 179 f) William 36, Etty 26, James 11, Cathe. 8, Ann 6, Pat 2.5. j) 9 acres, part of a holding in lease to Jno. Lawrence. k) Did not go.

Doyle a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 8 f) Thomas 56, Biddy 56, Biddy 22, John 20, Mary 18, Catherine 16, Ann 12. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 10 acres from Mr Chamney. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Coolkenno b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 93 f) Bridget, Henrietta22, Mary 20, Eliza 18, Jane 17, Michael 13, Pat 10, Catherine 7, Simon 4. j) 1 acre from William

Lennon, a head tenant, who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Doyle a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1852 e) 25 f) Michael 60, Margaret 27, James 27, Thomas 23, Ellen 21, Mick 19, Mary 17 g) Confiance h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) House down. Passage only. Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Coolruss b) Coolruss c) Kilcommon/Moyacomb d) 1851 e) 43 f) Betty 60, Kitty 23, Bess 26. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i)Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Thomas Carroll. Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Coolruss b) Coolruss c) Kilcommon/Moyacomb d) 1851 e) 44 f) Pat 30, Mary 30, Mary 6, Thomas 4, Pat 2. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th. j) Cabin from Thomas Carroll. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Coolruss Park b) Coolruss c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 10 f) Peter 28, Kitty – youngest sister – 5., Honoria, his mother, 55; Brothers & sisters Michael 20, John 18, Mary 15, Betty 13, Bridget 12, James 11, Thomas 12. j) 1 acre from Richard Donoghue, a head tenant, who will take possession. k) House to come down. An Honora Doyle, 63, died on Grosse Isle between July 4 and 10. Arrived “Progress”.

Doyle a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 145 f) Martin, Mary, Mary 6, Ellen 4, Ann 2. j) Cabin – query if to be thrown down. k) NOT TO BE SENT!

Doyle a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 39 f) Mary 49, Andrew 29, Henry 28, Nicholas 26, Moses 23, James 19. j) 1 acre from Thomas Twamley. k) House won’t come down.

Doyle a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 14 f) Mary 55, Andy 31, Nicholas 29, Moses 27, Ellen 25, James 21. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 1 acre from F. Twamley.k) Ellen scratched from list. Chest/Grave in side column.

Doyle a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 58 f) Charles 52, Peggy 50, Stephen 20, Thomas 17, Mary 13, Peter 9. j) Cabin and 4.5 acres from Mr Dowse?

Doyle a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 30 f) Charles 53, Margaret 50, Stephen 23, Thomas 20, Mary 15, Peter 13. j) 5 acres from Robert & Henry Dowse. k) Rejected.

Doyle a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 10 f) Charles 55, Margaret 54, Stephen 24, Thomas 22, Mary 18, Peter 16. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) 5 acres of land. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 124 f) Owen, Mary, Kitty 25, Charles 23, Mary 20, James 19, Owen 17, Pat 15, Rose 13, Peggy 10, Ann 7, Miley 2. Martin Byrne (Kitty’s husband); their child Miley 6 mths. j) 9 acres from Mrs Symes. k) Will give it up on getting an allowance in addition to passage and support.

Doyle a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 59 f) Owen, Catherine. His mother Catherine; sister Biddy; brother Pat – all over 14. j) 6 acres from Mrs Symes which will be added to the adjoining undertenant’s holding.

Doyle a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 170 f) James 44, Mary 38, Pat 19, Anne 15, Catherine 10, Jane 5. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec

Doyle a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 146 f) Betty 56, James 29, Pat 27, John 25, Peter 20, Denis 15, Mary 23,, Bess 21, Margaret 17. g) Jessie, May 17th h) New Ross i) Quebec j) 2 acres from James Doyle. k) James 29, not on NLI Pos. 934 list.

Doyle a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 37 f) Ellen 50, John 30, Owen 28, Margaret 25, James 23, Elizabeth 25. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 1.5 acres on Doyle’s farm under ejectment. k) Owen not on NLI Pos. 934 list.

Doyle a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1853 e) 42 f) Jno. 30, Morgan, brother, 27; sister Biddy 22. j) 2 acres from George Graham. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1855 e) 4 f) Laurence 50, Anty 40, Margaret 16, Catherine 13, Anne 8. k) Won’t go.

Doyle a) Kilballyowen b) Killballyowen c) Preban d) 1849 e) 36 f) John 37, Anne 33, Eliza 7, Owen 5, James 2. j) 2 acres on Jno Doyle’s holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 23 f) Martin 34, Catherine 34, Ellen 15, Mick 14, Peter 6, Kitty 3. Sister Betty Doyle 25. j) Cabin from Thomas Symes, on part of Reid’s land.

Doyle a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 108 f) Pat, Biddy, Ann 10, Essy 7, Pat 4, Biddy 6 mths. j) Cabin from Widow Walsh, a head tenant, part of holding in the name of William Walsh. House to come down.

Doyle a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 22 f) Pat 60, Catherine 50, Honoria 28, Mary 22, Biddy 20, Ann 18, Catherine 16, Betty 14, Margaret 12, Pat 10. j) 9 acres from James Hughes execs, still in lease. k) Will give it up on getting compensation in addition to passage and support. See Notes in 1847 register for full details.

Doyle a) Kilmalone d) 1852 e) 41 f) James 40, Judy 35, Gregory 10, Lucretia 8, Biddy 6, Mary 3, Christopher an infant. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Doyle a) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1854 e) 15 f) Thomas 28. Brother Mick 25; nephew Mick 4. j) Cabin from Robert Gilbert.

Doyle a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 30 f) John, Catherine, Pat 1. Sisters Biddy 27, Catherine 26, Mary 32; brother Thomas 26. j) 1.5 acres from John Kehoe who has part of a holding of 13a.2r.11p. in the name of Daniel Kehoe & Partners. k) Will be taken by Mr Kehoe. House to come down.

Doyle a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 110 f) John 30, Catherine 26, Pat 4. Brother Thomas 26. j) Cabin from John Kehoe. k) House to come down.

Doyle a) Mucklagh b) Mucklagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 7 f) John 30, Catherine 35, Mary 7, Jno. 4, Pat 18 mths. Sister Sarah 23. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Charles Byrne.

Doyle a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 234a f) John 36, Ann 35, Dolly 11, Ann 9, Peggy 4, Mary 1. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Revd James Cummins(?). k) This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Doyle a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 55 f) Jno. 35, Ann 35, Dolly 13, Ann 11, Peggy 4, Mary 2. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mrs. Cummins. k) This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Doyle a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 159 f) James 45, Bridget 20, Margaret 18, Thomas 16, Eliza 14, Martin 12, Mary 10. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 11 acres.

Doyle a) Tomnaschaley b) Tomnaskeala c) Kilpipe d) 1853 e) 32 f) Thomas 23. Brother Michael 20; sister Mai 27; nephew Michael 7. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Robert Gilbert.

Doyle with Dempsey, Ballard, 1850 ref: 15

Doyle with McGormick, Stratnakelly, 1847 ref: 281

Dunn a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 276 f) Mary 47, Ann 20, James

18, Peter 16, John 14, Catherine 12, Richard 9, Biddy 6. j) 4 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) This family also listed in 1852. See below.

Dunn a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 34 f) Mary 50, Anne 26, Jane

24, Peter 21, John 18, Catherine 14, Richard 11, Bridget 9. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Query – has not a child died since? Fifteen shillings a head support. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Dunn a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 21 f) John 36, Ann 26, Michael 18 months. j) 4 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam, part of William Dunn’s holding.

Dunn a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 10 f) Daniel 51, Catherine 43, Susan 16, Elizabeth 14, Catherine 11, Anne 9, twins Lucy & Maria 7, Sarah 5, Margaret 3. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 8.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dunn a) Lugduff b) Lugduff c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 74 f) Pat 40, Judy 34, John 16, Bess 14, Pat 12, Mary 10, Edward 8, Anne 6, Ellen & Catherine 3. g) Swan h) New Ross. June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr. Grange.

Dunn a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 1 f) Pat 40, Ann 40 – originally listed as ‘wife’ but this was scratched out. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dunn a) Rathbawn b) Rathbane c) Hacketstown d) 1848 e) 92 f) Francis 40, Lucy 40, Betty 19, William 17, John 15, Luke(?) 13, Susan 11, Ann 8, Kitty 6, Mary 4. j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Dunn a) Rathbawn b) Rathbane c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 82 f) Frank 43, Lucy 41, Betty 20, William 18, John16, Luke 13, Anne 10, Catherine 7, Mary 4. j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Dunn with Keefe, Racott, 1851 ref: 74

Eagers a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 288 f) Charles 50, Jane 50, Joshua 25, Thomas 18, Charles 16. Ann (Jackson) 32. Ann’s husband Joseph Jackson 32; their children Mary 5, Alice 9 mths, Benjamin 3. j) House and 1.5 acres from Mr Straghan.

Early a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1851 e) 38 f) Bryan 52, Anne 44, John 13, Mary 8. j) 12 acres from Jno Kenny. k) Rejected. This family also listed in 1853 and 1854. See below.

Early a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 2 f) Bryan 54, Ann 48, John 14, Mary 10. j) 18 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) This family also listed in 1851 and 1854. See above.

Early a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 5 f) Bryan 55, Ann 48, John 15, Mary 11. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1851 and 1853. See above.

Ebbs a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 13 f) Simon 53, Jane 43, John 22, Jane 13, Ellen 11, Thomas 9, Edward 7, Letitia 3. g) Lord Ashburton h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Edwards a) Ballycumber b) Ballycumber c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 93 f) William 45, Esther 30, Thomas 14, Mary Ann 12, Ellen 10, William 4. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) 5 acres from Mr Symes.

Elliott a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1853 e) 37 f) Nicholas 50, Bridget 40, John 27, Thomas 24, Catherine 20, Nicholas 18, Hugh 16, Pat 14, Bridget 12, Martin 10. j) Cabin from Mr Grange.

Ellisa) Newcastle b) Newcastle c) Newcastle Lower d) 1848 e) 163 f) John 50, Hannah 40, Mary 20, Sarah 14, Thomas 11, Eleanor 2. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec”,”No remarks in ledger.

Ennis a) Carrickacrow b) Carrigroe c) Moyne d) 1852 e) 18 f) James 60, Winny 50, William 24, Catherine 22, Peter 20, Margo 18, Winny 16. g) Confiance h) New Ross i) Quebec. June 16th k) House not down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Evans a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 208 f) Thomas 70, Mary 56, Robert 24, Bess 22, Thomas 20, Jane 18, Ann 14. Biddy Clackson 13 j) 1 acre from James Kelly.

Fallon a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 77 f) Margaret 25, Sister Bridget 22. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews May 28th j) Cabin from James Keeley. k) To come down.

Fardon with Keoghoe, Paulbegg, 1847 ref: 231

Fardon with Mullery, Coolfancy, 1849 ref: 3

Farrandan a) Kilquiggan b) Kilguiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 59 f) Mick 52, Biddy 40, Laurence 24, Mick 20, Anne 18, Jno 14, Jim 12. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 1 acre. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Farrell a) Barrenbaum b) ? c) ? d) 1848 e) 149 f) William 31, wife ? 30; James ??? 28 g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from John Brangan.

Farrell a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 43 f) Jno. 30, Mother Peggy 50; sister Sally 33; brother Tom 20, Pat Doyle 30. j) Cabin on John Ebbs’ farm k) Tom and Pat

Doyle scratched from list – “Won’t go”

Farrell a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 33 f) Biddy 56, Michael 25, Peter 22, James 17, Thomas 14. j) Cabin from Peter Farrell.

Farrell a) Umrigar b) Umrygar c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 171 f) William 50, Bridget 46, Peter 9, William 7, Michael 5, Thomas 1. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Mr Blaney.

Farrell with Brownrigg, Carrickcrow. 1848 ref: 73

Fenlon a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 29 f) William, Biddy, Margaret 4, Thomas 2. William’s sister Catherine 20. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Browne, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Finna) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 75 f) Denis 17.

Finna) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 132 f) Thomas 55, Ann 50, Thomas 28, Pat 26, Denis 24, Michael 22, Mary 15, Betty 13, Peter 11, Ann 7. j) Cabin from Edward Sheridan, an undertenant of Thomas Shiel. k) To come down. An Ann Finn died on the “Colonist” buried at sea between 13/7/47 and 29/8/47. Aged 70.

Finnwith Morrison, Ballenguile, 1848 ref: 121

Fisher a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 58 f) Samuel 40, Mary 36, Margaret 10, Thomas 5, George 1. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Griffin & Pollard’s holding. k) Gave tickets to Mr Griffin.

Fitzgerald a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 81 f) Richard 45, Catherine 35, Mary 16, Eliza 12, Margaret 2.5 years. Brothers William 22, John 20. j) Cabin from head tenant Robert Dowling. k) House to come down.

Fitzpatrick a) Ballingate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 227 f) Moses 58, Mary 40, James 24, John 22, Edward 20, Pat 16, Mary 15, Sarah 13. j) 6.5 acres from Mr Braddell.

Fitzpatrick a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 224 f) Stephen 33. Brothers Joseph 30, John 28; sister Mary 17. j) Cabin and quarter-acre from Mr Ireland. k) A Mary Fitzpatrick died on Grosse Isle between July 11th and 17th. Arrived on the “Progress”.

Fitzpatrick a) Coolattin or Barracks b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 26 f) William 35, Sarah 35, James 10, Biddy 8, Denis 5, Phil 3. k) Not going.

Fleming a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 286 f) Michael 45, John 20, Mat 18, James 15, Joseph 12, Michael 9, Julia 7.

Fleming a) Kilguiggin b) Kilguiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 41 f) Bridget 50, Mary 26, June 23, Ellen 15, Bridget 12, Bessy 8. Son-in-law Martin Byrne 30 (Mary’s husband). j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Wall.

Fleming a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 3 f) Pat, Mary, Eliza 8, William 6, Elizabeth 4, Ann 19. Sisters Mary 36, Joanna 34. j) Cabin from Michael O’Neill, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Fluskey a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 127 f) John 22. Brother William 15. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Thomas Shiel. k) House to come down. Single man and only brother who he wants to bring with him. These men also listed in 1848. See below, note discrepancy in William’s age.

Flusky a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 117 f) John 22

Brother William 25. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Thomas Shiel. j) Holds a house from Jno. Nowland. Came down last year. k) He obtained a ticket but was prevented from going by sickness. See entry for these men above.

Foley a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 99 f) Denis, Biddy, John 4, Darby 3, Mary 2 mths. 1st cousin Daniel Foley 21. j) 4.75 acres from Mr Hope who will take possession. k) House divided between Foley and his brother, but in future will be occupied by one family only. This family also listed in 1848, see below.

Foley a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 61 f) Denis 37, Bridget 24, John 6, Derbis 4, Mary 3. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Mr Hope. k) Mr Challoner has consented to let this house stand. Denis died on the voyage.

Forra) Killibegg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1851 e) 37 f) John 55 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Denis McGuire. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Foster a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 17 f) John 30, Mary 28, Mary 7, Thomas 5, James 3, an Infant. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 9 acres from Joseph Griffin. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Foster a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 6 f) Mary 48, Thomas 24, Charlotte (Coates) 22, Bess 20, Sarah 16, Agnes (Braddell) 18, William 8. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Thomas Foster snr. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Foster a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1855 e) 1 f) Elizabeth 40, Eliabeth 13, George 10.

Foster a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 128 f) James 38, Margaret 38, Bridget 18, John 16, Alice 13, Anne 8, James 4. j) Cabin from Richard Goodison.

Foster a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1850 d) 9 e) Rachel 45, Eliza 21, Thomas 19, Alice 17, Jane 14, Robert 10, Mary 5. Thomas Shannon, Eliza’s husband, 23. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/ Graves in side column.

Foster a) Motybower b) Motabower c) Co Wexford d) 1849 e) 93 f) Margaret 50, Harriett 24, James 21, Elizabeth 18, William 15, Isaac 12. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves in side column. Reference number in the ledger should have read have read 94 as 93 already allocated.

Foster a) Park Coolruss b) Coolruss c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 88 f) Robert 50, Betty 45, Judith 24, Mary 22, Bess 20, Michael 18, John 16, Joseph 14, Jane 12, Robert 10, Samuel 8. j) 3 acres from head tenant Richard Donoghue who will take possession.

Fox a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e) 98 f) Patrick 38, Bess 37, John 18, Susan 15, Henry 13, ? 11, Mary 8, Ellen 6. j) Cabin from Joseph Griffin.

Fox a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 258 f) Dennis 50, Bess 49, Pat 28, Michael 26, Catherine 24, Denis 22, William 20, Mary 16, Peggy 14, John 12, Nessy 10. j) 1 acre from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Fox a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 33 f) Denis 50, Elizabeth 50, Pat 26, Mary 23, Mick 18, Bill 16, John 12, Denis 12, Margaret 14, Nessy 9, Bess 7. Pat Trainer, son- in-law, 37. His child Mary 2. g) Jane h) New Ross, April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) 3r.27p. from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Sick – in fever. Children Denis, Margaret, Nessy and Bess all scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Fox a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 37 f) Mazzy 48, Bess 15, Tom 13, Mary 9, Anne 7. j) Cabin from Charles Curren. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Fox a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 91 f) Mary 20, Brother John 17; sister Anne 15. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Stepchildren of Matt Breen. Chest/Graves in side column.

Fox a) Hillbrook b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 61 f) Jane 22 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Fox a) Lugduff b) Lugduff c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 169 f) Mick 43, Mary 37, Pat 17, Catherine 15, Margaret 13, Mary 11, Julia 9, John 7, Jane 5, William 2, Anne 3 mths. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 1 acre from Mr Grange.

Fox with Riely, Coolboy, 1851 ref: 50

Freea) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 1 f) Thomas, Mary, Robert, Mary 18, Samuel 16, Thomas 13, Ann 12, Eliza 8. Mary Reilley 24 j) Farm of 17a.1r.31p. plantation measure by lease granted in 1839 at £10-15-0 p.a. k) Has improved his house and land.

Freeman a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1849 e) 80 f) Thomas 29, Richard 9. William Death 20 k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Fulham a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 46 f) Richard, Mary, John 23, Essy 16, James 14, Margaret 19. j) 11 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam, part of Edward & Rice Fulham holding. k) Expects some compensation for land in addition to passage and support.

Furlong a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Aghowle/Carnew d) 1848 e) 18 f) Michael 47, Elizabeth 37, Anne 17, Mary 15,Bridget 13, Eliza 11, Essy 8, Catherine 6, Hannah 4. Margaret Healy 19 – his relation. g) Star h) New Ross. April21st i) St Andrews. May 28th j) House and 21 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Michael died at St Andrews on June 5th. This family also listed in 1847. See below.

Furlong a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 164 f) John 40, Margaret 32, Pat 2, Mary Ann 1. j) Cabin and half-acre from Pat Doyle.

Furlong a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 308 f) Michael 50, Bess 40, Ann 16, Mary 14, Biddy 12, Eliza 10, Essy 8, Catherine 7, Hannah 4. Peggy Healey 22. k) This family also listed in 1848. See above.

Gafney a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 114 f) Pat, Mary, James 6, Nessy 4, Pat 1. Father James 50; mother Nessy 51; brothers Thomas 21, Jer 17 j) Cabin from Michael Hughes. k) House to come down.

Gafney a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 221 f) Jer 54, Ann 50, Pat 23, Thomas 21, Jer 19, James 17, Betty 15, John 12, Richard 10. j) Cabin from Michael Murphy. k) There was an Ann Gaffney, 45, and another Gaffney died on Grosse Isle between Aug 1 and 8. They arrived on “Pandora”.

Gahagan a) Gurteen b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 41 f) Thomas, Peggy, Joseph22, Sarah 14, James 12, Jane 9, William & Ann 7, Thomas 3. Thomas Gahagan, nephew, 24. j) Cabin and 2 acres from head tenant Thomas Hoskins. Query if house is to come down.

Gahan a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 70 f) John 42, Ann 38, George 21. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews. May 28th j) 7 acres from Mrs Leonard.

Gahan a) Farness b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 21 f) William 70, Dorothy 62, Pat 28, George 25, Betty 20. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin on Leonard’s holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Gahan a) Kilquiggin b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 66a f) William 50, Mary 50, John 18, Margaret 16, Michael 14, William 12, Mat 10, Thomas 8, Bridget 5. Mary, a servant, 20. j) 14 acres from head tenant Thomas Wall who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Garret a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 198 f) Thomas 27. Mother Mary 50; sister Mary 29; brothers John 25, Pat 23, Michael 14. j) 20 acres from William Ireland. k) Declines going.

Garret a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 267 f) John 46, Ann 47, Denis 21, Mary 18, Andy 15, Biddy 9, Elizabeth 6, Ann 4. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Pat Byrne.

Garret a) Coolnafinogue b) Coolafunshoge c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 23 f) Tom 40, William 20, Margo 18, Ellen 16, Eliza 15, Anne 8, Biddy 6. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin under Owen Neal. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Garret a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 41 f) Thomas 40, Anne 40, William 18, Margaret 16, Ellen 15, Eliza 12, Anne 6, Biddy 4. Cousin Denis Mangins 25. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Pat Lynch. k) House to come down. Query will Mr Challoner send Mangins?

Gethins a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 6 f) Margaret 30. Brothers James 27, Phelim 23; Ellen Commerel 22 (widow); her daughter Ellen 5; Mary 24; Ed Gethins, uncle, 50. All scratched except Margaret, and both Ellens. Gave her ticket to Silvester Byrne. j) Tenant of Mr Grange. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Gibbins a) Rathbawn b) Rathbane c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 38 f) Catherine 55, James 32. James’ wife Anne 25; Edward 11, Ann 6, Catherine 1. g) Jane h) New Ross, April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) Land from Lord Fitzwilliam given up. k) Chest/Graves in side column. To wait for the “Jane”.

Giddens a) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 14 f) James 27, Mary 26, John 2. Brother George 28; sister Ellen 18. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews. May 28th k) Cabin and kitchen garden from Robert Smith.

Giles a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 17 f) Miles 52, Sally 44, Fanny 22, Thomas 20, Edward 18, Henry 16. j) Terence Doyle’s tenant. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column. Edward and Henry scratched.

Goggin a) Glazenaret b) Glasnarget c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 141 f) William 37, Annhy 37, Thomas 5, Daniel 2. j) Cabin and park from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Goggins a) Coolattin als. Stoops b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 303 f) William 60, Nancy 59; Niece Catherine 4. Son Mat 34, Mat’s wife Ellen 30, and their children William 3, Ann 2 – all scratched from list.

Goggins a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 12 f) Jno. 40, Ellen 35, Ann 11, Mat 10, William 8, Jno. 6, Thomas 2. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. j) Cabin from Mrs Jones.

Goodysona) Ballisland b) Balisland c) Moyacomb d) 1856 e) 1 f) William 45, Mary 35, William 17, Mary Anne 15, Nessy 13, Catherine 11, Jno 9, Thomas 7, Richard 5. g) Woodstock k) Illegitimate son of the late William Goodyson. Sanctioned by Lord Milton to be emigrated when his lordship was at Coolattin park. Chest/Graves in side column.

Gorman a) Ballybeg b) Ballybeg c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 27 f) Rose 50, Stephen 22, Murtagh 20, John 18, Biddy 16. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest in side column.

Gorman a) Ballycumber b) Ballycumber c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 50 f) Rose 50, James 24, Pat 22, Stephen 20, Murtha 18, John 16, Bridget 13 g) Jane h) New Ross, April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) Mrs Symes’ tenant.

Goslin a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 47 f) John 41, Margaret 38, Henry 18, Mary 15, Thomas 13, Sally 10, Isaac 7, Jane 5. j) Cabin and three roods from Isaac Goslin. This family also listed in 1849. See below.

Gosling a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 13 f) John 41, Margaret 40, Mary 20, Henry 18, Thomas 15, Sarah 11, Isaac 8, Jane 5, Richard 3 mths. j) Tenant to Isaac, his father, who has part of John Farrar’s holding. k) 3 roods to be given up to Mr Challoner. Chest/”,”Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1848. See above.

Gosswith Keegan, Sleaghcoyle, 1847 ref: 240.

Gough a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1852 e) 16 f) Jno. 50, Anne 50, Tom 18, Margaret 16, George 14, Charles 12, Mary 10. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House not down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Gough a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1852 e) 17 f) Mick 45, Bridget 40, Mary 14, George 12, Ellen 10, Bridget 7, Thomas 3. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Duplicate ticket. House not down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Graham a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 162 f) John 55, Ann 45, Kamelia 22, Richard 21, Nicholas 20, Thomas 18, Rachel 13, Susanna 4. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) 22 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Grandy a) Croneyhorn b) Corneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 35 f) Henry 60, Susan 52, John 26, Fanny 24, William 18, Mary 16. Stepdaughters Ann Collins 23, Jane Collins 21. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th i) Quebec. July 3rd k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Grant a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 26 f) James 55, Ellen 45, Edward 26, Mick 24, James 20, John 16, Anne 16, Ellen 12, William 3. The name Betty 20 was entered then scratched out. g) Jessie, May 17th h) New Ross i) Quebec j) Cabin and 7.25 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam, part of James & Richard Grant holding.

Grey a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 57 f) Jane, Mary- Ann, John 5. Peggy, a foundling servant, 20; Essy Byrne, a lodger, 32. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Mrs Chamney who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Greyley a) Coolelugg b) Coolalug c) Kilpipe d) 1852 e) 40 f) William 27 g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16thk) House down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Greyley with Slater, Tupperpatrick, 1848 ref: 122

Griffin a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 19 f) Thomas 28, Sarah 27, Mary 3, George 1 J) Samuel Griffin’s tenant. House and kitchen garden. k) Declines going.

Griffin a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 57 f) Thomas 35, Jane 29, John 6, Margaret 4, Mary 2. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Haffery a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 161 f) John 36, Ann 30, Ellen 7, Ann 5. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from James Hopkins, Minmore.

Hagan a) Ballenglen b) Ballinglen d) 1847 e) 311 f) Michael 27, Mary 25, Ellen 9, William 5, Catherine 3. Sister-in-law Ellen Quail 23. j) Cabin on J. Furlong’s land.

Hagen a) Carrickacrow b) Carrigroe c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 90 f) John 36, Ann 25, Eliza 4. Brother William 25. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 4 acres from John Laurence. k) Provides a certificate from Mr Laurence to say that the house will come down.

Hagerty a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 96 f) John 42, Betty 36, Peter 14, Catherine 12, Margaret 10, John 7, James 4, Bessie 1. Mary Bryan, mother-in-law, 67. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) Cabin from William Hickey. k) Query will mother-in- law go?

Hand a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 187 f) Mary, Thomas 29, Pat 26, Jem 24, Mary 20, Dan 18. This family listed again in 1847 (!) and in 1848. See both entries below.

Hand a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 39 f) Mary g) William 32, Thomas 29, Pat 26, Mary 21, Daniel 18, John 15. j) Cabin from Mr Joseph Browne, a head tenant, rep of Joseph Swan deceased. This is the second listing for this family in 1847. Also listed in 1848. See above and below.

Hand a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 111 f) Mary 50, Thomas

30, Pat 27, Mary 23, Daniel 20, John 15. Thomas’ wife Mary-Ann 20. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Mr. Browne. k) This family listed twice in 1847 as well as this entry.

Hanlon a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 118 f) James, Bridget, John 15, Pat 13, Mary 12, Mat 9, Catherine 7, Bridget 3. Father John; brother John. j) Cabin from Pat Hanlon, his brother, a tenant of Captain Nickson. k) House to come down.

Hanlon a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 113 f) Thomas 28, Sarah 28, Mary 5. Sister Sarah 22. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Living in part of Widow Connelly’s house. k) Enquire particularly about this case.
Hannon a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 79 f) Matt 36, Margaret 26, Thomas 6, Sarah 4, John 2. g) Jane h) New Ross. April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hara a) Ballenguile b) Ballenguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 136 f) Mary 57, Biddy 29, Mary 27, Edward 24, Elizabeth 21. j) Cabin from Pat Browne. k) House to come down. Some of this family listed again in 1851. See below.

Hara a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1851 e) 79 f) Mary 55, Edward 26, Eliza 20. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This may be the family listed in 1848. See above.

Harmon a) Ballenguile b) Ballenguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 97 f) John 32, Mary 35, Thomas 9, Pat 8, Winnie 6, Arthur 5, John 18 mths. Brothers & sisters: Bridget 30, Thomas 25, Anthony 23, Eliza 19. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 44 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Harmon a) Ballenguile b) Ballenguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 99 f) Pat 59, Thomas 25, John 23, Peter 20, Edward 18, Pat 16, Etty 14, William 12. Brother James 40. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) House and 53 acres, part of a holding in the name of Edward

Harmon’s execs. k) Thomas, John and Peter not on NLI Pos 934 list, but neighbour Edward Harmon, 24, added.

Harmon a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1850 e) 30 f) Edward 20. Brothers James 16, Peter 13; sister Mary 9; half-brother Thomas, Sheridan 3, Margaret Sheridan 4; cousin Peter Harmon 21. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Harmon a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 120 f) Anthony 24. Brother James g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 23 acres. k) House to come down and Shiel to take possession of the land.

Harmon with Cassidy, Killinure, 1847 ref: 13

Harmon with Whelan, Monaghullen, 1847 ref: 181

Hatch a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 178 f) Richard 40, Mary 32, James 11, Thomas 9, John 8, Ann 6, Mary 4, Catherine 2. j) 23 acres from Jack Twamley. k) £10 for support.

Hatch a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1849 e) 60 f) Humphrey 42, Judy 35, Bess 13, Anne 7, Mary 5, Judy 3, James 11, Pat 9. Bess’s name scratched from list and queried. j) Cabin from Twamley.

Headon a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 295 f) Thomas 60, Judith 50, Peter 30, Alice 26, Judith (Kealey) 27, Mary 24, James 18. Judith’s husband Pat Kealey 40 and their son William 1. j) House and kitchen garden from Joseph Griffin. k) Gave up 6.5 acres.

Headon a) Glenphilipeen/Tinahely b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 57 f) John 40, Catherine 43, Mary 18, Thomas 16, Winnie 13, Robert 11, Ellen 9, John 7. Sister-in-law Betty Jordan 21. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Pat Byrne.

Headon with Beaghan, Urelands, 1847 ref: 202

Healey a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 24 f) Mary 44, Margaret 20, Mary 18, Catherine 14, John 12. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Healy a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1847 e) 245 f) James 50, Winny 46, James 22, Pat 20, Biddy 18, John 16, Michael 14, Mary 12, Mat 10, Ann 8. j) 12 acres from James McGhee.

Healy a) Ballenguile b) Ballenguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 95 f) Andrew 60, Anne 60, Ann 26, Mary 25, Andy 22. Thomas, son-in-law 28; grandchildren Anne 10, Catherine 5, Mary 3. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Edward Hannon. To come down.

Healy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 15 f) Lawrence, Biddy, his mother; brothers Denis 21, James 18, John 16, Thomas, William 27; cousins Betty Healy 18, James Neale 21. j) House and kitchen garden on James Hughes holding containing 21a.1r.30p. k) House to come down. Betty Healy declines to go.

Healy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 254 f) James 60, Bridget 60, Margaret 30, John 28, Edward 26, James 24, Thomas 22, Mary 20, David 18, Peter 16, Mat 14, Julia 12. j) 12 acres. k) This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Healy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 127 f) James 60, Biddy 50, John 27, Edward 25, James 23, Thomas 21, Mary 19, Daniel 17, Peter 15, Matt 11, Julia 13. Margaret Murphy, widow (eldest daughter?) 29. Mary Murphy 7. j) Cabin and 10 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Healy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 10 f) John 30, Edward 32, James 30, Thomas 28, Mary 24, David 26, Peter 22, Matt 20. Niece Mary Murphy 14. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16thk) Query will James and Thomas go? Chest/ Graves in side column. For details of who lived where see Notes for 1852.

Healy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 22 f) William 47, Betty 40, Mick 19, Mary-Anne 16, John 14, Peter 12, Sally 10, Pat 5, Tom 2. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin on Brown’s late farm.k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Healy with Furlong, Ballard, 1848 ref: 18

Healy with Furlong, Ballard, 1847 ref: 308

Hefferin a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1853 e) 54 f) Jno. 47, Sally 27,

Mary, sister, 23; mother Peggy 50; William King 18. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin from Jno. Griffin. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hefferon a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1848 e) 106 f) Bridget 40, Michael 22, Catherine 20, Anne 18, Ellen 14, John 12, Bridget 8. g) Jessie h) New Ross. May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 10 acres from James McGhee.

Hennessy a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinaccuff d) 1847 e) 24 f) Pat, Margaret, Sarah 17, John 14, Catherine 11. j) Cabin from William Ireland, a head tenant. k) House to come down. A Sarah Hennessy died on Grosse Ile between July 11 and 17. Arrived on “Progress”.

Hennessy a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 193 f) John 60, Betty 56, Mary 28, Sarah 26, James 24, Ann 22, Pat 20, John 18, Kate 15, Dan 12. Brother Dan 54; sister-in-law Ann Byrne 56. j) 20 acres from William Ireland. This family also listed in 1848.

Hennessy a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e) 6 f) Jno. 60, Betty 54, Mary 28, James 25, Anne 23, Pat 19, John 17, Kate 15, Daniel 13. Sister-in-law Anne Byrne 47. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) Cabin from William Ireland. This family also listed in 1847.

Hickey a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 56 f) Peter, Betty, Pat 25, Sarah 23, William 20, Peggy 21, James 13, Betty 1. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from George Griffin. k) House to come down.

Hickey a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 14 f) Pat 45, Dolly 40, John 10, Peter 4, Elizabeth 12. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column. Elizabeth’s name added later.

Hickey a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 27 f) Peter 73, William 31, John 34. John’s wife Mary 40; Mary Birch 11, Moses Birch 9, Sarah Birch 7; Pat Hickey (John’s son?) 3. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Two chests/Graves in side column.

Higgins with Roche, Ballyvolen, 1848, ref: 164

Hill a) Carricknameal b) Carrignamweel c) Hacketstown d) 1848 e) 53 f) John 43, Mary 40, Peter 20, Catherine 18, John 14, Mary 8, Bess 5, Jane 3. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Richard Baker.

Hinch a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 16 f) Jno. 40, Margaret 40, Ann 10, Mary 8, Rose 5. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Harmon. This family also listed in 1854. See below.

Hinch a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 17 f) Thomas 42. Brother & sisters: William 33, Catherine 30, Ellen 28. j) Cabin on Byrne’s holding – ejected. This family also listed in 1854. See below.

Hinch a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 27 f) James 40, Esther 36, Ellen 14, Anne 10, Henry 8, Mary 2. j) Cabin from Susan Doyle.

Hinch a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 11 f) Jno 40, Margaret 40, Ann 8, Mary 6, Rose 4, Margaret 3 months. j) Cabin from Mr. Harmon. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Hinch a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 6 f) Thomas 35, Catherine 30, Ellen 25 – sisters. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Hinch a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 41 f) James 42, Bridget 41, Mary 15, Anne 13, Bridget 11, John 9, James 6. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st i) Quebec. July 25th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hinch a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 189 f) Thomas 60, Judith 70. Brother John 74??; Edward 28?? g) Colonist h) New Ross, July 12th i) Grosse Isle. August 28th j) 1 acre from Edward Hinch. Judith was listed as “dead on board” on August 29th, 1847. Buried at sea.

Hinch a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 282 f) John 30, Sisters Biddy

24, Catherine 20, Mary 18, Betty 15. g) Progress h) New Ross i) Quebec j) 5 acres and a good house to be given up on getting balance of £40 after passage money. i.e. Passage £16-15-0; Support £7-10-0; Cash £16-5-0. k) Elizabeth 14 died at sea.

Hinch a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 75 f) Pat 40, Margaret 36, Edward 15, William 13, George 9, Mary 7, Henry 4. Sister Mary 24 g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and ? roods from George Hawkins. k) Cabin to come down. Mary 24 and George 9 not on NLI Pos. 934 list.

Hogan a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 190 f) Charles 52, Nancy 46, James 26, Bess 24, Catherine 22, Mary 20, Nancy 18, Margaret 16, Matthew 14, Ellen 12, Charles 10, John 8. Essy, a foundling, 28. j) Cabin from Widow Bourke. k) This is obviously the same family as immediately below.

Hogan a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 306 f) Charles 50, Ann 45, James 23, Eliza 21, Catherine 18, Mary 16, Ann 14, Ellen 18, Margaret 12, Essy 10, Matt 9, Charles 5, John 3. This is obviously the same family as immediately above.

Hopkins a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 69 f) Nicholas 51, Elizabeth 48, Edward 20, William 18, Susannah 16, Jno 14, Thomas 11, Mary 8. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec. j) 26 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hopkins a) Corandogg b) Corndog c) Moyne d) 1854 e) 21 f) Catherine 64, Charles 36, Catherine 32, Sarah 29, Jno 25. j) 7.5 acres.

Hopkins a) Corandogg b) Corndog c) Moyne d) 1856 e) 4 f) Edward 52, Jane 50, George 24, Jno 22, Jane 20, Joseph 12. g) Woodstock k) £20 on account Passage & Support. Graves in side column.

Hopkins a) Corandogg b) Corndogg c) Moyne d) 1853 e) 26 f) Catherine 60, Christopher 30, Catherine 28, Sarah 26, John 24. j) 7.5 acres from Edward Hopkins.

Hopkins a) Corandogg b) Corndogg c) Moyne d) 1855 e) 5 f) Charles 37. Sister

Catherine 31; brother Jno. 25. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hopkins a) Kilquiggan b) Kilguiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 48 f) Margaret 45, Ben 20, William 18, Thomas 16, Bess 14, Sarah 12, Ellen 10, Richard 9, James 7. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 1 acre from Tom Wall. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hopkins William, with Bowe, Coollattin see below

Hopkins Sarah, with Cuffe, Askikeagh see above

Horagan a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 143 f) Hugh 35, Rose 30, Mary 12, Ann 10, Dan 6, Eliza 4, Honoria 5. Mother-in-law Nancy Tallon; niece Catherine

Beaghan 16. j) Cabin from Walker. To come down.

Hoskins a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 271 f) John 36, Sarah 45, Joseph 14, Thomas 5, stepson Timothy 13. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Denis Loughlin execs.

Howlett a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 249 f) John 46, Ellen 50, Thomas 19, James 17, Pat 11, John 8. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Ralph Hope. k) House to come down.

Hughes a) Ballingate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 226 f) Michael 42, Peggy 40, Biddy 15, Michael 13, Mary 11, Ellen 7, William 4, Andy 8 mths. Michael’s sister (no name given) 50. j) 10 acres from Mr Braddell.

Hughes a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1854 e) 1 f) Betty 55, Essy 28, Margaret 26, Anne 22, Mary 15, James 20. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hughes a) Kilquiggin b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 92 f) Thomas 36, Mary 30, Pat 3. Mother-in-law Mary Tallon 60; brother William 38; William’s wife Margaret 40; their daughter Elizabeth 2. j) Cabin from Thomas Wall. k) House to come down. William & family live with Thomas.

Hughes a) Larragh b) Laragh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 7 f) Philip 56, Betty 50, John 27, Catherine 21, Bess 17, William 16, Ellen 14, Philip 8. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 1.5 acres from the late Ann Wall. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Hughes a) Lascoleman b) Liscolman c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 130 f) Robert 38, Margaret 38, Mary 13, Mick 11, Kitty 9, Pat 6, John 4, James 1. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and half-acre from James Kennedy. k) James not on passenger list.

Hughes a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 64 f) James 40, Anne 24, Ann 6 mths – name scratched from list. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1stk) Never had a house of his own. Lives with his brother Terence Hughes.

Hughes Thomas, with Neal of Knockeen below

Hunt a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 40 f) James 49, Catherine 45, Catherine 5, Mary 2, Peter 1. Brother John 26. j) 5.5 acres from Mr Drury, rep of Alice Revell, a head tenant, who will take possession. k) House to be thrown down.

Hutton a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 239 f) Thomas 40, Charlotte, Hannah 20, Charles 18, Margaret 16, George 14, John 13, Thomas 11, Isaac 9, Edward 2. James Boyde, a foundling, 21. j) 20 acres from Mr Edge’s son-in-law, Mr McKenna.

Hyland a) Lascoleman b) Liscolman c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 246 f) John 64, Catherine 54, Biddy 26, Catherine 18, Ellen 20, Jno. 16, David 14, James 12, Michael 8. j) Cabin from Edward Bourke. k) This family on a Supplement List. This family also listed in 1848.

Hyland a) Lascoleman b) Liscolman c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 108 f) John 64, Catherine 58, Pat 22, John 17, Catherine 19, David 15, James 13, Ellen 11. j) Cabin from Edward Bourke. k) This family also listed in 1847.

Irvin a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 131 f) James 33, Ann 30, Pat 12, James 2. j) Cabin and 1 rood from Shiels, but never paid rent and promises to give it up.

Jackson a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 270 f) Henry 52, Martha 50, Martha 27, Joshua 25, Samuel 22, John 20, Thomas 18, Hannah 16, Henry 14, Mary 12, Elizabeth 9, Joseph 7.

Jackson with Eagers, Knocknadoomcoyle, 1847 ref:288

James a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 207 f) Richard 60, Judith 55, Catherine 24, Ann 22, Lorenzo 20, Pat 18, Judith 16, Mary 14. j) 6 acres from Peter Blackburn.

James a) Kilquiggin b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 94 f) Martin 60, Mary 54, John 35, Michael 32, Martin 17, Lawrence 16. g) Colonist h) New Ross, July 7th i) Grosse Isle, August 28th j) Cabin from Thomas Wall. House to come wn. Martin was recorded “dead on board” on August 29th, 1847. Buried at sea.

Johnson a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1847 e) 312 f) John 60, Mary 50, Richard 22, Julia 20, Thomas 18, James 17, John 14, Mary 11, Sarah 8, William 6.

Johnson a) Ballicionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 32 f) Mary 32, John 13, Eliza 11, Richard 8, Mary 6, Thomas 4, Michael 2.5 Brother Michael 37; sister Eliza 36. j) Cabin and 5 acres on Messrs. Bates & Morton’s holding. k) Declining to go – April 8th, 1848.

Johnson a) Molonaskey b) Mullannaskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 35 f) Peter, Sisters Mary 23, Catherine 27. j) Cabin under a head tenant, Stephen Morris. k) House to come down.

Johnston a) Ballinglen d) 1854 e) 4 f) Henry 45, Mary 41, William 15, Ann 14, Jane 12, Catherine 9, Margaret 4,, Jno, 3 months. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Byrne – shoemaker. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Jones a) Ballicionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 29 f) Richard 40, Mazzy 35, Jane 17, Margaret 15, Mary 13, Thomas 12, John 10, Richard 6, Pat 2. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st ) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 6.5 acres on Messrs Bates & Morton’s holding.

Jones with Twamley, Cronelea, 1847 ref: 302

Jordan a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 67 f) Moses, Mary, Maria 2. John Creemeen, father-in-law. j) 9 acres from William Ireland who will take possession and throw down the house.

Jordan with Headon, Glenphilipeen, 1848 ref: 57

Kappell a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Killcommon d) 1852 e) 52 f) George 40, Catherine 33, Mary 16, Matt 14, Thomas 11, Anne 8, George 6, Jane 4, Henry an infant. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kavanagh a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 183 f) Denis 51, Jane 46, Eliza 20, Charles 18, Maria 16, James 14 Sarah 12, Denis 10. j) 6 acres from Loughlin & Partners. See original manuscript for 1847 for full details of lease.

Kavanagh a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 297 f) Laurence 40, Ann 34, Margaret 19, James 17, Ally 15, Thomas 13, Laurence 11, Charles 8, Denis 4. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from James Foster.

Kavanagh a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 42 f) Laurence 38, Anne 38, James 19, John 18 (scratched from list), Thomas 16, Laurence 14, Denis 12, Ally 10, Charles 8. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30thj) Cabin. Pays no rent. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kavanagha) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 138 f) Garret, Mary, William 13, Pat 2. j) Cabin from Walter Tomkin. k) House to come down.

Kavanagh a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 27 f) Mary 50, William 16. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Passage only.

Kavanagh a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 137 f) Catherine 60, Johannah 33, Walter 30, Mary 20. Johannah’s husband John Clare 33; children Bridget 8, Pat 4, Mary 2. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 10 acres. k) Query will John Clare go?

Kavanagh a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 70 f) Phelim 40, Mary 35, Mary 8, Jane 6, Margaret 2. j) Cabin on Mary Byrne’s late holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kavanagh a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 19 f) Margaret, John 25, Biddy 23, Pat 20, Honoria 17, Ann 16, Mary 14, Daniel 12, Timothy 10. j) Cabin from Mr Browne.k) House to come down.

Kavanagh a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 73 f) Ann, Catherine 20, Ann 18, Honoria 16, John 14. j) 18 acres from Mr Browne. k) House to come down.

Kavanagh a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1851 e) 23 f) John 60, James 30, John 28, Ellen 26, Mary 21, Pat 18, Ann 16,”,”Catherine 14, Bess 9. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 2 acres from Robert Brown. k) Ellen and Pat scratched from list.

Kavanagh a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 188 f) John, Mary, Mary 22, Michael 15, Ned 14, John 13, Pat 10, Ann 8, James 6, Sarah 4, Catherine 2.

Kavanagh a) Parkmore b) Parkmore c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 4 f) Jno. 50, Catherine 50, Mary 21, Sarah 19, Pat 17, Honoria 15, James 13, Mazzy 11. Mary Kavanagh 21. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th j) Cabin and 2 acres from Mrs Symes. k) House left standing as office for

Hugh Mullary. Mary scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kavanagh a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 65 f) John 36, Sally 25, Pat 3, Billy 2, Peggy 1, Martin, an infant. Judy Byrne, orphan, 20; Mary Lawrence, orphan, 15; Brother Martin 44. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) 21 acres. k) Has only two children, wife and brother. Peggy and the two orphans scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kavanagh a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 128 f) Pat 40, Alice 39, Sarah 16, Pat 9, Mary 7, Ann 5, Mat 2. Sister-in-law Ann Noblet 19; bro-in-law Richard

Noblet 18. j) Cabin from Thomas Shiel. k) House to come down. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Kavanagh a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 54 f) Pat 35, Ally 40, Sarah 18, Pat 10, Mary 8, Anne 6, Matt 3. Sister-in-law Ann 22; brother-in-law Richard 20. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Thomas Shiel. k) House to come down. Gave up land last year. (Only 7 listed as going on NLI Pos 934)

Kavanagh with Slack, Sleanamoe, 1847 ref: 129

Kealey a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 28 f) William 47, Jane 35, William 18, Margaret 16, James 14, Jno 12, Pat 8, Denis 6, Anne 3. k) Gave up 10 acres to Mrs Symes. House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kealey with Headon, 1847 ref: 295

Kealy a) Lascoleman b) Liscolman c) Liscoleman d) 1848 e) 81 f) Daniel 60, Catherine 57, Anne 36, Mick 30, Mary 22, John 20, Catherine 18. g) Star h) New Ross. April i) St Andrews. May 28th j) Cabin from Jno. Sheppard. k) Daniel died at St Andrews on June 7th (NLI 934 icludes Mick’s wife Bridget, her brother Thomas Mulhall and some others)

Keane a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 26 f) Thomas 32, Mary 35, Mick 7. James Keane, a relative, 21. Scratched from list. j) Cabin from William Dillon. K) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kearns a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 82 f) John 50, Mary 50, Edward 28, Mary 27, Ellen 21, John 19, Thomas 15, James 9, Pat 18 mths. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Laurence Byrne on a holding leased to Michael &

James Byrne. k) House to come down. (Ellen White & son Pat also allowed – NLI Pos 934 – no sign of Edward or Mary).

Kearns a) Balliecionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 7 f) James 54, Mary 53, Betty 26, Mary 25, James 23, Hugh 21, Catherine 19, Peggy 17, Anty 14.

Kearns a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 186 f) Mary, John 19, Michael 16, Peter 13, Mary 11.

Kearns with Whelan, Aghold, 1853 ref: 56

Keary a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 150 f) Michael 70, Mary 60, Robert 30, Mary 25, James 23, Edward 20. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 1 acre on Doyle’s land in Killballyowen.

Keefe a) Racott b) Rathcot c) Hacketstown d) 1851 e) 74 f) Alice 43, William (Maher) 18, Maria 11, Julia 9, Margaret 7, Ann 4, John 2, Francis (Dunn) an infant. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Keefe with Byrne, Sleanamoe ref: 1851 ref: 47

Keeffe a) Coolkenna b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 34 f) James, Beth, Mary 28, Peter 25, Catherine 20, John 18, Winny 16, Eliza 14 j) Cabin from Thomas Kenny. k) House to come down.

Keegan a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 240 f) Thomas 50, James 16, William 14, Michael 12, Pat 10, Thomas 4. Housekeeper Dolly Goss 40. j) 7 acres from Mr McKenna. Family source of information is Gerry Hayden 01 4941173 who says that Goss was originally Thistlebird, James stayed,married,moved to Aughrim 1876.

Keeley a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 45 f) James, Hannah, Ellen 23, William 21, Ann 17, James 14, John 11, Peter 8, Thomas 4. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from John Ireland, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Keeley a) Liscoleman b) Liscolman c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 2 f) Daniel, Catherine, Michael 30, Biddy 27, Mary 24, John 20, Catharine 15. Biddy’s husband Thomas Mulhall; their children Catherine 4, Mary 2. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from John Sheppard, a head tenant. k) House to come down. These people did not travel until 1848 – went to St Andrews on the Star. See Kealey and Mulhall.

Keeley a) Monaghullen b) Mungacullen c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 102 f) William 27, Judith 25, Martin 2, John 2. j) Cabin from Laurence Murphy, a tenant. k) House to come.

Kehoe a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 61 f) John, Margaret, James 3, Mary 2. j) Cabin from Mrs Chamney.k) House to come down.

Kehoe a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 18 f) James 40, Bridget 41, Eliza 15 k) A lodger with Mary Riely, an undertenant at Farnees.

Kehoe a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 33 f) Michael 35, Judith 34, Betty 13, William 11, Jno 9, James 3. Sister Ann 22. Scratched – “not living with this man” j) Cabin and 1 acre from Mrs Swan. k) Betty also scratched off the list – “no such person”. Chest/ Graves in side column.

Kehoe with Wilson, Towerboy, 1848 ref:143

Kelly a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 113 f) Thomas 44, Catherine 43, James 20, Henry & Eliza 13, Dora 8, Thomas 5, John 2. Brother-in-law John 45. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Patrick McCann, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Kelly a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 107 f) Pat, Mary, Bess 3, Ann 1. Brother Thomas 19; sister Ann 16. j) Cabin and half-acre from William Ireland who will take the land. k) House to come down. Query Thomas and Ann.

Kelly a) Ballybegg b) Ballybeg c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 52 f) Joseph 30, Catherine 27, John, brother, 25. g) Jane j) New Ross, April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) Mrs Symes’ tenant.

Kelly a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 19 f) Bridget 59, Michael 35, Judy 25, Ned 22, John 20, Pat 18, Bridget 16, Julia 18. k) Chest/ Graves in side column.

Kelly a) Drummin b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1852 e) 50 f) George 32 g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kelly a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 17 f0 James, Margaret, John 9, Ruth 7, James 3 j) Cabin and 4 acres from Mrs Leonard who will take the land. k) House to come down. Mrs Leonard is anxious where they will emigrate. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Kelly a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 10 f) James 34, Margaret 28, John 11, Ruth 9, James 6, Margaret 4. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mrs Leonard. k) Margaret jnr (Peg) died on the voyage 4 years old. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Kelly a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1853 e) 53 f) Daniel 47, Betty 47, James 19, Catherine 17, Anty 15, George 12, Jno. 9, Daniel 2. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) 6.5 acres from George Graham. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kelly a) Park alias Drumin b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 176 f) Hugh 48, Sarah 47, Elias 21. Granddaughter Sarah 5. j) Cabin from James Welsh.

Kelly a) Rath b) Rath c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 172 f) John 54, Mary 47, Judith 22, James 20, Mark 18, Peggy 14, Ann 11, Deen 9. j) Cabin and 3 acres from Mr Whelan.

Kelly a) Rathengrany b) Ratheengraney c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 16 f) John, Mary, Peggy 15, Eliza 11,John 8, Thomas 3, Michael 1.5 j) Cabin and kitchen garden. To be thrown down.

Kelly a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 35 f) Pat 35, Bess 34, Mary 15, Daniel 13, Catherine 11, Bess 9, Winny 6, Rachel 2. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin only. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kelly a) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 241 f) Pat 45, Biddy 44, Pat 18, Catherine 15, Ellen 13, Thomas 8, James 6. j) 15 acres, part of Thomas Malone holding.

Kelly a) Tomcoyle at Preban b) Tomcoyle c) Preban d) 1852 e) 23 f) Margaret 55, Anty 23, Larry 18, Peggy 17, Sarah 16, James 13, Daniel 10. Thomas Mulhall 25. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th j) 2 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) House down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kelly with Keoghoe, Coolattin, 1852 ref: 36

Kelly with Keoghoe, Coollattin, 1853 ref: 7

Kelly with Lacey, Mullins

Kelly with Maguire, Mullins, 1851 ref: 20

Kelly with McGuire, Mullins, 1852 ref: 8

Kennedy a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 55 f) Moses 63, Betty 80, Mick 35. Mick’s wife Ellen 30; their children Moses 6, Bess 4. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kennedy a) Carricknameal b) Carrignamweel c) Hacketstown d) 1848 e) 34 f) Michael 30, Ellen 24, James 9, Mary 6, Susan 3. j) Cabin from Darby Doyle under Thomas Parker.

Kennedy a) Farnees at Crossbridge b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 8 f) Michael 40, Bridget 30, Ellen 8, William 6, Pat 4, James 2. j) Tenant to Denis Mulhall on Mr Leonard’s holding.

Kennedy a) Rasnastraw b) Rosnastraw c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 22 f) Pat 50, Ellen 50, James 25, Margaret (Neal) 30, Ellen 22, Mary 20, Pat 17. Mick Neal, son-in-law, 30; Biddy Neal 4, Tom Neal 1. j) Cabin and 3 acres from Abraham Smith.

Kennedy a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 12 f) Moses 48, Bridget 43, Ellen 20, Mary 17, Bridget 15, James 13, Bess 11, Julia 9, Anne 8, Margaret 7, Michael 5, Catherine 2. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kennedy a) Tomnafinogue b) Tomnafinnoge c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 168 f) John 68, Susan 33, Kitty 30, John 26, Peter 19, Michael 30. Grandchildren George 3, Mary 15 mths. Son- in-law John Pierce 30. j) Cabin from Mr Morton.

Kennedy with Riely, Coolboy, 1851 ref: 50

Kenny a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 13 f) Ellen 46, Anne 23, Bat 20, Mary 14, Thomas 8. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kenny a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1851 e) 59 f) Thomas 48, Ellen 35, Mary 17, Bartholomew 12, James 10, Richard 6, Edward 4, Anne 2. g) Glenlyon h)

New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column. Mary scratched from list.

Kenny a) Tomacork b) Tomacork c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 153 f) Martin, Catherine, Pat 22, William 16, Denis 14, Owen 13, John 5, Catherine 7, Mary 17. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Lord Fitzwilliam at five shillings per annum. k) Has a pension of £2 p.a. Will emigrate on getting some allowance on account of pension.

Kenny a) Tomacork b) Tomacork c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 29 f) Martin 52, Biddy 30, Denis 22, Owen 20, Catherine 12, Jno. 10, Mary 8, James 3. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Lord Fitzwilliam. Biddy, Mary and James scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kenny with Byrne, Kilcaven, 1855 ref: 6

Keoghoe a) Ballingate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 228 f) Martin 36, Betty 36, Betty 7, Marks 4, Andy 9 mths. His father Marks 60.

Keoghoe a) Bullinagate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 3 f) Martin 40, Betty 32, Marks 6, Andy 4, Mary 10. j) Mr Braddell’s tenant. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Keoghoe a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 36 f) Ellen 36, Rose Kelly 38; Rose’s children Pat 15, Mary 20. Biddy Tracey 11. k) Won’t go. This family also listed in 1853. See below.

Keoghoe a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 7 f) Ellen 37, Pat 17, Rose Kelly 39; her children Pat 16, Mary 21. Denis Kelly 20. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1852. See above.

Keoghoe a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 53 f) John, Bridget, Thomas 23, Edward 20, Ann 19, Margaret 14. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from head tenant Fran. Morton. k) House to come down.

Keoghoe a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 217 f) John 63, Elizabeth 52, Edward 32, John 14, Michael 10, Thomas 6, Sarah 22, Mary 20, Elizabeth 17, Catherine 16, Julia 11, Jane 11. Niece Mary Lynch 32. j) 8 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Keoghoe a) Moyne b) Moyne c) Moyne d) 1854 e) 9 f) Mary 51, Pat 12, John 15. j) Cabin from Garret Keoghoe.

Keoghoe a) Paulbegg b) Paulbeg c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 231 f) James 38, Biddy 30, Ann 8, James 5, Mary 3. Sister-in-law Judith 17; nephew James Fardon 20; Mary 30 and Peggy 24

Keaton & niece Ellen Ward 26 scratched from list. j) 13 acres from Mrs Higginbottom who gave RL 30 shillings to give Keoghoe. (RL refers to Ralph Lawrenson, an employee of the estate involved in compiling the eviction lists).

Keoghoe a) Sleanamoe b) Slievanamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 126 f) Peter 32, Ellen 31, Edward 12, Martin 8, James 6, Mary 5, Eliza 2.5. Brother Edward 16; Thomas Shiel, a friend, 15. j) Holds a cabin and half-acre from Thomas Shiel, a head tenant. See original manuscript for 1847 for full details.

Keppell a) Tullowclay b) Tullowclay c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 79 f) John, Elizabeth, Ann 12, Elizabeth 10, Bridget 7, Thomas 3, John 2. j) Cabin from Peter Tomkin, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Kerrivan a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 134 f) Cornelius 20, Eliza 20. Sister Catherine 24. Eliza’s sisters Ann 24, Betty 22, Mary 18. j) 0.3 acres and cabin on Kerrivan execs holding which will pass to one or other of this two partners.

Kerrivan a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 77 f) Pat 60, Sarah 50, Joanna 24, Sarah 22, Pat 20, Ally 18, Andy 16, John 14, Sarah 12, Jane 10. j) Cabin from William Murphy.

Kerrivan a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 218 f) James 32, Ellen 31, William11, Michael 9, John 6. Father William 50 – name scratched out, since dead. j) Cabin from James

Keeley. k) This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Kerrivan a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 166 f) James 36, Ellen 40, William 12, Michael 9, Jno. 3. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec. k) This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Kerrivan a) L’Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 26 f) Mary, Morgan 30, Pat 28, Margaret 26, Catherine 24, Judy 22. j) Cabin under James Carroll, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Kerrivan a) Park at Coolruss b) Coolruss c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 166 f) Thomas 28. Sisters Mary 25, Hannah 23, Ann 21, Bridget 17, Ellen 15, Bess 13; brother John 19. j) Cabin and half-acre from James Byrne.

Kerrivan a) Parkmore b) Parkmore c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 7 f) Martin 22, Peggy, his sister, 29. g) Confiance j) Cabin from Mrs Symes. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kerrivan a) Rathingraney b) Ratheengraney c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 230 f) James 42, Martha 40, Pat 20, Peter 18, Robert 16, Rosetta 12, Maria 7, Thomas 4, Elizabeth 4. j) Cabin from James Loughlin.

Kerrivan with Cummins, Croneyhorn, 1849 ref: 95

Kerwan a) Munney b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 102 f) Mary 50, Morrigan 31, Pat 29, Margaret 27, Eliza 25, Catherine 23, Judy 21. Grandson James 9 mths. j) Cabin from James Carroll.

Kerwan a) Tubberlonagh b) Toberlownagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 1 f) David 26, Catherine 21. Sister Catherine 22. j) Cabin in the yard with Farrell Keoghoe which he holds rent free. (Five listed as going in NLI Pos 934).

Keton a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1848 e) 125 f) Jacob 40, Anne 35, Susan 20, Thomas 18, Mary 17, Anne 15, William 10. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April14th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Revell. House to come down.

Kidd a) Coolkenna b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 23 f) Jospeh, Catherine, Mary 21, William 18, Joseph 16, Thomas 13. j) 3 acres from Mrs Hastings, a head tenant, who will take possession.

Kimmitt a) Knocknaboley b) Knocknaboley c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 56 f) Jno. 47, Dolly 30, Thomas 16, Maria 12, Dolly 8, John 2. Jane Valentine 23. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kingwith Hefferin, Coolroe, 1853 ref: 54

Kinselagha) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1854 e) 22 f) Judith 40, Edward 22, Michael 20, Ellen 17. Ellen McDaniel, a niece ? child. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from James Tallon. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kinselagha) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 17 f) James 35, Catherine 33, Ann 6, Michael 18 months. j) Tenant of Joseph Clinch, an undertenant of Mr Leonard.

Kinshley a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1847 e) 234 f) Richard 30, Sarah 28, William 14, John 9, Art 4, Richard 6 mths. Brother John 20; brother-in-law Thomas Neal 28; sister-in-law Biddy 27. j) Cabin and half-acre from Mr Rourke.

Kinshley a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 49 f) Pierce 65, Betty 53, Eliza 26, Pierce 24, Jane 20, Margo 15, Thomas 13, Anne 10 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 6 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kinshley a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 84 f) Thomas 41, Peggy 36, Peggy 8, John 6. j) 12 acres from Mr Rhames who will take possession. House to come down.

Kinshley a) Monaghullen b) Mungacullen c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 154 f) James 34, Ann 15, Peggy 12, Ellen 9. Sister Winny 26. j) Cabin and 1 rood from head tenant Michael Noble. To come down.

Kinshley a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1850 e) 26 f) Miles 53, Mary 53, Mary 24, Catherine 22, Pierce 19, Miles 17, Eliza 15, Edward 13. k) Query will Miles jnr go? He is on a trader (i.e. a trading ship) to Liverpool. Chest/Graves in side column.

Kinshley a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 36 f) Ann 40 g) Biddy 21, Margaret 18, Mary Ann 16, James 14. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin on Tracey’s farm, now ejected. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Kinshley with Curran, Hillbrooke, 1849 ref: 21

Lacey a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 16 f) John 53, Catherine 47, Ann 26, Mary 24, James 22, Biddy 20, Jane 18, Ellen 16, Arthur 12, Lally 9, Ally 7. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Richard Clare. Mary 24 was Mary Kelly of Coolboy – NLI 934)

Lacey a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 36 f) Jane 65, Pat 40, Phil 38. Others – Pat Lennon 24; his wife Mary Lennon 28. Phil’s wife Mary 34; their children Catherine 9, Jane 7, Judith 5, Mary 3, Arthur 9 months. Ann 30. j) Cabin from Richard Clare.

Lamb a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 21 f) Edward 25, Mary 3. Brother John, listed as a child so under 14. His name was scratched out. j) Cabin under

Michael Moran, a head tenant. To come down.

Lambert a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 262 f) Catherine 50, Thomas 24, John 22, Jane 20, Mary 17, William 13. j) 7 acres from Mr Edge.

Lambert a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 9 f) John 40, Ann 36, Thomas 15, William 13, George 11, Robert 9, James 7, Alice 9, Sarah 3, Mary 18 mths. j) 13 acres, part of a 42-acre holding, held from year to year. k) Willing to give it up if given allowance in addition to passage and support.

Lambert with Ready, Rathmeagh, 1852 ref: 45

Laurence a) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d)1855 e) 8 f) Henry 44, Anthony 21, Susan 16, Martha 14. k) Chest/Graves in side ledger.

Lawler a) Park at Drumin b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 8 f) Thomas 55, Ellen 45, Ann 24, John 22, James 18, Peter 17, Ellen 14, Mary 11, Thomas 7, Betty 4. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Hopkins.

Lawlor with Welsh, Killinure, 1847 ref: 280

Lawrencea) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 67 f) James 47, Margaret 27, Ann 4, James 2.5, Henry 1. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) 63 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Lawrencea) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1850 e) 16 f) Thomas 56, Henrietta 45, Henry 26, Anne 24, Henrietta 22, John 16, Jane 14, William 11, Isabella 5. John Lawrence 27 – may be a son. Note after his name looks like “deparated nest” g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Lawrencea) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1850 e) 17 f) Anthony 58, Dorothy 50, Henry 27, Anne 24, William 22, Ralph 16. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Lawrencea) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1850 e) 18 f) Henry 59, Margaret 49, Anne 18, Francis Henry 16, William 12, Margaret 11, John 7, Jane 5, Henry 14. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Lawrencea) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 160 f) John 55, Martha 45, Anne 22, Thomas 20, Samuel 17, John 15, William 13, James 11, Henry 9, George 6, Martha 5. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) House and land from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Lawrencea) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1851 e) 33 f) James 43, Mary 40, Ann 14, Susan 12, Jane 11, Mary 9. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 8 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Lawrencea) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1854 e) 23 f) Henry 42, Mary 24, Anthony 20, Susanna 15, Martha 14. j) Cabin and kitchen garden.

Lee a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 12 f) John 42, Mary 38, William 15, John 12, Peggy 10, Michael 8, Joseph 5. Sister Peggy Collier 28; Mary 5. j) Mr Farrar’s tenant. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Leeson a) Ballinglen d) 1854 e) 26 f) Jno 49, William 18, Richard 16, Robert 13, Thomas 9, Jane 7. g) Woodranger. j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Leeson a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 68 f) Isaac 64, James 37,

Rebecca 20, Sarah 17, Isaac 15, Margaret 13. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Leeson a) Killballyowen b) Killballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 94 f) John 55, Elizabeth 40, Joseph 27, John 25, Richard 23, Maria 16, Susan 14, James 12, Elizabeth 10, William 5. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 15 acres from Thomas Gilbert.

Loaghman a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 89 f) Michael 40, Mary 40, Sarah 18, James 17, Hannah 15, George 13, Ellen 11, Eliza 7, Phil 5, Anne 18 mths. Brother Thomas 30. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Sherwood.

Loughlin a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 3 f) Andy 42, Ally 36, James 15, Jane 9. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House to come down. Fifteen shillings per head. Chest/Graves in side column. James scratched from list.

Loughlin a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 66 f) Daniel 50, Eliza 30. j) Cabin. k) “Doubtful” written against Eliza’s name.

Lowry a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1849 e) 47 f) Patrick 34, Mary 38, James 5, Andy 4, Thomas 3, Catherine 2 mths. k) Chest/Graves in side column. No remarks in ledger.

Lynch a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 49 f) Anne 60, Catherine 27, Mary 25, Mick 22, Ann 17, Jane 13, John 5. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross k) John allowed by Mr Challoner -see letter in original manuscript. Chest/Graves in side column.

Lynch a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 14 f) Pat 30, Mary 34, Mary 6, Michael 4, James 3. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Lynch with Keoghoe, Kilcaven, 1847, ref: 217

Lyons a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 157 f) Richard 35, Eliza 24, Murtha Byrne 24. Murtha was a boy Richard reared. j) Cabin from Liam Doyle. k) House to come down.

Lyons a) Boley b) Boley c) Aghowle d) 1851 e) 40 f) Edward 20, Sister Ann 24. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin and 1 rood from Mr Keeley. Chest/Graves in side column.

Macey with Neal, Sleanamoe, 1854, ref: 25

Maguire a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 20 f) Judith 54, Jno. 23, Jane 20, Biddy 17. Jane’s husband Thomas Kelly 20. j) 1 acre from Loughlin. Rejected.

Maher a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 27 f) William 30 j) Cabin from Mrs Symes. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Maher with Keefe, Racott, 1851, ref: 74

Malone a) Corandogg b) Corndog c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 80 f) John 52, Mary 48, Pat 28, Margaret 25, Jno. 21, Owen 18, Andy 15, Mary Anne 6. g) Jessie. h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 6 acres from Mary Hopkins. (Only 5 listed on NLI Pos 934 – no sign of Pat or Margaret)

Maloy a) Killibegg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 82 f) James, Ann, James 23, Nancy 17. j) Cabin and half-rood from Peter Wall. k) House to come down.

Mangan with Byrne, Ardoyne, 1847 ref: 160

Manger with Byrne, Ardoyne, 1847ref: 160

Mangins with Garret, Mullins, 1848 ref: 41

Manly with Crank, Tubberpatrick, 1848 ref: 145

Mara a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 110 f) Pat, Mary, Mary 18, Edward 17, John 15, James 13, Andrew 11, Eliza 7. Mary 18 name scratched off list. j) Cabin from Joseph Griffin, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Mara a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 54 f) Edward 74, Betty 64, Mary 24, Eliza 22, Judith 26. Judith’s husband Michael Donnelly 26. j) 4 acres from Counsellor Brewster who will take possession. k) Cabin to come down. An Elizabeth Mara 63, died at sea on the Progress between May 5th, 1847 and July 14th, 1847.

Maya) Ballisland b) Balisland c) Moyacomb d) 1856 e) 2 f) Mary 65 g) Woodstock k) Mother of Wm. Goodyson (1856 ref 1) and a person it would be adviseable to get rid of. Chest/Graves in side column.

McCann a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1851 e) 72 f) Eliza 54, Bryan 29, Catherine 24, Pat 19, Ann 17, George 15. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec k) Chest/Graves in side column.

McCann a) Minmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 173 f) John 66, Betty 53, George 23, Margaret 25, Mary 23, Eliza 18, Eliza (again!) 19, Anne 15, John 13. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Elizabeth Twamley.

McCann a) Minmore/Parkmore b) Minmore c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 90 f) John, Betty, George 23, Pat 21, Bess 20, Michael 19, Ann 12, John 9. j) Cabin from Elizabeth Twamley. To come down.

McCann a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 38 f) Pat 50, Mary 50, John

20, James 17, Winny 15, Catherine 13, Andy 12, Nessy 6. j) Cabin and kitchen garden. k) Winny scratched from list – not living with this man.

McDaniela) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 196 f) Peter 36, Ellen 38, Thomas 6, Christy 4, Mary 3 mths. j) Cabin and 1 rood from Mr Chamney. k) House to come down.

McDaniela) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 24 f) Pat 60, Mary 53, Daniel 24, Pat 21, John 18, Alicia 13, Margaret (Deegan) 32. Margaret’s husband Edward Deegan

35; their children Ann 2, Mary 6 mths; John Deegan 19. j) Cabin from George Twamley. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

McDaniela) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 51 f) Laurence 37, Nessy 37, Margaret 18, Anne 16, Essy 14, Jno 12, Edward 9, James 7, Mary 3. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 9 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

McDaniela) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 21 f) James 26, Mary 23, Edward 3, Mary 2. His mother Mary McDaniel 60; sister Bess 20. g) India h) New Ross. April

1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

McDaniela) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 13 f) Francis 40, Ellen

40, Mary 20, Ellen 18, Terence 16, Tom 14, Peter 12, Pat 10, James 8, John 6, Frank 4. Mother Ellen 60 g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews. May 28th j) Cabin and 3 acres from Mary Kavanagh. k) Young Frank died on the voyage. Peter and Terry died within three days of each other at St. Andrews.

McDaniela) Killballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 71 f) Villat 40, Annhy

38, James 10, Bridget 8, Mary Ann 6, Eliza 4, John 2. j) House from Widow McDaniel – then a correction – “Has no house from Widow McD. Lives in the town of Wicklow and formerly lived in Mine Rocks”.

McDaniela) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1852 e) 1 f) Matt 40, Mary 26, Mary 13, Pat 10, Matt 8, James 6, Andy 4, John 1. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th j) Cabin. k) Pays no rent. House to come down. Passage and ten shillings per head. Chest/Graves in side column.

McDanielwith Byrne, Munny, 1847 ref: 117

McDanielwith Kinselagh, Ballinulta, 1854 ref: 22

McGarry with Twamley, Cronelea, 1847 ref: 302

McGhee a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1855 e) 7 f) Ellen 52, John 24, Pat

21, Margaret 19, James 17, Mary 13, Larry 12, Joseph 9.

McGormick a) Stratnakelly b) Stranakelly c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 281 f) Michael 50, Ann 52, Pat 30, Thomas 27, James 16, Judith 25, Ann 20, Eliza 14. Sister-in-law Biddy Doyle. j) Cabin from Nicholas Hopkins.

McGrath a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 277 f) William 40, Mary 50, Kitty 19, Margaret 12, Paddy 17, Edward 15, Michael 16. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Timothy Byrne.

McGrath a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecin d) 1848 e) 46 f) Edward 66, William

40, Catherine 28, Sarah 35, Mary 29, Mick 26, Bryan 25. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Edward Kennedy. (Only 6 listed in NLI Pos 934 – no Bryan)

McGrath a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 116 f) Pat, Catherine, Eliza 2. Sister Catherine 18; daughter-in-law Mary 20; Pat Nowlan, his apprentice. j) Cabin from Mr Browne, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

McGrath a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 69 f) Michael, Elizabeth, Nicholas 32, William 30, John 27, James 25, Bridget 22, Elizabeth 18. 1st cousin Biddy McGrath36. j) 5 acres from Mr Browne, a head tenant, part of Abraham Coates’ execs holding. k) Browne to take the land and speak to Mr Challoner about the house.

McGrath a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 20 f) Bridget 45, William 17. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin on Brown’s late holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

McGrath with Tallant, Ballinulta, 1851 ref: 68

McGuerry a) Newcastle b) Newcastle c) Newcastle Lower d) 1848 e) 165 f) Elizabeth 45, John 27, Catherine 23, Pat 18, Morris 16, Michael 15, Edward 12, Mary 10 mths, Mary (again!) 22 mths. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec k) Only 8 listed in NLI Pos 934

McGuire a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 21 f) Pat 48, Mary 44, Mary 23, James 21, Ellen 19, Eliza 17, Pat 15, Peter 13, Margo 11, Denis 7, John 2. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House not down. Chest/Graves in side column.

McGuire a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 8 f) Judy 50, John 27, Jane 22, Biddy 20. Jane’s husband Thomas Kelly 22; their infant Mary. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Passage and fifteen shillings per head. House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Meagher a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 68 f) Thomas 35, Ann 26, Ellen 6, Pat 4, Mary 2. Catherine sister 18. John 20 – “Query as they do be at service”. g) Star h) New Ross. April 21st i) St Andrews. May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Joseph Gilbert. Ellen died at St Andrews on May 31st. (Two year old Mary not on NLI 934)

Meagher a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 157 f) James 50, Catherine 40, Mary 20, Timothy 19, Thomas 17, James 14, Bridget 11. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec

Meagher with Buckley, Coolroe, 1854 ref: 44

Mellon a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 151 f) Michael 30, Ann 29, Peter 7, Jane 5, James 1. Brother Ger 16. g) Swan. h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec

Mellon a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 3 f) Peter 63, Jane 58, John 25, Jane 20. Granddaughter Mary Mellon 10. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th j) Cabin and 3 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Mellon a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 23 f) Martha 50, James 26, Mary 24, Bridget 20. j) Cabin from Robert Collier. k) Query will Martha go? Wants to send others in her place. She and Mary scratched from list, but ticket given for three, Mary included. Chest/Graves.

Merna a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 229 f) Thomas 41, Peggy 40, Biddy 20, Catherine 18, Charles 16, John 14, Ann 12, Peggy 10, Mary 8, Thomas 6. Mother Biddy 65. j) 5 acres from Mrs Leonard.

Merna a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 50 f) James 60, Jane 50, Hugh 8. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 5 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Merna with Rone, Farnees, 1847 ref: 8

Monaghan a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 62 f) Edward, Catherine, Alice 6, Mary 4, Pat 6 mths. Sister Betty Monaghan 26. j) Cabin from Edward Byrne, an undertenant of Mrs Chamney. k) House to come down. A Catherine Monaghan, 31, and Pat, 1, died on the Progress between 5/5/47 and 14/7/47. Buried at sea.

Monaghan a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 44 f) Pat 60, Alice 65, Mary 25, Pat 23. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Carr’s land. k) Pays no rent.

Monaghan a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 61 f) Widow 65, Mary 27, Pat 25. g) Jane h) New Ross. April 10th i) Quebec. June 2nd j) Cabin and kitchen garden at Coolattin. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Mooney a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 220 f) Mary 60, John 32, Michael 30, Paul 30, Peter 26, James 24, Richard 22. Brother Pat Tallon 35. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Cummins who has Andrew Carty’s holding. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Mooney a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 88 f) Mary 60, John 32, Michael 30, Paul 28, Peter 26, James 24. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Cummins. House to come down. This family also listed in 1847. See above.

Moore a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 40 f) Sarah 40, John 18, William 16, Mick 14, Rachel 10, Sarah 6, Pat 4. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam. William scratched from list – “Not her son”. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Moore a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 59 f) Christopher 45, Biddy 24, John 4, Eliza 1 mth. Betty, sister, 22 & Betty 1 – both scratched from list. k) Query will he go? Chest/Graves in side column.

Moore with Pasley, Coollattin, 1851 ref: 3

Morris a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1850 e) 31 f) Stephen 42, Bridget 40, Bessie 13, Fanny 11, Mary Anne 9, Stephen 5, Jane 2. Brother Francis 40. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross. April 20th i) Quebec.

Morrison a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 121 f) Catherine 50, James 22, Peter 20, Mary 18, John 14. Sister Bridget 48; Thomas Finn 25, allowed by Mr Challoner. j) Cabin from George Doyle. k) House to come down. Did not go. Thomas Finn went on the “Jessie”.

Morrison a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 9 f) Catherine 40. Sister Biddy 38; nephew James 20. j) Cabin only. k) This family also listed in 1854. See below.

Morrison a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 12 f) Catherine 40, Sister Bridget 38; nephew James Morrison 22. j) Holds a miserable cabin under Edward Byrne and receives £2-2-0 a year pension. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Morton a) Mucklagh b) Mucklagh c) Kilpipe d) 1854 e) 29 f) James 45, Jane 36, Catherine 20, Elizabeth 16, Jno 12, Mary 9, June 6, Edward 4, Ann 3. j) House from Mrs Gilbert.

Moults a) Tankersley d) 1848 e) 56 f) William 48, Catherine 44, Margaret 24, James 22, Robert 19, William 16, Anne 13, Catherine 9. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 2 acres from Mr Coates.

Mulhall a) Ballard b) Ballard c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 151 f) Thomas, Mary, Richard 9, Mary 7. j) Cabin from Timothy Donoghue. k) House to come down.

Mulhall with Keeley, Lascoleman d) 1848 e) 2 f) Thomas, Bridget, Catherine 7, Mary 5, Ann 3, infant Thomas g) Star h) New Ross April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th k) Originally scheduled to leave 1847 with the Keeleys of”,”Liscolman. Both families went 1848. Mulhall data from passenger list.

Mullen a) Hillbrook b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1848 e) 11 f) Michael 57, Betty 26, Nicholas 25, James 23, Ann 17, Martin 19. Grandson Mick 9, granddaughter Betty 5. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) Cabin and 3 acres from Mr Symes.

Mulleny see Mullery, 1849 ref: 3

Mullery a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 3 f) Elizabeth 50, Mary29, Ellen 21, Mary 19. James Fardon, brother, 28; son-in-law William Collier 30; granddaughter Mary 7. j) Tenant to Joshua Farrer. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Mullhall with Byrne, Glenphillippeen, 1853 ref: 46

Murphy a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 275 f) Timothy 27. Mother Catherine 54; bro James 33; sister Mary 23; niece Mary 5. j) Cabin from Pat Tallon. k) There was a Timothy, 24, arrived Grosse Ile on the “Margaret”, died between June 27 and July 3.

Murphy a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 126 f) John 45, Mary 36, Pat 18, James 16, William 14, Sally 12, Thomas 10, Anne 8, John 3. j) Cabin from Susannah Doyle. k) House to come down.

Murphy a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 67 f) John 44, Margaret 46, Pat 18. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. j) Cabin on Singleton’s late holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 30 f) Margaret 48, John 19, Pat 18, Rose 15, Michael 13, Thomas 11, Miles 9. Stepchildren Mary 26, Catherine 24, James 22. j) House in Carnew, but Lord Fitzwilliam ordered her to be emigrated. Stepchildren not to be sent. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Carrickgalter b) Mullannaskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 235 f) Edward 29, Jane 28, Edward 4, Mary 1. Sister Catherine 35; bro Owen 28; sister-in-law Catherine 26. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Stephen Morris.

Murphy a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 4 f) Honoria 58, Margaret 34, Michael 31, James 23, Pat 20, John 8. Michael’s wife Ann 30. Michael and Ann “are from home”. j) Tenant to Mr Gange. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Coolkenno b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 213 f) John 42″,”Ann 50, Mary 19, Peggy 17, Thomas 15. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Rev Thomas Fishbourne.

Murphy a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 263 7, Mary 4, Pat 2. Cousin Andy Conners 26. j) 10 acres from Mrs Symes.
Murphy a) Hillbrooke/Parkmore b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 91 f) Mary, John 23, Pat 20, Peter 17, Denis 15, George 14. j) 1 acre from Mrs Symes who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Murphy a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 24 f) Francis 38, Laurence 12, Mary 9. Anne Kenny 18. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 10 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Killballyowen b) Killballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 131 f) James 40, Mary 40, Etty 14, Mary 12, Betty 10, Anne 8, Nicholas 6, James 4. j) Cabin from Matt Byrne.

Murphy a) Killibeg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 38 f) Daniel 50, Mary 50, Catherine 27, Mary 25, Anne 22, Bess 20, Denis 18. j) Cabin from Denis McGuire.
Murphy a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 212 f) Michael 33, Mary 35, John 8 days. Brother John 26; sisters Biddy 28, Margaret 24. See original manuscript for 1847 for full details of lease.

Murphy a) Killybegg b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 111 f) Daniel, Mary, Catherine 22, Mary 20, Ann 18, Bess 16, Denis 24. Mother Betty 70. j) Cabin from Denis McGuire, a head tenant. k) Betty Nowlan and family to go instead of this family on giving up her land to Lord Fitzwilliam.

Murphy a) Kilmalone b) Kilmalone c) ? d) 1853 e) 45 f) Thomas 40, Mary 40, Honoria 17, Lizzie 15, Essy 13, James 9, Hugh 8, Tom 4. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin from William Kavanagh k) Wife not included on the ticket to Graves but on the list sent. Chest/Graves in side column.. See in original manuscript for 1853.

Murphy a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1854 e) 49 f) Mary 44, Pat 16, Catherine 13, Thomas 10, Betty 21. k) See note in original manuscript for 1854. Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Parkmore b) Parkmore c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 5 f) Pat 50, Judy 47, John 22, Thomas 19, Martin 16, Elizabeth 13, Alicia 10. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16thj) House and 2 acres from Mrs Symes. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Parkmore b) Parkmore c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 6 f) Margaret 50, John 18, Margaret 13. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th j) 7 acres from Mrs Symes. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Ruddenagh b) Roddenagh c) Kilpipe d) 1854 e) 51 f) Mary 38, Margaret 3. k) Emigrated by order of Lord Milton. Chest in side column.

Murphy a) Tomnafinogue b) Tomnafinnoge c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 42 f) Philip, Biddy, Thomas 16, James 14, Betty 10, Philip 7, Mick 3, Kitty 9 mth. Nephew Edward 20. j) Cabin and 2.5 acres from Mr Morton, a head tenant.

Murphy a) Tomnifinogue b) Tomnafinnogue c) Carnew d) 1853 e) 12 f) Phil 45, Bridget 43, Thomas 20, James 18, Betty 15, Phil 13, Michael 11, Kitty 8, Bridget 3, an Infant. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) 3 acres from Thomas Morton. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Murphy a) Urelands b) Newry c) Newry d) 1847 e) 204 f) John 50, Catherine 50, James 27, Mary 25, Judith 21, Pat 17, Dan 15, Michael 14, Ellen 12, John 10, Catherine 7. Sister Ellen 55; niece Maria 18. j) 2.5 acres from Mr Dowse.

Murphy with Healey, Killinure, 1848 ref: 127

Murphy with Sweeney, Kilguiggan, 1847 ref: 96

Murray a) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1848 e) 142 f) John 40, Mary 35, Pat 9, James 7, Mary 5, Anne 3, John 2. Brother William 28. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 2 acres from Ralph Lawrenson.

Myers a) Tallyhoe d) 1848 e) 177 f) Dorothy 38, Margaret 13, William 11, Susan 9, Bess 7, Richard 4. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) House from William Gilbert, Tallyhoe.

Neala) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 152 f) Henry 50, Betty 45, Bryan 20, Mary 18, Amelia 14, Henry 10. Catherine 30. (surname Clare of Farnees – NLI 934) g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin under Urelands.

Neal a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1851 e) 34 f) Patrick 40, Catherine 30, John 12, Catherine 10, Mai(?) 8, Bridget 6, Mary Ann 3. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin and half-acre from ???? k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Neala) Ballybegg b) Ballybeg c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 49 f) William 35, Jane 25, Catherine 3, Ellen 1. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Neala) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 291 f) John 54, Ann 52, Ellen 34, Thomas 32, Ann 30, Phelim 28, Bess 26, Margaret 24, Maria 22, Jane 19, John 16, Eliza 8, Cathe. 6, Margaret (again) 4

Neala) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 103 f) Biddy 50, Etty 30, Hugh 26, Larry 23, John 19, Anne 24. Hugh’s wife Ann 24; their daughter Biddy 6 mths. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April14th j) Cabin from Jno. Rourke.

Neala) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 59 f) Peggy 54, James 23, Andy 20, Mick 16, Margaret 14, Mary 28, Betty 22, Polly 21, Biddy 24. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin from Jno. Neill.

Neala) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 123 f) Hugh 40, Bridget 40, Pat 19, Mary 16, Daniel 14, Anne 12, Hugh 10. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 4 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Neala) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 39 f) John 34, Biddy 30, Sally 10, Bess 8, James 5, John 2. j) Cabin from Mrs Neal from the ????. k) Widow will not allow the house to come down.

Neala) Rasheenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1848 e) 48 f) James 50, Anne 45, Betty 21, Charles 19, Margaret 17, Fanny 16, Biddy 14, Pat 12. j) Cabin and 2 acres from William Neal, a tenant of Peter Lawrence. This family also listed in 1849. See below.

Neala) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 58 f) Mary 70, Phelim 40, Molly 36, Betty 28, Arthur 27, Pat 26. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Neala) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 62 f) James 54, Anne 45, Betty 22, Charles 20, Fanny 17, Margaret 16, Biddy 15, Pat 12. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) Cabin and 2 acres. k) His family is in Dublin. Report says he will put a man from Knockananna and family in his place. Query. Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1848. See above.

Neala) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 223 f) Thomas 40, Hetty

43, John 19, Garrett 15, James 13. j) 7 acres from Mr Edge.

Neala) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1852 e) 49 f) James 50, Anne 38, Eliza 18, Jno 16, Jane 14, James 12, Mary Anne 8, Thomas 6, Pat 2. g) Lord Ashburton k) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest in side column.

Neala) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1853 e) 19 f) Jno. 45, Ann 40, James 16, Ann 14, Mary 12, Peggy 10, Bridget 7, Jno. 4. j) House and garden from Thomas Shiel. Did hold 70 acres from ….(Blank). This family also listed in 1854. See below.

Neala) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1854 e) 25 f) Jno 45, Anne 40, James 17, Anne 15, Jno 13, Mary 11, Margaret 8, Bridget 18 months. Mother Judy Macey 60. j) Cabin from Jno Shiell. k) This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Neala) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 37 f) Anne 60, Mick 30, Anne 21. j) Cabin only. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Nealwith Balance, Gurteen, 1847 ref: 97

Nealwith Balance, Gurteen, 1848, ref: 172

Nealwith Kennedy, Rosnastraw, 1848 ref: 22

Nealwith Summers, Croneyhorn, 1849 ref: 43

Neale a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 115 f) Owen 61, Margaret 60, Mary 21, Margaret 18. Thomas Quinn 16. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Thomas Hughes, a head tenant. Query. k) An Owen Neale, 62, died on the Progress between 5/5/47 and 14/7/47. Buried at sea.

Neale a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 33 f) Peter, Mary, Thomas 13, Owen 11, Mary Ann 9, Bridget 6, Pat 3. Brother Thomas 22. j) 1.5 acres, part of Neale & Foley holding, still on lease. k) To be given up to his brother who holds another portion of the holding. A Mary & Peter Neil died on Grosse Isle, arrived on “Progress”.

Neale a) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 171 f) Patrick 40, Sisters

Catherine 33, Betty 50; brother Michael 43. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin from George Mordant.

Neale a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 199 f) Michael 30, Bess 21, James 1. Brother William 20. j) Cabin from Jno. Hennessy, a head tenant of William Ireland.

Neale a) Coolkenno b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 56 f) Pat 46, Jane 40, John 20, Mary 14, Margaret 12, Catherine 6, Pat 2. j) Cabin from Mr Kenny, a head tenant. To come down.

Neale a) Gowle b) Gowle c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 167 f) Thomas 28, Catherine 28, Eliza 8, James 6, Maria 4, John 3, Teresa 6 weeks. Brother James 30. j) Cabin from Mr Rhames. k) To come down.
Neale a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 3 f) James 20, Brothers John

17, Denis 14; sisters Ann 28, Catherine 23, Mary 11. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St

Andrews, May 28th j) Holds a cabin and 5 acres from Jno. O’Neill.

Neale a) Kilquiggan b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 301 f) Michael 53, Catherine 50, Michael 26, Margaret 24, Dolly 22, Mary 20, William 18, Pat 16, Phil 14. Sister Mary 46. j) 7 acres to be given to Mr Wall, the landlord.

Neale a) Knockeen b) Knockeen c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 4 f) Peter, Bridget, Alice 12, Bridget 5. j) Cabin from James Kelly, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Neale a) Paulbegg b) Paulbeg c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 162 f) Pat 35, Mary 32, Pat 13, John 11, Mary 9, Eliza 7, Michael 5, Thomas 2 mths. j) Cabin and 3 roods from R.L. (Ralph Lawrenson, a head tenant and estate employee)

Neale a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 35 f) Pat 56, Andrew 27. Andrew’s wife 27; their children Pat 6, Judy 4, Terence 2. j) 6a.2r.28p. from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Has part of his house let to James Dixon for the last 2 years. Chest(RL)/Graves in side column.

Neale a) Sleaghroe b) Slieveroe c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 243 f) James 40, Ann 35, Eliza 15, John 12, Jane 9, Mary 5, James 7, Thomas 2, Pat 2 days. j) 15 acres, part of Thomas Malone’s holding.

Neale a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 6 f) James, Mary, Bryan 3, Rose 2, Mother Ann; sister Ann 17; bro Michael 34. j) 16.5 acres from Mr Levan who will take possession.

Neil a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 101 f) Laurence 48, Anne 36, James 6. Brother Denis 36; Denis’ wife Margaret 26; their son Denis 6 j) Cabin and 16 acres from Jno. Neil.

Neilla) Kilpipe b) Kilpipe c) Kilpipe d) 1854 e) 13 f) Jno 40, Biddy 38, Sally 14, Bess 13, James 9, Jno 7, Terry 3, Nannie 6 months. j) Lives on Jno O’Neill’s ??? holding, late James of the field ???

Noblet a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 225 f) Matthew 27, Mary 31, Sarah 7 (or 1). k) Residing with Pat Kavanagh who intends to emigrate too.

Noblet with Kavanagh, Sleanamoe, 1847 ref: 128

Nolan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 20 f) Biddy 50, Thomas 21, Anne 19. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Nowlan a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 39 f) James 23 g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Nowlan a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 184 f) Thomas 56, Mary 55, Mary 28, Ann 24, Edward 23, Kitty 20, Pat 17. j) 1 acre from Terence Donnelly.

Nowlan a) Melitia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 205 f) John 50, Catherine 35, Judith 18, Pat 10, John 7, James 5. Sister Jane 30. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Brownrigg.

Nowlan a) Militia b) Moylisha c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 42 f) Pat 50, Betty 38, Peggy 20, James 18, Mary 17, Mick 16, John 14, Ellen 13, Biddy 7, Martin 9. j) House and 5 acres from Mr Brownrigg.

Nowlan a) Muskeagh b) Muskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 19 f) Catherine 51, James 26, Mary 22, Jno. 18, Bess 14, Biddy 12. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 5 acres from O. Byrne. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Jno scratched from list.

Nowlan with McGrath, Killinure, 1847 ref: 116

Nun a) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 167 f) Robert 25, Jane 21, Frances 3. g)Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec

O’Neal a) Kilballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1850 e) 32 f) Pat 50, Dolly 41, Mary 24, Miles 17, John 15, Anne 13, Andrew 11, Martin(?) 8, Pat 5, Bridget 18 mths. Martin(?), brother, 35; his wife Mary 29; their daughter Bridget 6 mths. g) Juno h) New Ross. May 19th i) Quebec. July 3rd k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Osborne with Bedlow, Coolattin, 1847 ref: 283

Owens a) Askikeagh b) Askakeagh c) Preban d) 1855 e) 2 f) Michael 55, Mary 55, Mary 10, Bridget 18, Elizabeth 16. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Owens a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 45 f) Thomas 38, Ellen 40, Thomas 17. j) Cabin from Robert Challoner. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Owens a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 40 f) John 20, Sisters Mary 22, Kitty 16, Anne 14, Eliza 12; brother, Edward 18. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St. Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 5 acres from Mrs Leonard.

Parsley a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 52 f) Jno. 50, Mary 50, Robert 15, Maria 13, Martha 12, Thomas 18. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) 12 acres of land. k) Duplicate ticket. Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed as Pasley in 1851. See below.

Pasley a) Collattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 3 f) Mary 42, Robert 20, Richard 18, Thomas 16, Anne 12, Martha 9, Sarah 7, Sister Dolly Moore 36; George Moore 6 (Dolly’s son?) g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Pasley a) Glenphillippeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1851 e) 5 f) John 40, Mary 40, Robert 13, Maria 10, Martha 8. j) 13 acres from Mr Dowse. Rejected. k) This family also listed as Parsley in 1853. See above.

Pearce a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 237 f) William 45, John 21, Ann 19, Elizabeth 17, Emily 13, William 7, Maria 4. j) House in Carnew from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Pearson a) Carnew b) Carnew c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 77 f) Richard 56, Sister Sarah 60; brother John 45 g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. j) 20 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Philips a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 40a f) Anne 35, Mary 18, Kate 15, Margaret 13. Catherine Synnott, mother, 50; Christopher, brother, 20. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Pierce a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 11 f) Rachel 56, William 24, Edward 22, Robert 17, Rachel 5 (15?) g) Pilgrim j) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec j) Cabin only. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Pierce a) Rosbawn b) Rosbane c) Kilcommon d) 1849 e) 92 f) Nelly 54, Thomas 30, John 28, Mary 26, Michael 24, Catherine 22, Jane 20, Ann 18. Grandchild Anne, infant. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Pierce a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 261 f) Biddy 46, Thomas 21, John 20, Betty 16, Fanny 14, Biddy 10, Peggy 8, Michael 4. j) 4 acres from Michael Dorcey.

Pierce with Kennedy, Tomnafinogue, 1847 ref:168

Pollard a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 104 f) Mary 43, Eliza 20, William 18, Sally 12, Mary 10. Thomas Pollard, brother, 26. Names scratched out. g) Jessie. h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from Thomas Freeman. k) Only 5 listed in NLI Pos 934- no Thomas.

Pollard a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 114 f) Mary 53, Margaret 23, John 19. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin from George Hawkins. k) House to come down.

Popham a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 15 f) John 28, Mary 30, Sarah 4, Abey 2, Thomas 1 Brother-in-law Thomas Bain 22. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Captain Nickson.

Prendergast with Reilly, Ballyraghine, 1847 ref: 136

Prestley a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 36 f) James 43, Bess 41, Catherine 13. Ally Byrne 40; her sister Ellen 36; Ellen’s daughter, Catherine 14. All scratched – NOT TO BE SENT. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and 3 acres from Coady. k) Ellen and Catherine lived with Thomas Blake, Carnew, now in the Poor House. Chest/Graves in side column.

Prestley a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 129 f) Pat 27, Sally 20, Andy1. Brother Mick 25. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and 10 acres from Jno. Neill.

Prestley a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1847 e) 7 f) Robert 32, Susan 34, Joseph 10, Henry 7, William 4, Rachel 2, Sister Henrietta 28. j) Cabin and kitchen garden on Robert Prestley snr’s holding, a head tenant. k) House to come down.
Prestley a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1850 e) 8 f) Robert 36, Mary 35, Eliza 11, John 9, Mary 8, Joe 6, Jane 5, Anne 3, Letitia 22 mths. Sister Anne 26; brother John 24; sister Letitia 17. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th j) House and land from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Prestley with Connors, Motybower, 1851 ref: 16

Quail a) Bullingate b) Ballingate c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 40 f) “Widow” 60, Michael 28, John 24, Peggy 37, Samuel 9. j) Mr Braddell’s tenant.

Quigley a) Hillbrook b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 78 j) James 40 g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Quinn with Neale, Aghold, 1847, ref: 115

Quirke a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 141 f) Peter 55, Betty 45, John 20, Pat 18, Thomas 16, Mary 14, William 12, Peter 10. j) Cabin from Pat Hatch. k) House to come down.

Rappell see Kappell, Mullins, 1852, ref:52

Ray a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 201 f) Richard 42, Catherine 40, Laurence 18, Joesph 16, John 14, Judith 3.Brother James 38. j) 1.5 acres from Patsy Byrne.

Ready a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1852 e) 45 f) Edward 45, Sarah 50, Ally 25, Mary 23, Willie 20 – all live in Dublin, Ann 10. k) Catherine Lambert 27 (oldest daughter?) not going. Chest in side column.

Redmonda) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 63 f) Jno. 45, Eleanor 45, Biddy 10, Thomas 6, Eleanor 3. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec j) Cabin on Mr Smith’s late holding.

Redmonda) Ballraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 78 f) Edward, Bridget, Jane 21, Mary 19, Sarah 17, William and Catherine 16, Peggy 14, Ann 13. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Peter Tomkin. k) Cabin to come down.

Redmond a) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 86 f) John 30, Anne 40, Mary 9. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) Cabin from William Driver. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Redmondwith Connor, Tighlin, 1848 ref: 181

Redmondwith Walker, Cronelea, 1847 ref: 182

Reilley with Free, Kilcaven, 1847

Reilly a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 137 f) James, Ann, Simon 18 months. Catherine Prendergast, cousin, 20. j) Cabin from Simon Reilly, his father, an undertenant of Mrs Chamney.

Reilly a) Ballyraghine b) Ballyraheen c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 266 f) John 50, Mary 50, James 21, Edward 19, Thomas 15, Mary 8, Michael 6. j) Cabin and 2 roods from Mrs Chamney.

Reilly a) Muney b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1848 e) 118 f) Biddy 40. Sister Ann 34. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec

Reilly a) Munny b) Money c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 50 f) Ann, Sister Bridget. j) Cabin from John Nowland. k) House to come down.

Rickerby with Whelan, Tomacork, 1854 ref: 24

Riely a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 50 f) James 30, Ally 50, Mary Kennedy 28; Margaret Fox 24, Simon Fox 17, John Fox 10. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Mr Chamney. k) Query whether Mary Kennedy’s huswill go. Surly complexion, lives near Dublin, red-headed, coarse features. Chest/Graves in side column.

Roach a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1850 e) 5 f) Catherine 46, Bess 20, William 17, Thomas 15, Matt 12, Robert 9. Stepdaughter Jane 26. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th j) House and land from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves
in side column.

Roach a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1850 e) 6 f) William 53, Eliza 42, Rachel 24, Robt 19, James 16, Bess 14, Susan & Mary twins 12, William 9, Sarah 7, Isaac 5, Hannah & Ellen twins 1. g) India h) New Ross, April 1st i) Quebec, May 11th j) House and land from Lord Fitzwilliam. Chest/Graves in side column. No support.

Roach a) Motybower b) Motabower c) County Wexford d) 1850 e) 7 f) Robert 53, Anne 51, Rosannah 21, Robert 18, William 15, Eliza 12, Ruth 8. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th j) House and 26 acres. Chest/Graves in side column. No support.

Roarke a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 44 f) Michael 42, Margaret 40, Judith 16, Thomas 13, Hugh 11, Margaret 7, Michael 4. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st i) Quebec. July 25thk) Chest/Graves in side column.

Roarke a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 125 f) Thomas, Fanny. j) Cabin and 1 acre from Henry Jackson, an undertenant of Michael Symes.

Roche a) Ballyvolen b) Ballyvolan c) Newcastle d) 1848 e) 164 f) Michael 50, Eleanor 40, Pat 16, James 14, Thomas 1. Michael Higgins 30. g) Swan h) New Ross, June 9th i) Quebec.

Rone a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1847 e) 8 f) Matty, Catherine, William 7, Martin 5, Margaret 3. Brother-in-law James Merna. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mrs Leonard, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Rossetter a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 39 f) Ann 53, Thomas 28, Jno 25, Ann 22, Margaret 19, Peter 16, Mary 13, Catherine 12. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno Nowlan, an undertenant. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1847. See below.

Rossiter a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 47 f) Ann, Pat 26, Thomas 23, Ann 20, John 17, Margaret 14, Mary 10, Peter 8, Kitty 5.5 yrs. Pat’s wife Ann; their sons John 5, Thomas 2.5 yrs. j) Cabin and half-acre. k) Will give it up to her brother Edward Trainery who holds 10.5 acres from Mr Swan. House to come down.

Rothwell a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilcommon d) 1853 e) 41 f) Edward 57, Jno 27, William 14. g) Harmony h) New Ross k) Duplicate ticket. Sent on list for Dunbrody, but to go in Harmony if ???? Chest/Graves in side column.

Rourke a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 269 f) Thomas 34, Fanny 32. Niece Elizabeth 17. j) Cabin and 1 acre from H. Jackson.

Russell with Byrne, Knocknaboley, 1850 ref: 11

Ryan a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 75 f) Thomas 45, Nancy 45, John 12, Mick 10, Nicholas 7. Sister Biddy 40; Bess Doyle, niece 27; Mick Doyle, nephew 25. Both Bess and Mick scratched from list. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec.June 1st j) 5.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Ryan a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 18 f) Mick 45, Mary 50, Ellen 25, Denis 23, Pat 20, Michael 16, Mary 13. j) William Carroll’s tenant. House to come down. Declines going. This family also listed in 1851. See below.

Ryan a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1851 e) 29 f) Mick 46, Mary 55, Denis 23, Pat 21, Mick 19, Mary 17. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin under Jno. Roarke (late Carroll holding). k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1849. See above.

Ryan a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 25 f) Thomas 50, Ellen 50, Bridget 25, Mary 23, Bess 22, Jno. 20, Denis 18, Ellen 16, Anne 14, Catherine 12, James 10, Richard 8, Martin 6. j) Cabin from Robert Collier. k) House to come down. Martin scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Ryan a) Mullins b) Mullans c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 51 f) Thomas 35, Catherine 35, Bridget 9, Mary 7, Jane 3. Jane Allen 50; Pat 24. g) Lord Ashburton i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Sallenger a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 122 f) Thomas, Sarah, Catherine 3, Ann 1. Sister Biddy 35; brother Peter 33; mother Catherine 60; niece Catherine 20; nephew Denis Byrne 22; Mary (Catherine&Denis’s mother) 50 j) 9 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Will give it up. He wishes to be sent to St. Lewis (sic). — New York written as a side-note.

Scantlin a) Stratnakelly b) Stranakelly c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e) 5 f) William 32, Betty 30, Mary 11, James 9, Anne 6, John 4. Mother Mary 51; brother James 28. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) Cabin and 2 acres under Mr. Brewster.

Shanks with Clare, Knockadoomcoyle, 1847 ref: 89

Shannon a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 22 f) Ann 50, Sally 18, Mary 16, Margaret 13, Anne 10. j) 3.5 acres from Mrs Symes. k) Produces certificate that house will come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Shannon a) Kilcaven b) Kilcavan c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 293 f) Biddy 35, Thomas 10. k) Lives with Thomas Balf.

Shannon with Foster, Coolattin, 1850 ref: 9

Shearman with Doran, Kilcaven, 1850 ref: 25

Sheridan a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 133 f) Laurence35, Bridget 33, Mary 11, Bridget 9, Pat 6, Michael 2. j) Cabin from Thomas Shiels. k) Gave up about 10 acres.

Sheridan a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 20 f) Edward 40, Ann 39, Pat 19, William 16, Mary 14, Laurence 12, Terence 7, Bridget 5, Ann 2. Brother Michael 35. j) 15 acres from Thomas Shiel, a head tenant who will take possession. k) House to come down. A Bridget Sheridan, aged 3, buried at sea from “Colonist” between 13/7/1847 and 29/8/1847.

Sheridan with Harmon, Ballenguile, 1850 ref: 30

Sherlock a) Farnees b) Farnees c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 28 f) Mary 37, Thomas 19, Biddy 17, Ann 11, Pat 5. j) Cabin on Mrs Leonard’s holding.

Shiela) Ballenguile b) Ballinguile c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 156 f) Pat 68, Judith 50, Mary 30, Dolly 28, Judith 26, Thomas 24, Ann 22, John 18. j) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec

Shiela) Kilquiggan b) Kilguiggin c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 11 f) Mary 49, Thomas 22, Jno 20, James 18, Kitty 13, Pat 11, Peter 8. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Thomas Wall. k) Chest/Graves in side column. Thomas scratched from list. This family also listed in 1847. See below.

Shiela) Kilquiggan b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 169 f) James 50, Mary

50, Thomas 17, John 15, James 13, Pat 11, Peter 9, Catherine 7. Catherine, his mother, 80 j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Wall. k) House to come down. Footnote – Mick Neal to go instead. This family also listed in 1853. See above.

Shielwith Keoghoe, Sleanamoe, 1847 ref: 126

Simpson a) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 74 f) Margaret 55, John 22, Catherine 25, Michael 19, William 17, Pat 14. j) Cabin from Wecks, one of those occupying Henry Watchorn’s holding.

Singleton a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinaccuff d) 1850 e) 38 f) William 66, Mary 63, Alicia 20, Sally 19, John 25. John’s wife Sally 30; their son William 4. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st i) Quebec. July 25th. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Singleton a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1850 e) 24 f) John 52, Hannah

51, John 22, James 20, Ellen 17, Henry 15, William 12, Hannah Marie 9, Thomas 7. Niece Mary Singleton 40. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Singleton a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 4 f) Thomas 43, Elizabeth 41, Alice 19, Ellen 15, Bess 13, Kitty 11, Mary Ann 7, Michael 6, Essy 2. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Slack a) Sleanamoe b) Slievenamough c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 129 f) Jane 20, Mary Whelan, her cousin, 19; Biddy Kavanagh, her comrade, 22 j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Thomas Shiel. k) Holding to be given up.

Slater a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 94 f) David 36, Esther 30, Richard 17, Thomas 15, Mary 9, Dolly 7, Elizabeth 4. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Slater a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 122 f) Dorothy 70, George 38, Abraham 30. George’s wife Jane 36, daus. Catherine 9, Dolly 7. Abraham’s wife Sarah

30, children Elizabeth 6, George 4. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 6 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Also, William Greyley 27 allowed by Mr. Challoner. (Only 9 listed in NLI Pos 934 – no Dorothy)

Slater a) Tubberpatrick b) Toberpatrick c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 62 f) John 39, Mary 36, Sally 17, George 15, Thomas 13, Mick 11, John 9, Ellen 3. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 2 acres, part of George Slater’s holding. (Down as Sleater in NLI Pos 934)

Smith a) Ballagh b) Ballagh c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 138 f) Robert 60, Rebecca 54, William 28, Elizabeth 23, Benjamin 18, Martha 16, Robert 14. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) 44 acres from Fitzwilliam. k) Now in the possession of Mrs Pearse.

Smith a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 10 f) William 51. Nephew John Smith 18, with uncle for 18 yrs; niece Mary Carey 9, with uncle for past 7 yrs j) Mrs Symes’ tenant. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Sprat a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 132 f) Michael 40, Mary 36, William 15, Mary 13, Eliza 10, Bridget 7, Catherine 4. Brother Charles 48. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 10 acres from Mr Hope. k) No Charles on NLI 934 – but Betty Byrne 22 added.

Stafford a) Corravanish b) Curravanish c) Kilcommon d) 1854 e) 47 f) Michael 55, Mary 50, Dorothy 18, Mary 20, Thomas 15. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Stedman a) Killballyowen b) Kilballyowen c) Preban d) 1848 e) 38 f) John 42, Mary 43, Thomas 23, Pat 21, Biddy 16, Dolly 13. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and half-rood from Doyle’s farm under ejectment.

Stokes d) 1847 e) 305 f) Ann 50, Catherine 20, Ellen 19, Terence 16, Ann 14.

Straghan a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 28 f) Isaac 65, Sarah 20, Anne 16, Bessie 14, Maria 9, Jane 5. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Styles a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 30 f) Elizabeth 54, Jane 22, Bessie 20, Sarah 19, Mary 15. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) Cabin from Edward Dagg. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Summers a) Coollattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 53 f) Thomas 35, Margaret 12, Mary 10, Mick 8, Ann 6, Sarah 4. Simon (a brother?) 37; Mary Byrne 25. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th k) Query against Mary Byrne’s name. Chest/Graves in side column.

Summers a) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 43 f) Pat 40, Judy 48, Edward 11, Mary 9, Ally 3. Sister-in-law Mary Neal 65. j) Cabin from James Bain. k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Summers a) Hillbrooke b) Hillbrook c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 289 f) John 30, Ann 21, James 8 mths. His father Owen 60; an apprentice Silvester Donoghue 18. j) Cabin and garden from Mr Brislawn, a tenant of Mr Symes.

Summers a) Park at Drummin b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1847 e) 232 f) James 30, Catherine 29, Michael 12, Bridget 8, Pat 6, Mary 2. Sister Catherine 24. j) Cabin from Jno. Murphy.

Summers a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 242 f) John 48, Mary 48, Pat 24, John 22, James 20, Mary 16, Thomas 5, William 2. j) 9 acres from Mr McKenna, a son-in- lae of Mr Edge.

Summers a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1851 e) 22 f) Daniel 35, Margaret 39, Bess 3. j) 2 acres from Mr Edge. k) Rejected.

Summers a) Urelands b) Newry c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 147 f) John 50, Betty 50, Michael 24, Marks 22, James 20, John 18, Thomas 16, Pat 14, Eliza 12, Ally 10. g) Star h) New Ross< April 21st i) St Andrew, May 28th j) 3.5 acres and cottage from Mr Dowse. k) House to come down.

Sweeney a) Kilguiggan b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 96 f) Mary 52, Roger 30, Denis 22, John 16, Ann 24, Catherine 6. John Murphy, Mary’s brother, 50. j) 0.25 acres from

Thomas Wall. k) House to come down. Pension of 20 shillings per annum.

Sweeney a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 71 f) Pat 40, Biddy 23, Mary 10, Fanny 7, Anne 5, Pat 2 mths. j) Cabin and 24 acres. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Sweeney a) Rashenmore b) Rathshanmore c) Hacketstown d) 1849 e) 72 f) John 70, Edward 35, John 25, Rose 22. Edward’s wife Margaret 30; their children Rosanna 2, Kate 9 mths. j) 16acre 1rood 5perches k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Synnott with Philips, Ballinulta, 1852 ref: 40a

Tallant a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 68 f) James 29, Mary 33, Garret 4. Mother Bridget 63; sister Bridget 23; Cousin William McGrath 10. g) Pilgrim h) New Ross. May 1st. i) Quebec. j) Cabin and land on Tallant & Hatch’s holding. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Tallon a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1853 e) 3 f) Peter 26. Brothers & sister: Garret 20, Edward 16, Larry 13, Catherine 18. g) Dunbrody i) New Ross j) Cabin only. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Tallon a) Kilguiggan b) Kilquiggan c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 250 f) Peter 46, Ellen 41, James 21, Denis 19, Thomas 18, Matt 15, John 10, Peter 9 mth j) Cabin and 3 acres from Thomas Wall.

Tallon a) Knockadoomcoyle d) 1847 e) 135a f) Edward 32, John 12, Edward 10, Mary 7, Laurence 8 (scratched), Mat 6 months also scratched. Brother John 30 k) See original manuscript for 1847 for full details.

Tallon a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 135 f) Edward 72, Mary 62, James 26, Mary 25, Alice 15. Grandson Edward 7; brother John 30. k) See Notes for 1847 for full details. See also ref 135a (above) 1847 for details of rest of family.

Tallon a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 30 f) Isaac 36, Anne 32, Mary 12, Larry 10, Jno. 7, Bridget 5, Edward 2. g) Confiance I) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Tallon a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 31 f) Matt 56, Mary 54, Bess 26, John 24, Mary 22, Ally 19, Matt 16, Margaret 15, James 13, Edward 6. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Allowed ten shillings a head. Chest/Graves in side column.

Tallon a) Knocknadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 136 f) Peter. Niece Margaret 17. j) Cabin from Henry Blake. To come down.

Tallon with Byrne, Lugduff, 1853 ref: 25

Tallon with Horagan, Ballyconnell, 1847 ref: 143

Tallon with Hughes, Kilguiggan, 1847 ref: 92

Tallon with Mooney, Knockeen, 1847 ref: 220

Taylor a) Coolattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1852 e) 9 f) Joseph 40, Biddy 40. Nephews Joe Taylor 20 and Pat Taylor 16. K) Query will they be sent. Pat scratched off list. g) Ilconsby?? k) Query will they go. Wife very unwell.

Thompson a) Coolelug b) Coolalug c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 139 f) William 44, Alice 46, Mary Anne 19, Elizabeth 16, Alice 14, Joseph 12, Samuel 9, Anne 2. Niece Ann Byrne 20. j) Cabin and 20 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Timmons a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 274 f) Mary 50, Peter 25, Catherine 30, Jane 21, Betty 18, Ann 16, Pat 12, Sarah 9, Peggy 7. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Singleton and 6 acres from Jno. Singleton.

Timmons a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 66 f) Joseph 52, Catherine 42.

Toban a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1854 e) 46 f) Pat 50, Mary 53, Ellen 28, Mary 26, Thomas 24, Edward 18, Anne 20, Margaret 16. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Samuel Griffin. k) Postponed.

Tobin a) Knocklow b) Knockloe c) Liscolman d) 1848 e) 112 f) Pat 25. BrotSimon 23, John 17. g) Aberfoyle h) New Ross, April 14th j) Cabin from Mr Browne.

Tomkin a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 64 f) Charles 30, Anne 30, James 9. Mother-in-law Mary Byrne 50. Query will she go? j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Griffin. k) This family also listed in 1853. See below.

Tomkin a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1853 e) 34 f) Charles 35, Anne 35, James 12. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross j) Cabin from Jno. Griffin. k) Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1848. See above.

Tomkin a) Lascolman b) Liscolman c) Liscolman d) 1847 e) 77 f) Thomas, Ann, Mary 8, Margaret 7, Ann 5, Catherine 4, Ellen 3 mths. j) Cabin from Peter Byrne, a head tenant. k) Query if it should come down.

Tomkin a) Newtown d) 1852 e) 19 f) Catherine 50, Peter 28, Fanny 24, Mary 22, Jno. 20, Robert 17, Catherine 13. Christopher Warren 10. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) £15 on account of passage and support. House down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Tomkin a) Newtown d) 1852 e) 35 see 1852 ref 19 this is a double entry

Tompkin a) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 90 f) William 35, Susan 26, Robert 9, John 4, Abraham 17. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) Cabin from William Driver. Chest/Graves in side column.

Toole a) Ballinicionogue b) Ballyshonog c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 84 f) Pat 45, Mary 33, Mary 20, Thomas 17, Hannah 15, Peter 14, James 8, Pat 3. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May 17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and 8.5 acres on Messrs Bates & Morton’s holding. k) House to come down. (Only 7 listed in NLI Pos 934)

Toole a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 123 f) Pat, Peggy, Mary 5, Mick 3. Sister Maria 16. Maria’s son Denis 1 (scratched out). j) 7 acres from William Ireland, a head tenant, who will take possession. k) House to come down. A Michael Toole, 2, died Grosse Ile between July 11 and 17. Arrived on the “Progress”.

Toole a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1850 e) 1 f) John 47, Mary 51, Mary 13, Eliza 9. Edward Kearns, a relative, 22. g) India h) New Ross. April 1st i) Quebec. May 11th. j) Cabin and 1.5 acres. Chest/ Graves in side column.

Toole a) Glandphilipeen b) Glenphilippeen c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 12 f) Mary 50, Catherine 27, Mick 25, John 23, Bess 20, Pat 16, James 12, Mary 7. g) Jessie h) New Ross, May17th i) Quebec j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Dowse. k) No Bess on NLI 934 but Walter Tyrrell of Coolboy ,25, added.

Toole a) Gurteen b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 11 f) Thomas 50, Mary 54, James 20, Pat 18, Kitty 17, Lawrence 14, Thomas 12, William 10, Martin 4, Michael 6, Ann 8. k) Duplicate, having lost his last ticket. Chest/Graves in side column. This family also listed in 1848. See below.

Toole a) Gurteen at Mount Pleasant b) Gorteen c) Kilcommon d) 1848 e) 85 f) Thomas 40, Mary 40, James 20, Pat 18, Peggy 16, Kitty 14, Lawrence 13, Thomas 12, Bill 10, Anne 8, Mick 6, Martin 4. j) Cabin and 4 acres from Mr Dowling. k) House to come down. This family also listed in 1849. See above.

Toole a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 69 f) Bart. 50, Anne 48, Thomas 24, Bess 21, Judy 18, Mary 17, Anne 14, James 12, Ellen 10, John 8. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Mr Dowzer.

Toole a) Killibegs b) Killabeg c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 161 f) Luke. Brothers John 30, Michael 20; sisters Mary 28, Ann 26, Judith 24, Biddy 22. j) Cabin and kitchen garden fromDenis McGuire, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Toole a) Muskeagh b) Muskeagh c) Kilcommon d) 1852 e) 32 f) Catherine 61, Patrick 30, James 27, Richard 20. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House down. Both Patrick and James scratched from list then a note after Patrick’s name – “in England –query”; after that was added “Police” and “Patrick will go”.

Toole with Curren, Coolboy, 1851 ref: 70

Tracey a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 279 f) Thomas 38, Ann 34, James 8, Mary 5. Mother Mary 57; brother Michael 25. j) Cabin from J. Dorcey.

Tracey a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1853 e) 44 f) Alice 34, Bridget 12, Michael 10, Thomas 8, Mary an infant. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) 10 acres from Michael Tracey. Chest/Graves in side column.

Tracey a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1854 e) 31 f) Michael 65, Bridget 63, Michael 31, Daniel 27, Peter 23, Bridget 18. j) Cabin and half-acre from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) This family also listed in 1851. See below.

Tracey a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1851 e) 32 f) Michael 60, Bridget 59, Michael 30, Daniel 24, Peter 21, Pat 18, Biddy 15. j) 2.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Rejected. This family also listed in 1854.

Tracey a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1851 e) 35 f) John 35, Ally 35, Mary 12, Michael 10, Biddy 8, Thomas 6, Pat 3, John 1. j) Cabin and 1 acre from his father Michael Tracey. Rejected.

Tracey with Keoghoe, Coolattin, 1852 ref: 3

Trainer with Fox, Coolboy, 1849 ref: 33

Trainery a) Tombreane b) Tombreen c) Carnew d) 1847 e) 75 f) Thomas, Celia, Ann 10, Simon 7, Michael 5, Peter 2. Brother James; sister Mary; cousin Michael Connors 28. j) 1.125 acres from Mrs Swan who will take possession. k) House to come down.

Trainor a) Croneyhorn b) Croneyhorn c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 42 f) Thomas 40, Honoria 36, Mick 15, Ned 13, Catherine 10, Thomas 7, John 5, James 2. j) Cabin from James Bain. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Travers a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1852 e) 15 f) Miles 56, Peter 30. Peter’s wife Etty 27; their children Miles 10, Pat 8, Essy 2. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Twamley a) Ballykelly b) Ballykelly c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 54 f) Henry 53, Elizabeth 50, James 27, Mick 23, Peter 21, Mary 18, Elizabeth 16, Jane 14. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Cabin from Mr Barker. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Twamley a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 302 f) Zacharia 50, Ann 44, Dora 13, James 10, John 8, Christopher 5, William 2. Ann McGarry, a foundling, 19. k) The names Eliza and Susan Jones were scratched from the list.

Twamley a) Rosnakill d) 1852 e) 42 f) Henrietta 48, Peter 26, Mary 24. Mary’s husband John Dillon 30; their sons Richard 4, Jno 2. K) Peter scracthed from list. Chest/Greaves in side column.

Twamley a) Rosnastraw b) Rosnastraw c) Kilpipe d) 1850 e) 39 f) George 42, Eliza 40, Margaret 15, George 13, Ellen 11, Robert 9, Jane 7, Eliza 5, Mary 3, Richard 1. g) Triton h) New Ross. June 1st i) Quebec. July 25th k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Tyrrell a) Ballisland b) Balisland c) Moyacomb d) 1848 e) 83 f) John 50, Catherine 50, Mazzy 22, Edward 20, John 18, Rose 16. j) Cabin from Mrs Goodison.

Tyrrell a) Ballyconnell b) Ballyconnell c) Crecrin d) 1847 e) 100 f) Nick 35, Margaret 34, Pat 9, John 6, Ann 1. Sister Mary Tyrrell 18. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Andrew

Kavanagh, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Tyrrell a) Coolboy b) Coolboy c) Carnew d) 1849 e) 89 f) Michael 40. Brothers James 34, Richard 30. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st k) Chest/Graves.

Tyrrell with Toole, Glandphilipeen

Valentinewith Kimmitt, Knocknaboley, 1851 ref: 56

Wadden a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 60 f) Robert, Ann, Mary 21, Margaret 18, Ann 16, Robert 14. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Michael Byrne, tenant of Joseph Griffin, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Waddockwith Balance, Coolfancy, 1848 ref: 67

Walker a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 182 f) John 41, Ann 27, ?? 20, William 18, Robert 16, Bess 14, Jane 9, John 2. John Redmond, a foundling, 24. j) Cabin and1 acre from James Twamley.

Walker a) Rathmeagh b) Rathmeague c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 11 f) John, Mary, Mary 4, Thomas 2. k) A lodger with Mr Treacy of Rathmeagh, not a resident of this estate, but wife’s parents resided formerly on Mangans.

Walla) Coolkenno b) Coolkenna c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 273 f) Margaret 46, Betty 24, John 23, Mary 20, Sarah 14, Ann 11, Aby(?) 9.

Walla) Larragh b) Laragh c) Mullinacuff d) 1849 e) 78 f) William 31, Anne 28, Aby 5, Anne 3, Charles 18 mths. Sisters Mary 29, Ellen 26. Denis Loughlin 40. g) Bridgetown h) New Ross. April 18th i) Quebec. June 1st j) 19acres1rood 11perches from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Wants to get his brother-in-law with him (Denis Loughlin). Query it.

Walsh with Burket, Killinure, 1847, ref: 214. See above

Warren with Tomkin, Newtown, 1852 ref: 19

Watchorna) Ardoyne b) Ardoyne c) Ardoyne d) 1847 e) 38 f) Catherine 55, Henry 35, Robecka 28, Thomas 21, John 20, Dorothy 18, William 16, Robert 14, Eliza 12. j) Cabin on Henry Watchorn’s farm. k) House to come down.

Welsh a) Collattin b) Coolattin c) Carnew d) 1851 e) 18 f) Elizabeth 60, James 29, Margaret 23. Margaret’s husband James Carroll 35; their child Mary 1 g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) Land from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Welsh a) Coolroe b) Coolroe c) Crosspatrick d) 1849 e) 20 f) John 50, Ann 40, Judith 20, Margaret 16, Mary 14, Ann 7, Kitty 2. k) Robert Collier’s tenant. House to come down. Chest/Graves in side column.

Welsh a) Killaveny b) Killaveny c) Kilpipe d) 1848 e) 25 f) Michael 49, Mary 52, Thomas 24, Peter 21, Michael 18, Mary 15. g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28thj) Cabin from Charles Willoughby.

Welsh a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 149 f) Sarah, James 22, Mary 20, Michael 18. j) 1 acre from William Welsh. K) Will give it up on getting some encouragement to go out to America.

Welsh a) Killinure b) Killinure c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 280 f) Joseph 48, Ellen 50, Kitty 26, William 23, Michael 21, Joseph 19, James 15, Thomas 12. Son-in-law Morgan Lawlor 21. j) 4 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Welsh with Doran, Kilcaven, 1850 ref: 25

Weyburn a) Knocknadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1848 e) 45 f) Jno. 25. Sisters Jane 40; Bess 34, Hannah 30, Mary 28. Brother Robert 36. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Isaac Straghan’s farm. k) Pays no rent.

Whelan a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 36 f) Robert, Catherine, Ann25, Nessey 21, Catherine 19, Simon 12, John 8. j) Cabin and 1 acre, part of Simon Whelan’s holding. k) Will be given up to Mr Whelan if approved by Mr Challoner on getting a small purchase.

Whelan a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 44 f) Michael, William 22, Nessey 16, Pat 14, Mary 12, Ann 10. j) Cabin and 1.5 acres from James Bryan execs. k) A William Whelan, 25, died on Grosse Isle between July 11th and 17th. Arrived on the “Progress”

Whelan a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 51 f) Ann 50, Bernard 27, Andrew 24, Margaret 21. j) Cabin from Pat Kenny, a head tenant. k) House to come down.

Whelan a) Aghold b) Aghowle c) Aghowle d) 1853 e) 56 f) Peter 60, William 39, Margaret 25, Eliza 21. William’s wife Fanny 38; their children Thomas 11, Betty 9, James 5; Pat Kearns 28. g) Dunbrody h) New Ross. j) 4.5 acres.

Whelan a) Ballinaverta b) Ballynavortha c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 21 f) William 50, Mary 40, James 16, Daniel 12, Martin 10, Ann 8, Julia 6, Maria 4, William 1. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i)Quebec. May 30th j) 22 acs from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Query against 1-year-old William, his name then scratched from list. Chest/Graves in side column.

Whelan a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 255 f) James 34, Betty 33, Bess 10, Pat 8, Michael 6, James 2. Sister Mary 19. j) Cabin from Michael Fleming. A Mary Whelan, 20, died on Grosse Isle between August 1st and 7th. Arrived on the “Progress”.

Whelan a) Ballinulta b) Ballynultagh c) Mullinacuff d) 1851 e) 71 f) Biddy 45, Pat 24, Thomas 19, Richard 16, Bess 13. g) Pilgrim g) New Ross. May 1st i) Quebec. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Whelan a) Cronelea b) Cronelea c) Mullinacuff d) 1847 e) 121 f) Walter, Sarah, Essy 6. j) Cabin from James Kelly, a head tenant k) House to come down.

Whelan a) Monaghullen b) Mungacullin c) Aghowle d) 1847 e) 181 f) Ann 60, John 22, Anthony 19, Joanna 17, Sarah 14, Joseph 12. Foundlings Mary-Ann Harmon 17; John Alpin 14. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from Jno. Kenny.

Whelan a) Park at Drummin b) Drummin c) Moyacomb d) 1851 e) 48 f) Owen 26. Sisters Bridget 29, Ally 27; nephew William 10 – query, see Mr Challoner. g) Glenlyon h) New Ross. April 15th i) Quebec. May 30th j) 10.5 acres from Lord Fitzwilliam. k) Chest/Graves in side column.

Whelan a) Tomacork b) Tomacork c) Carnew d) 1854 e) 24 f) Elizabeth 56, Anne 22, Margaret 19. Son-in-law Jno Rickerby 20; grandchild Hannah 1. j) Cabin from Lord Fitzwilliam.

Whelan with Slack, Sleanamoe, 1847 ref:129

White a) Coolfancy b) Coolafancy c) Crosspatrick d) 1848 e) 9 f) David 37, Ann 37, Edward 14, Richard 10, Henry 6, Ann 1. Robert White 40. There was also Margaret 14 on the NLI 934 list g) Star h) New Ross, April 21st i) St Andrews, May 28th j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William White. k) Ann White and sister(?), both orphan children were reported to have died at St Andrews in June. David died on the voyage.

White a) Sleaghcoyle b) Slievemweel c) Moyne d) 1847 e) 244 f) Thomas 58, Elizabeth 56, Esther 24, Hannah 4. j) Cabin and 2 acres from Jno. & David Edge.

White with Byrne, Coolboy, 1847 ref: 63

White with Kearns, Ballenguile.

Williams with Bailey

Wilson a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1847 e) 265 f) Joseph 40, Mary 28, Catherine 13, Joseph 10, William 5, Eliza 18 mths. j) Cabin and kitchen garden from William Hawkins.

Wilson a) Towerboy b) Toorboy c) Kiltegan d) 1848 e) 143 f) Mary 32, Catherine 13, Joseph 10, William 5. Brother John Kehoe. j) Cabin from Richard Hawkins which was thrown down last year.

Wilson with Cooper, Ballykelly, 1851 ref: 2

Wrack a) Greenhall b) Greenhall d) 1854 e) 45 f) Pat 19 j) Cabin from Mr Morton. k) Name scratched from list.

Wray a) Gurteen b) Gorteen c) Crosspatrick d) 1854 e) 50 f) Pat 19.

Wybrant a) Knockadoomcoyle b) Knockatomcoyle c) Mullinacuff d) 1852 e) 29 f) Jno. 38, Bessie, sister, 35. g) Confiance i) Quebec. June 16th k) Chest/Graves in side column. Passage only.

The history of the Wentworth/Fitzwilliam family in England has been well documented (see our historical overview for a brief summary), but what is less well known is the influence they had on the history of Ireland. As well as the family seat of Wentworth Woodhouse they owned another large house called Malton House (later Coollattin House) in County Wicklow from where they managed their 88,000 acres of Irish lands. They also acquired a number of Irish titles and political positions over the years.

Acknowledgements

Our Coollattin article has been produced thanks largely to the contributions of Jerry Cassidy of Shillelagh who is involved with the golf club who now own and are responsible for the upkeep of the modern-day Coollattin House. Jerry has collected a vast amount of information about the Fitzwiliam family’s presence in the village and in Ireland in general; our thanks to him, and we hope that the articles will be of interest to residents of Wentworth and Shillelagh alike. Should you wish to contact Jerry for further information about Coollattin you can e-mail him at jerry.cassidy@wentworthvillage.net.

The Wentworths and Fitzwilliams in Ireland

The Early Wentworths

Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (b. 1593, beheaded 1641), is famous for the part he played in the events leading up to the English Civil War, but prior to this he also played a significant role in Irish history.

A close adviser to King Charles, Strafford was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1633. He set about the job with the aim of creating greater prosperity in Ireland and thus (he hoped) greater loyalty to the English Crown. His methods, however, left much to be desired and there was considerable local resentment about the way in which he manipulated the Irish parliament and appropriated lands in the name of the Crown, ostensibly to better the economy of the country by encouraging the English nobility to take up residence there.

Strafford himself purchased the half barony of Shillelagh in 1635 and built a hunting lodge and park (Fairwood) near Coollattin. There are records of his writing to King Charles about the wonderful countryside and hunting in the area, although it is likely that the local O’Byrne clan, whose lands he took over, were less than enthusiastic about his presence in the area.

The remains of Strafford’s hunting lodge and surrouding fortifications still exist at a site know locally as “Black Toms Cellar”. The Earl acquired the nickname “Black Tom” as he was regularly seen in the area wearing black armour and riding a black horse; there is also a “Black Tom’s Tavern” in nearby Tinahely.

Strafford’s son William 2nd Earl of Strafford (1626-1695)went on to build up the family estates in Coollattin. The area is famous for its oak woods and its timbers were sold for use in the construction of Westminster Hall in London as well as parts of Westminster Abbey, King’s College Chapel, Cambridge and the Stadt Hosue in Amsterdam. Even accounting for the higher shipping costs, the cost of felling and preparing timber in Ireland worked out at half the price of producing comparable timber on the Wentworth estates, hence the family’s involvement in the area continued to grow.

On the death of the 2nd Earl the estates passed to his nephew, Thomas Watson Wentworth (1665-1725), whose son Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Malton and 1st Marquis of Rockingham was the father of Lady Ann Wentworth was to go on to unite the Wentworth/Fitzwilliam lines by marrying 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam.

The Early Fitzwilliams

The history of the Fitzwilliam family in Ireland starts with Sir William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Milton (1460-1534). A successful merchant and Alderman of London, Fitzwilliam made numerous land purchases, including the family’s first estates in Ireland. Unlike many other aristocrats of the time Fitzwilliam seems to have built up his fortune by honest hard work and gained significant respect from his peers.

Fitzwilliam’s grandson (also Sir William Fitzwilliam) was the first family member to have significant political influence in Ireland. He was made Lord Deputy of Ireland (shortly after Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford) and was Commander in Chief of the Army. He seems to have lasted longer in the post than Strafford and as a reward his family was granted yet more Irish lands by the King.

By 1620 the family had been granted the title Baron Fitzwilliam of Liffer (the first holder being yet another Sir William Fitzwilliam, great-great-grandson of the 1st Earl) and then in 1716 the 3rd Baron Fitzwilliam (who, as you’ve probably guessed, was also called William) was created 1st Earl Fitzwilliam of Ireland.

The 1st Earl’s grandson (William again!) was not only 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam of Ireland but also became 1st Earl Fitzwilliam of England following his marriage to Lady Ann Wentworth, daughter of the Marquis of Rockingham and heir to the Wentworth Estates, including Wentworth family’s significant Irish landholdings.

The 4th Earl Fitzwilliam of Ireland

William Wentworth Fitzwilliam, the 4th Earl Fitzwilliam of Ireland (or 2nd Earl Fitzwilliam of England) was the first heir to the combined Wentworth/Fitzwilliam family fortune.

It was the 4th Earl who built Collattin House (it was originally called Malton House, presumably after one of his grandfather’s titles as the Earl of Malton). The house was designed by the leading architect John Carr, who was also responsible for the grandiose “stable block” at Wentworth Woodhouse as well as the Keppel’s Column and Mausoleum monuments near Wentworth.

The building was started around 1794 but before completion it was burned down in a rebellion in 1798 (along with 160 other houses in the nearby village of Carnew and several Catholic churches). It isn’t clear if the house was burnt to the ground, but on Lady’s Day in 1798 a carpenter was paid £27 7s 5d and a half pence, even though his work had apparently been destroyed by the rebels. Work resumed again in 1800 and the house was completed in 1807.

As well as rebuilding their house and the village, the Fitzwilliams contributed to the repairs of the Catholic Churches and gave land for other churches (whilst other landlords would not even allow a Catholic church on their estate). Throughout the family’s time in Ireland they did not take sides in the various Irish struggles through the centuries, and perhaps as a consequence their house was left untouched in the last dash for independence.

Around 1780 the Earl sent over an instructor in ploughing from Wentworth to train his Irish tenantry. In 1812 someone called Wakefield wrote “His estate is the best cultivated of all I have seen in Ireland”.

As well as undertaking building and agricultural projects, the 4th Earl was also Lord Lieutenant or Ireland for a short time in 1795. Knowing of the family’s strong Irish connections and relative local popularity, Prime Minister Pitt had sent the Earl to Dublin telling him to appease the Catholic leaders of the day.

On arrival in Dublin, Fitzwilliam set about dismissing senior officials with strong Protestant connections, including Beresford the Commissioner of Customs. This apparently backfired as Beresford then appealed above Fitzilliam’s head directly to Pitt who ordered the reinstatement of the officials; inevitably Fitzwilliam then resigned. Apparently Fitzwilliam’s departure was seen as a major setback by the local population who closed all the shops in Dublin on the day he left, almost as if in mourning. Fitzwilliam and Beresford later met at the Tyburn Turnpike in London for a duel (which fortunately was stopped by the local constable!).

STRAFFORD. In 1632, Wentworth–better known as Strafford–arrived in Ireland, prepared to carry out his motto of “Thorough.” Only three years before, he had been one of the foremost orators in the struggle for the Petition of Right. The dagger of Fenton had turned him from an impassioned patriot and constitutionalist into a vehement upholder of absolutism. His revolt had been little more than a mask for his hostility to the hated favourite Buckingham, and when Buckingham’s murder cleared the path to his ambition, Wentworth passed, apparently without a struggle, from the zealous champion of liberty to the yet more zealous champion of despotic rule.

He arrived in Ireland as to a conquered country, and proceeded promptly to act upon that understanding. His chief aim was to show that a parliament, properly managed, could be made not a menace, but a tool in the hand of the king. With this end he summoned an Irish one immediately upon his arrival, and so managed the elections that Protestants and Catholics should nearly equally balance one another. Upon its assembling, he ordered
THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL OF STRAFFORD, 1641.

peremptorily that a subsidy of £100,000, to cover the debts to the Crown, should be voted. There would, he announced, be a second session, during which certain long-deferred “graces” and other demands would be considered. The sum was obediently voted, but the second session never came. The parliament was abruptly dissolved by the deputy, and did not meet again for nearly four years.

The Connaught landlords were the next whom he took in hand. We have seen in the last chapter that they had recently paid a large sum to the Crown, in order to ward off the dangers of a plantation. This did not satisfy Wentworth. Their titles were again called into question. He swept down in person into the province, with the commissioners of plantations at his heels; discovered, to his own complete satisfaction, that all the titles of all the five western counties were defective, and that, as a natural consequence, all lapsed to the Crown. The juries of Mayo, Sligo, and Roscommon were overawed into submission, but the Galway jury were obstinate, and refused to dispossess the proprietors. Wentworth thereupon took them back with him to Dublin, summoned them before the Court of the Castle Chamber, where they were sentenced to pay a fine of £4,000 each, and the sheriff £1000, and to remain in prison until they had done so. The unfortunate sheriff died in prison. Lord Clanricarde, the principal Galway landlord, died also shortly afterwards, of anxiety and mortification. The others submitted, and were let off by the triumphant deputy with the surrender, in some cases, of large portions of their estates, in others of heavy fines.

By these means, and others too long to enter into here, he contrived to raise the annual Irish revenue to a surplus of £60,000, with part of which he proceeded to set on foot and equip an army for the king of 10,000 foot and 1,000 horse, ready to be marched at a moment’s notice. This part of the programme was intended as a menace less against Ireland than England. Charles was to be absolute in both islands, and, to be so, his Irish subjects were to help him to coerce his English ones.

Let us, however, be just. Strafford was a born tyrant–worse, he was the champion of an absolutism of the most odious type conceivable, one which, if successful, would have been a death-blow to English liberty. But he was also a born ruler. No petty tyrants flourished under his sway. His hand was like iron upon the plunderers, the pluralists, the fraudulent officials, gorged with their ill-gotten booty. What he did, too, he did well. If he struck, he could also protect. He ruthlessly suppressed the infant woollen trade, believing that it might in time come to be a rival to the English one, but he was the founder of the linen trade, and imported Flemish weavers to teach it, and the best flax-seed to sow in the fields. He cleared the sea of the pirates who swarmed along the coasts, and had recently burnt the houses and carried off the inhabitants of several villages. The king’s authority once secured he was anxious to secure to the mass of the people, Catholic as well as Protestant, a just and impartial administration of the law. No one in Ireland, he was resolved, should tyrannize except himself.
JACOBUS USSERIUS, ARCHIEPISCOPUS ARMACHANUS, TOTIUS HIBERNIAE PRIMAS.

He and Laud, the primate, were close allies, and both were bent upon bringing the Church of Ireland to an absolute uniformity with that of England, and, with this object, Wentworth set a Court of High Commission to work to root out the Presbyterian ministers and to suppress, as far as possible, dissent. The Irish bishops and episcopalian clergy were, with hardly an exception, Low Churchmen, with a leaning to Calvinism, and, upon these also his hand was heavy. His regard for the Church by no means stood in his way either in his dealings with individual churchmen. He treated the Primate Ussher–one of the most venerated names in all Irish history–with marked contempt; he rated the Bishop of Killaloe upon one occasion like a dog, and told him that “he deserved to have his rochet pulled over his ears;” boasting afterwards, to his correspondent, of how effectually he had “warmed his old sides.”

In another letter to Laud, we get a graphic and rather entertaining account of his dealings with Convocation. The Lower House, it seems, had appointed a select committee, which had drawn up a book of canons upon the lines of what were known as the “Nine Articles of Lambeth.” Wentworth was furious. “Instantly,” he says, “I sent for Dean Andrews, that reverend clerk, who sat, forsooth, in the chair at this committee, and required him to bring along the aforesaid book of canons; this he obeyed, … but when I came to open the book, I confess I was not so much moved since I came into Ireland. I told him certainly not a Dean of Limerick, but an Ananias had sat in the chair at that committee, and sure I was that Ananias had been there in spirit if not in body

Earl of Stratford’s “Letters and Despatches,” vol. i. p. 342.

The unhappy Ananias naturally submitted at once to the terrible deputy, and, although Archbishop Ussher and most of the bishops defended the attacked canons, Wentworth carried his point by a sheer exercise of power. Throwing the list of canons already drawn out aside, he drew up another of his own composition, and forced the Convocation to accept it. “There were some hot spirits, sons of thunder, amongst them,” he tells Laud boastfully, “who moved that they should petition me for a free synod, but, in fine, they could not agree among themselves who should put the bell about the cat’s neck, and so this likewise vanished.” The cat, in truth, was a terrible one to bell!

But the career of the master of Ireland was nearing its end. By the beginning of 1640 the Scotch were up in arms, and about to descend in force upon England. The English Puritans, too, were assuming a hostile attitude. Civil war was upon the point of breaking out. Charles summoned Wentworth over in hot haste from Ireland, and it was decided between them that the newly-organized Irish forces were to be promptly employed against the Scotch rebels. With this purpose Wentworth–now with the long-desired titles of Earl of Strafford and Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland–hurried back to make the final arrangements. Fresh subsidies were obtained from the ever-subservient Irish parliament; more recruits were hastily summoned, and came in readily; the army was put under the command of the young Earl of Ormond, and Stratford once more returned to England. He did so only to find all his calculations upset. A treaty had been made in his absence with the Scots; the Long Parliament had assembled, and the fast-gathering storm was about to break in thunder over his own head. He was impeached. Witness after witness poured over from Ireland, all eager to give their evidence. Representatives even of the much-aggrieved Connaught landlords–though their wrongs did not perhaps count for much in the great total–were there to swell the tide. He was tried for high treason, condemned and executed. In England the collapse of so great and so menacing a figure was a momentous event. In Ireland it must have seemed as the very fall of Lucifer himself!
SHRINE OF ST. PATRICK’S BELL.

‘FORTY-ONE.

Stafford’s fall and death would alone have rendered this year, 1641, a memorable one in Irish history. Unhappily it was destined to be made yet more so; few years, indeed, in that long, dark bead-roll are perhaps as memorable, both from what it brought forth at the time, and, still more, from what was afterwards to follow from it.

The whole country, it must be remembered, was in a state of the wildest and most irrepressible excitement. The fall of such a ruler as Strafford–one under whose iron will it had for years lain as in a vice–would alone have produced a considerable amount of upheaval and confusion. The army collected by him, and mainly recruited by Catholics, was regarded with strong disfavour both by Irish Protestants and by the English Parliament, and Charles, much against his will, had been forced to disband it, and the arms had been stored in Dublin Castle. The men, however, remained, and among the leading Irish as well as English royalists there was a strong desire that they should be kept together, so as to serve if required in the fast nearing struggle.

Nor was this all. Stafford’s persecution of the Presbyterians had done its work, and the feeling between them and the Irish Church party had been greatly embittered. Amongst the Catholics, too, the most loyal even of the gentry had been terror-stricken by his confiscations. No one knew how long his property would remain his own, or upon what pretence it might not next be taken from him. Add to these the long-gathering passion of the dispossessed clans in the north, and that floating element of disaffection always ready to stir, and it will be seen that the materials for a rebellion were ready laid, and needed only a spark to ignite them.

As usually happens in rebellions the plans of the more prudent were thwarted by the impetuosity of the more violent spirits. While Ormond, Antrim, and the barons of the Pale were communicating with the king, and considering what were the best steps to take, a plot had been formed without them, and was now upon the point of exploding.

Two men, Rory or Roger O’Moore, one of the O’Moores of Leix, and Sir Phelim O’Neill, a connection of the Tyrones, were its main movers, and were joined by Lord Maguire, a youth of about twenty-two, Hugh McMahon, the Bishop of Clogher, and a few other gentlemen, belonging chiefly to the septs of the north. The plan was a very comprehensive one. They were to seize Dublin Castle, which was known to be weakly defended; get out the arms and powder, and redistribute them to the disbanded troops; at the same time, seize all the forts and garrison towns in the north; turn all the Protestant settlers adrift–though it was at first stipulated without killing or otherwise injuring them–take possession of all the country houses, and make all who declined to join in the rising prisoners.

Never, too, was plot more nearly successful. October the 23rd was the day fixed, and up to the very evening before no hint of what was intended had reached the Lords Justices. By the merest chance, and by an almost inconceivable piece of carelessness on the part of the conspirators, it was divulged to a man called Conolly, a Presbyterian convert, who went straight and reported it to Sir William Parsons. The latter at first declined to believe in it, but, Conolly persisting in his story, steps were taken to strengthen the defences. The guard was doubled; Lord Maguire and Hugh McMahon were arrested at daybreak next morning; the rest, finding that their stroke had missed, fled with their followers.

If this part of the rising failed, the other portions, unhappily, were only too successful. The same day the Protestant settlers in Armagh and Tyrone, unsuspicious of any danger, were suddenly set upon by a horde of armed or half-armed men, dragged out of their houses, stripped to the skin, and driven, naked and defenceless, into the cold. No one dared to take them in, every door was shut in their faces, and though at first no actual massacre seems to have been intended, hundreds perished within the first few days of exposure, or fell dead by the roadside of famine and exhaustion.

Sir Phelim O’Neill–a drunken ruffian for whom even the most patriotic historian finds it hard to say a redeeming word–was here the ringleader. On the same day–the 23rd of October–he got possession of the fort of Charlemont, the strongest position in the new plantation, by inviting himself to dinner with Lord Caulfield, the governor, and suddenly seizing him prisoner. Dungannon, Mountjoy, and several of the other forts, were also surprised and taken. Enniskillen, however, was saved by its governor, Sir William Cole, and Derry, Coleraine, and Carrickfergus, had also time fortunately to shut their gates, and into these as many of the terrified settlers as could reach them crowded.

These were few, however, compared to those who could find no such haven of refuge. Sir Phelim O’Neill, mad with excitement, and intoxicated with the sudden sense of power, hounded on his excited and undisciplined followers to commit every conceivable act of cruelty and atrocity. Disappointed by the failure of the more important part of the rising, and furious at the unsuccess of his attempts to capture the defended towns, he turned like a bloodhound upon those unfortunates who were within his grasp. Old Lord Caulfield was murdered in Sir Phelim’s house by Sir Phelim’s own foster-brother; Mr. Blaney, the member for Monaghan, was hanged; and some hundreds of the inhabitants of Armagh, who had surrendered on promise of their lives, were massacred in cold blood. As for the more irregular murders committed in the open field upon helpless, terrified creatures, powerless to defend themselves, they are too numerous to relate, and there is happily no purpose to be gained in repeating the harrowing details. The effect produced by the condition of the survivors upon those who saw them arrive in Dublin and elsewhere–spent, worn out, frozen with cold, creeping along on hands and knees, and all but at the point of death–was evidently ineffaceable, and communicates itself vividly to us as we read their descriptions.

The effect of cruelty, too, is to produce more cruelty; of horrors like these to breed more horrors; till the very earth seems covered with the hideous brood, and the most elementary instincts of humanity die away under their poisonous breath. So it was now in Ireland. The atrocities committed upon one side were almost equalled, though not upon so large a scale by the other. One of the first actions performed by a Scotch force, sent over to Carrickfergus by the king, was to sally out like demons and mercilessly slaughter some thirty Irish families living in Island Magee, who had nothing whatever to say to the rising. In Wicklow, too, Sir Charles Coote, sent to suppress a disturbance amongst the O’Byrnes and O’Tooles, perpetrated atrocities the memory of which still survives in the region, and which, for cold-blooded, deliberate horror almost surpass those committed in the north. The spearing by his soldiery of infants which had hardly left the breast he himself openly avowed, and excused upon the plea that if allowed to survive they would grow up to be men and women, and that his object was to extirpate the entire brood.

Here and there a faint gleam falls upon the blackened page. Bedell, the Bishop of Kilmore, who had won the reverence even of his fiercest opponents, was allowed to remain free and undisturbed in the midst of the worst scenes of carnage and outrage; and when a few months later he died, was followed weeping to the grave by many who had been foremost in the work of horror. As to the number of those who actually perished, either from exposure, or by the hands of assassins, it has been so variously estimated that it seems to be all but impossible to arrive at anything like exact statistics. The tale was black enough as it really stood, but it was made blacker still by rumour and exaggeration. The real number of the victims grew to tenfold in the telling. Four thousand murdered swelled to forty thousand; and eight thousand who died of exposure, to eighty thousand. Even now every fresh historian sets the sum total down at a different figure. Take it, however, at the very lowest, it is still a horrible one. Let us shut our eyes and pass on. The history of those days remains in Carlyle’s words, “Not a picture, but a huge blot: an indiscriminate blackness, one which

Wentworth Woodhouse

Wentworth Woodhouse is now offering house tours, please see their new web site atwww.wentworthwoodhouse.co.uk for further information.

A range of three tours is being made available initially, starting at £10 per person.

Wentworth Woodhouse on BBC TV

Antiques Roadshow will be visiting Wentworth Woodhouse on 19th September, more details on their web site here.

Introduction

The East Front of Wentworth Woodhouse, visible from the public right of way through Wentworth Park, is a magnificent structure over 600 feet in length, famous as the longest frontage of any country house in England. Unfortunately this is all the public can see of the house as it is now privately owned, however for those walking past who want to know a bit more about the history of the place we present a brief history of the building and its owners through the years.

The Exterior

What we think of as Wentworth Woodhouse is actually two houses, both largely rebuilt in the 18th century. The East Front which we see from the Park entirely obscures the second house which faces West towards the village. The Western house is the older of the two, started in around 1725 to replace an even older structure. The West Front (or “Back Front” as it is sometimes known) is less formal than the grand East Front and is built largely in brick with Baroque stone facings.

Thomas Watson-Wentworth (later Earl of Malton and Marquis of Rockingham) who built most of the house we see today, evidently became dissatisified with the West Front whilst it was being built, for he commissioned Henry Flitcroft to start work on the East Front in around 1734, even before the other side of the house was finished.

It is thought that the decision to build the much larger East Front stemmed partly from a family feud with the Stainborough branch of the Wentworth family. They were at the time extending Wentworth Castle (which you can see to the West of the M1 just past Barnsley) and the Wentworth branch of the family did not to be outdone!

The only major change to exterior of the house since it was originally put up was the addition of an extra storey to each of the wings of the East Front in around 1782. Evidently the Fitzwilliam family of the time needed more bedroom space (150 just wasn’t enough!). Also around this time the Fitzwilliams engaged the landscape architect Humphrey Repton to create the parkland we still see to the East of the house; apparently one of Repton’s main changes was to remove a hill which had stood in front of the house because this obscured the view. I’d like to see the “Ground Force” team attempt that one!

The Interior

The house is not open to the public and so the interior is rarely seen, however as this is a Grade I listed building we assume that it has not altered significantly since 1959 when it was described in great detail by the eminent architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner (see “The Buildings of England – Yorkshire, West Riding”).

The main entrance to the house is via the Pillared Hall, accessed from the East Front. This gives access to some of the ground floor rooms and, via a grand staircase, to the Marble Saloon, a 60 foot square room some 40 feet high which is the main reception room in the house.

South of here are two grand rooms named after the paintings that once hung in them: the Van Dyke room and the Whistlejacket room. Whistlejacket was the 2nd Marquis’s favourite racehorse and George Stubbs was commissioned to paint a huge portrait of the horse in 1759 (it can now be seen in the National Gallery in London); for those who can’t get see the picture you can look at Whistlejacket’s grave which is just off the path past the house near the stable block (see below).

To the north of the Marble Saloon lies another huge room, the Long Gallery. This is some 130 feet long and again once contained a huge collection of paintings and other artworks.

Stable Block

The stable block was built in 1768 by John Carr on a scale to match the house. This can easily be viewed from the public path through the park and, as you will see, the horses probably had a better standard of accommodation than most of the residents in the village at the time!

Pevsner tells us that the stables comprise 15 bays with a rusticated entrance with Tuscan columns, pediment and cupola. There is a large (no longer operational) fountain in the centre of the courtyard which can be glanced through the gates. Much of the Stable Block was used as a gymnasium when the house was used for educational purposes but now this huge building seems to be entirely unused (along with all the other more modern college buildings dotted around the park).

Lady Mabel College

From 1949 to 1974 the house was home to The Lady Mabel College of Physical Education. Named after Lady Mabel Smith (sister of the 7th Earl Fitzwilliam) the College trained female physical education teachers. The college later merged with Sheffield City Polytechnic.

Web Links

For an excellent collection of images of Wentworth Woodhouse visit the Country Life Library.

In “A Country House Revealed” Dan Cruickshank uncovers the secret history of six of Britain’s greatest private country houses, each never-before seen on television, and none open to the public – including Wentworth Woodhouse.

A book by Catherine Bailey about the history of the Fitzwilliam family and Wentworth Woodhouse is now available, & is summarised nicely in an article by The Times here. It can be purchased on line from Amazon.co.uk – click the link below for details.

A Brief History of Wentworth

The history of Wentworth village is inextricably linked with the history of the great aristocratic families – the Wentworths, Watsons and Fitzwilliams – who presided over it for generations. Only recently, following the end of the Fitzwilliam family line in 1979, has the village started to lead a more independent existence.

Wentworths

The village itself dates back to at least 1066, when lands in the area were given to Adam de Newmarch and William le Flemming, later passing to the Canons of Bolton Abbey. It is not known how the Wentworth family came into the lands, but around 1300 they united by marriage with the Woodhouse family who lived outside the village on the site of what is now Wentworth Woodhouse. The Woodhouse lands were originally part of the manor of “frerehouse” which also included the sites of the modern Friars House, Friars Cottages and Boltons Yard. The combined Wentworth family went on to dominate the area for centuries, slowly acquiring more land, money and influence.

The first Wentworth family member to achieve national fame was Thomas Wentworth (b. 1593), 1st Earl of Strafford (pictured). He entered parliament and progressed rapidly through the ranks, becoming Lord President of the Council of the North and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and no doubt acquiring a lot more land and money along the way. Unfortunately he must also have acquired a lot of enemies in the House of Commons because he was tried and beheaded for treason in 1641. His remains are buried under the Old Church in Wentworth.

Watsons

The Earl’s son, William (they all seem to have been called either Thomas or William!) inherited his father’s title, but died without an heir and the estate passed to the Watson (later Watson-Wentworth) family. It was the Watson-Wentworths (who later became the Marquises of Rockingham) who built many of the grandest structures in the area, including the magnificent East Front of Wentworth Woodhouse and the Hoober Stand and Keppel’s Column follies. They also gave the village some of its first public buildings such as the Barrow school and the former windmill on Clayfields Lane. The 2nd Marquis of Rockingham even found time between the building work to become Prime Minister on two occassions. Unfortunately he didn’t find time to produce an heir and so the estate changed hands yet again.

Fitzwilliams

The Earl Fitzwilliams (or Wentworth-Fitzwilliams) took over in 1782 and were responsible for much of the early industrial development in the area, establishing numerous mines and factories in the surrounding towns and villages (not too close to their house of course!). This made the family even richer, and by the mid-nineteenth century they were reckoned to be the 6th wealthiest landowners in the country. They didn’t lose touch with the village though and gave money to establish the Mechanics Institute and the girls school (now Wentworth C of E school) for the benefit of their tenants. They also built cottages for their workers in Wentworth and Elsecar, most of which exist to this day.

The 6th Earl gave us the magnificent Holy Trinity Church (the “new” church), the 7th Earl started a factory in Sheffield which produced one of the first motor cars (the Simplex), the 8th Earl sadly died in a plane crash along with Kathleen Kennedy, sister of J. F. Kennedy, who he was seeing at the time. And so it goes on…

Present Day

The Fitzwilliam reign continued until the death of the 10th Earl in 1979, again tragically without issue. Since the death of the last Earl much of the property in the village has been managed by a trust which does an excellent job of preserving the character of the village and continues to make charitable donations for the benefit of residents. Wentworth Woodhouse is now under separate private ownership, and little is known about future plans for the building. The rest of the estate, which still has significant land holdings in the area, lives on under the stewardship of Sir Philip Naylor-Leyland.

Family Tree

Please visit our online Wentworth/Fitzwilliam Family Tree for detailed information about the Wentworth, Watson and Fitzwilliam families who dominated Wentworth Village for generations from the stately home of Wentworth Woodhouse. It brings together hundreds of individuals dating back to the reign of Henry II.

More History

The above are just edited highlights of the history of the village and estate. For more comprehensive and scholarly coverage you may wish to read Roy Young’s excellent “The Big House and The Little Village”, which you may be able to obtain from shops in the village.

Wentworth Books

A new book by Catherine Bailey about the history of the Fitzwilliam family and Wentworth Woodhouse is now available. It can be purchased on line from Amazon.co.uk – click the link below for details.

ORE ABOUT LIFE ON THE FITZWILLIAM ESTATE

79/68 Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, from Mr. Symme dated Oct 16, 1817 Tinehaley (as spelt)
Re: Agent Haight’s conduct …for want of agent in my view goaded by unfeeling and brutal conduct of your present head agent. Your political influence in Co. Wicklow is every day diminishing from being the most benevolent and charitable of all Landlords …… losing blessings and prayers of tenants, deep designs and malpractice of your most unjust steward who says he has your sanction and directions. All classes of people hate him. Your Lordship is call on for the sake of humanity to enquire into Haight’s conduct. Restor….. to Golden Age, they want to forget the Tyranny.
79/69 Sign from Mr. Haigh, requesting tenants who wish to see him on Business attend Malton on MONDAYS ONLY.
79/88 Letter from Haigh to Fitzwilliam, just some excerpts
‘education for the poor is now all the rage’ ‘employment is primary of the miserable state of the lower order’ “Mr. Chamney of Ballyhine is in the linen trade who could teach all those willing to learn spinning, I have sent a specimen by a 10 year old girl to Lady Fitzwilliam for inspection”
79/94 letter, Malton 1819, Dec 2 Deficiency in Oats – blight potatoes, only fair crop, nearly whole of Co. Wexford has failed, this is the 3rd. year of their suffering and we swarm with beggars from that County.
77/122 Malton, Feb. 16, 1821 Petition from David Page of Parkmore regarding the undertenants near Hacketstown… shall hear from me, Major Hardy that ‘he should not have the liberty to take along with him his friends and neighbours, most respectable tenants, Mr. Whelan (head tenant) of Rath and Mr. Swann (headtenant) of Knocklow.
Malton Letter, June 12, 1821 Shellelagh Resolutions ….”ungrateful as they are obstinate’ Captn. Nickerson – trouble makers – Tinehely Friday, Rathdrum, Thursday, Registry of freeholders who have not registered since 1815 estimated 400. …….Ralph Taylor would not care what sacrifice to annoy me, called David Page constable….
79/149 Malton, Oct 27, 1822 …. “Irishmen can always do with more land but can seldom find capital’ …..I have Ejectments moved on, Barracks Farm, part of lands of Coolattin leased to George Sherwood.
Malton, Dec 11, 1822 re: Mr. Moore , 31.7.6 Pounds for the Shillelagh Blanket Fund ….let me remind you to pay 10 Pounds to Carnew Sunday school and 12. pounds to Library only as donations… have been regularily called for as yearly subscriptions…. ..useful employment for the poor children if the better class of people exert themselves in….they hereafter earn their livehihood, the rising generation would greatly benefit…

THE FINAL YEARS

The demesne was sold in 1978 for £3m. At them time, it consisted of 3,300 acres, 550 acres of gardens and parkland and 1,400 acres of woodland with the estate house and several residential and farm/industrial structures. The purchasers, Brendan Cadogan and Pat Taffan, proceeded to asset strip. Various structures were sold off including the steward’s house and outbuildings and the mason’s carpenter’s house.
Although there were tree preservation orders on the woodlands, the new owners commenced to extensive program of deforestation. In 1987 the Irish Times reported that Bridge Farms (The company owned by Cadogan and Tattan) was exploiting the wood with massive trunks being exported to Germany. In 1995 Wicklow County Council bought the Tomnafinnogue wood (approx 100 acres), which is now opened to the public.
In 1995, the Coollattin Golf Club purchased Coollattin House and 50 acres for €550,000. The house has been mothballed with a small maintenance budget. Restoration work is ongoing with new windows being installed in 2010.

ESTATE OWNERS

1578-1609 Henry Harrington.
1609-1632 Calcott Chambers.
1632-1641 Thomas Wentworth (Strafford), who was beheaded.
1641-1695 William Wentworth (son of Thomas) 2nd Earl No son, this was the end of the Stafford line. The estate went to his sister Anne’s son.
1692-1750 Thomas Watson (became 1st Marques of Rockingham). His seat went Wentworth Woodhouse. .
1750-1782 Charles 2nd Marques of Rockingham – no children (died while Prime Minister). End of the Rockingham line. His estate went to his sister Anne’s family, who developed the estate village of Coollattin. .
1782-1833 William 4th Earl Fitzwilliam, built Coollattin House in 1804.
1833-1857 Charles 5th Earl Fitzwilliam – carried out major improvements Including farm yard etc.
1857-1902 William the 6th Earl Fitzwilliam, had eight sons all called William, Promoted the railway.
1902-1943 William 7th Earl Fitzwilliam built the Hydro. 1943-1948 Peter Milton 8th Earl killed in a plane crash in France.
1948-1975 Eric 9th Earl, a cousin of Peter. .
1978-1983 Estate sold to Cadogan and Tatton.
1983 Bridgefarm sold off ‘parcels’ of the demesne.
1995 Golf Club bought Coollattin House and 50 acres. .
1995 Wicklow County Council bought 100 acres of Tomnafinnoge Wood.
2003 Steward’s house and farm for sale. Tomnafinnoge Wood opened to the public.

The Famine

Between 1847 and 1856, in an attempt to re-organize his 80,000 acre Coolattin Estate, Lord William Fitzwilliam removed 6,000 men, women and children and arranged passage to Canada. The vast majority of these people were sent to Quebec for settlement in Ontario but one group was shipped to St. Andrews, the men to work on a new railway line.
Surplus People – The Fitzwilliam Clearances 1847-1856 is the end result of four years of research and writing by Jim Rees, coupled with the contributions of archivists and historians in Ireland, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, and details the story of thousands of famine refugees from County Wicklow sent to Canada.
The story of their arrival in St. Andrews — most sick, starving and destitute — is a focus of this extraordinary book which identifies specific families and follows their progress from their tiny holding in Ireland to their new lives in New Brunswick.
Sent out on the sailing vessel “Star”, these wretched emigrants spent weeks at sea before being landed on a windswept quarantine island off St. Andrews where several died of disease and exposure. When finally landed, they discovered that no preparation had been made for their arrival and most were forced to endure privations that can best be described as inhuman.
The horrific conditions on Grosse Ile, the quarantine station at Quebec, are described, depicting images which still have the power to shock. Typhus spread like wild fire, and up to fifty deaths a day occurred in the summer of Black ’47. No one could have predicted the deluge of human misery which was about to descend on Grosse Ile.
During the course of his research Jim Rees compiled a database of the names, ages, family relationships, size of holding, townland of origin, and in some cases name of ship and dates of departure and arrival, of all 6,000 tenants. Details of how to access this information form an index in the book
Inquire at your library to find out if there is a copy of Surplus People – The Fitzwilliam Clearances 1847-1856 by Jim Rees available or contact:
Dee-Jay Publications 3 Meadows Lane Arklow, Co., Wicklow Ireland

Lady Juliet and the Marquess of Bristol on their wedding day (1960), From WikipediaWedding of Peter Milton, Earl Fitzwilliam and Olive Plunkett at St. Patrick’s Cathedral Dublin 1935. source: R Young

Wentworth Origins and Home

Fitzwilliam – Wentworth Family pictures

Olive, Countess Fitzwilliam married the 8th Earl at St. Patrick’s Cathedral Dublin 1935. Lived at Coollattin until her death in 1975. Source: G. Howse

THE FITZWILLIAM GALLERY

A collection of pictures of the Fitzwilliam’s

Thomas Wentworth’s trial

Execution of Thomas Wentworth 1641

Fitzwilliam 1748-1833

Valuation House Books and Valuation Lists

Extracts from : the Old and New Land Valuation House Books dated October 1843 and October 1852, Griffiths Valuation of 1846 and the Land Valuation List fron 1852 to 1986.

Valuation Books, Source: National Archives: 0.l. 5.2340,

Old House book, October 1843, page 27. House No. 5 is the Steward’s house

Old House book, October 1843, page 27. This page is the continuation of the Earl Fitzwilliam’s new farm yard

Old House book, October 1843, page 43. The valuation description for Coollattin House.

New house book, October 1852. List of town lands in the barony of Shillelagh

New house book, October 1852. page 37. House No 2a refers to Coollattin House.

New house book, October 1852. page 38. House No 8a refers to the new farm yard and additional buildings, the first item refers to the steward’s house.

Griffith’s Valuation 1846 page 71 parish of Carnew showing also Coollattin Park

Griffith’s Valuation 1846 page 72 ref 8a showing the steward’s house.

Valuation Lists (Cancelled Books) 1852-1862 ref. 8Aa is the steward’s house, 8Ab is the carpenter’s and mason’s houses.

Valuation Lists (Cancelled Books) 1878-1889 ref. 8Aa is the steward’s house, 8Ab is the carpenter’s and mason’s houses.

Census Return Forms for 1901

Form B.1 House and Building Return

Census Form 1911 Form A

Form B.1 House and Building Return

The Fitzwilliams Arrival in Carnew Co Wicklow From : Wicklow Star, 6th. February, 1897

WELCOMED

LORD AND LADY MILTON TAKE UP THEIR RESIDENCE IN CARNEW CASTLE AND ARE WARMLY WELCOMED BY THE TOWNSPEOPLE

On Wednesday evening last Viscount and Lady Milton proceeded to take up their residence in Camew Castle, and their advent was marked with every demonstration of welcome on the part of the townspeople. The relations between the Fitzwilliam family and their tenants have ever been of a remarkably cordial character, and from the proceedings on Tuesday night, a continuance of that cordiality, if anything in a more intensified form, may be expected. There could be no mistaking the absolute unanimity of the townspeople, who are to be their neighbours in the future, in welcoming the visitors. Arches of evergreens, some of a very elaborate and tasteful character, spanned the street at frequent intervals and bore inscriptions appropriate to the occasion. On the road opposite the Castle itself was a magnificent arch with the Celtic salutation “cead mille failthe” worked upon it in a very pretty manner. In the evening innumerable Chinese lanterns were suspended from the arches, and these presented a very pretty spectacle. Every house in the town, without exception, was illuminated, and the scene at night was an animated one. The Castle, in which his Lordship has taken up his residence, was originally a stronghold of the famous O’Toole sept, and its old grey walls can tell of many an exciting incident in the troubled history of this country for the last three centuries. It was last occupied by Mr. Boyce, but has not been tenanted for the past seven years, and has been considerably renovated for the reception of its present occupants. Lord and Lady Milton, who were accompanied by Earl Fitzwilliam and Lady Ewing, drove over from Coolattin in the evening and were accorded a rousing reception by the large numbers of people who crowded the street. As the party drove up to the Castle entrance a halt was made and Mr. Stephen Geraty, who was hon secretary of the committee which organised the reception read the following address to his Lordship:-

ADDRESS:- ”To the Right Hon. Viscount Miton M.P and Viscountess Milton, on the occasion of their coming to reside in Camew Castle. ”My Lord – On behalf of the inhabitants of Camew, we offer you and Lady Milton our heartiest welcome to your new home. The very very happy relations which have ever existed between the Fitzwilliam family and the people of Camew still remain unchanged. We could not allow this opportunity to pass without testifying in some degree to our pleasure at your coming to live amongst us. We are grateful to notice your entrance upon the stage of public life. We anticipate a brilliant career for you, and we trust that when you shall succeed to the title and numerous responsibilities of your esteemed grandfather, you will like him accomplish much good and earn for yourself and Lady Milton a still deeper place in the hearts of a grateful people. In conclusion, we beg to again offer you both a hearty Irish welcome, long life, joy, and every gift this earth can bestow. ”Signed on behalf of the inhabitants of Camew,

Francis F. Brady, Samuel Correll, Michael O’Toole, J.S. Darlington, John O’Rourke, Maurice Kenny, Stephen Geraty Hon Sec. ”Cead Mille |Failthe”

The address which was enclosed in a vellum cover, was executed by Mrs Brady and was a beautiful specimen of the illuminator’s work.

REPLY:- His Lordship on rising was loudly cheered. He said – Dr Brady, Mr Geraty, ladies and gentlemen, I have to thank you very heartily on Lady Milton’s behalf and on my own behalf, and I think I may even go further and say on behalf of my grandfather and his family (hear, hear), for the exceedingly kind reception that you have accorded to us tonight, and if I am lucky enough to accept that reception in the spirit in which in is given, I know that it is given me in a true feeling of friendship, of kindliness and of neighbourly sentiment, which has always existed between Lord Fitzwilliam and Lord Fitzwilliam’ tenants (cheers). As one of the younger members of Lord Fitzwilliam’s family I can only say that this meeting has filled me with the conviction – an unalterable conviction – that the state of things which has always existed between the Fitzwilliam family and those who live near, and who are consequently dear to us, has been a feeling which was in the past reciprocated, and will be in me future as it has been in the past. Ladies and gentlemen, I look upon the very handsome decorations you have made tonight in our honour, and also upon the illuminations of your town, with feelings of anticipation for the good fortune – for the good fellowship – which I hope will follow our entrance into this town tonight (cheers). If I were to say more I should be advancing in anticipation of a time yet to be accomplished, but I sincerely hope that my and Lady Miltons entrance into this town tonight may be a favourable augury of our stay with you in the future (loud cheers). In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, let me thank you very heartily for this exceptionally kind and beautiful address you have given us, and also for your exceedingly kind welcome (loud applause).

Mrs Brady, on behalf of the ladies of Camew, presented Lady Milton, with a choicely selected bouquet. The party next drove through the town to see the demonstrations in their honour, and on returning the horses were taken from the carriage, which was drawn in triumph to the Castle. In the street opposite Dr Brady’s house Lord Fitzwiilliam addressed a few words to the people, saying how grateful he felt at the popularity of his grandson, and hoping that his stay amongst them would be a happy one.

Amongst those present at the presentation were – Dr Brady, Messrs Samuel Correll, Michael O’Toole, Jas. S Darlington, Mrs Geraty, Maurice Kenny, Stephen Geraty, Mrs Brady, Miss Darlington, Mrs Geraty, Miss Smith, Miss O’Rourke, Richard Goodison, Mr and Mrs Robertson & c.

The house party at thee castle consisted of – Earl Fitzwilliam, Lady Alice Fitzwilliam, Lord and Lady Milton, Hon Theresa Fitzwilliam, Hon Lady Ewing, Mr Frank Brooke and Mrs Brooke, Mr George Brooke.

A brilliant display of fireworks by Hodsman, Dublin, on the Castle grounds, which attracted large numbers of people, brought the evening’s proceedings to a close. From:-‘ Irish Times ‘ October 17, 1894

Address to Lord Milton (from our correspondent) Wicklow, Wednesday

To-day a most interesting gathering took place at Coollattin Park, Shillelagh, Co. Wicklow, the home of Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam. It will be remembered that in July last the English tenants of Earl Fitzwilliam made a handsome presentation to Lord Milton, Earl Fitzwilliam’ grandson, and heir to the estates, on the occasion of his majority. The Irish tenants intended to follow suit immediately, but Viscount Milton was away in India with the Governor-General and the presentation was delayed. In the meantime the tenants have erected a handsome tower with clocks and bells on the Shillelagh Town Hall, in honour of Lord Milton’s coming of age. On Monday a few of his Lordship’s immediate friends presented him with a hunting horn, whip, spurs & c, and today the tenants met to dedicate the tower to his honour. In addition a beautifully-carved casket, set with pure Irish gems was presented and this contained an illuminated address. It set forth how Earl Fitzwilliam had always made his improvements before legislation enforced such things, and gave a remarkable instance in the case of the labourers’ cottages. The Earl had already comfortably lodged his tenants. This and the many other kindnesses enumerated in the address had gained for him the warmest attachment of all sections of his tenantry. The address was presented in the drawing room of Coollattin. There were present the Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam, Viscount Milton, Lady Alice, Lady Albreda and Lady Charlotte Fitzwilliam, the Hon. Thomas Fitzwilliam, Hon. Hugh and Lady Mary Boscawen, Mabel and Theresa Fitzwilliam, Mr. Frank Brooke, D.L., J.P., and Mrs Brooke, Miss Doyne and Miss Watson. The above composed the house party, and in addition there were several clergymen, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, and the gentlemen of the district including:-

Mr. Henry Shepard, Oatlands; Major Newton’ Mr. James F. Grehan, Cabinteely; Mr. Edward Robinson, Leabegg, Kilcool; Mr. L. Mountford, Killinure; Mr. R.D, Lawrenson and Mr. William Speares, Shillelagh; the Messrs. Comerford and Mr. Edward Ellison, Rathdrum; Mr. Richard Codd, Mr. S. Geraty, and many other gentlemen farmers, including in all about 50.

Major Newton having announced the object of the deputation,

Mr. Robert Taylor, who had acted as hon. Secretary to the movement, read the following address:-

To the Right Hon. William Charles De-Mure, Viscount Milton.

My Lord,- we the tenants on Earl Fitzwilliam’s Irish estates, gladly welcome the occasion of your attaining your majority to tender you our hearty7 congratulations and good wishes, and to express the hope that in the long and happy life, which, we trust and pray, is opening before you, your Lordship will maintain and foster those traditions and kindly feeling which have ever marked the relations existing between the members of your family and their Irish tenanrty

In the history of our mutual relation this good feeling has always been conspicuous. In recent years when the storms of agitation raged everywhere around, the Fitzwilliam estates were an oasis of peace and content, for Earl Fitzwilliam recognises the principle that property has its duties as well as its privileges, and when unhappy times and unfruitful seasons came upon the land we found ever ready to sympathise

With us and share and share the burden of our losses; always just, a large and generous employer of labour, a bountiful supporter of every local charity and cause likely to promote the happiness and welfare of the community.

Earl Fitzwilliam has won for himself and his noble Countess the affection and esteem of his much-attached Irish tenantry, affection and esteem, my Lord, in which you and every member of your family share. Countless instances of Earl Fitzwilliam’s benevolence and broadmindedness in the treatment of his tenantry are not far to seek. We shall name but one. Long before Labourers’ Acts were dreamt of their essential benefits had been anticipated amongst the tenantry of the Fitzwilliam property, and in every place where they were needed neatly slated cottages and vegetable gardens were provided, and allotments of garden land granted to the labourers and artisans of the towns, and this is but one of the manifold ways in which Earl Fitzwilliam’ kindness towards us has found expression.

Need we assure you, my Lord, that to-day is one of double joy for us, as it must be to you, in that Earl Fitzwilliam and his amiable Countess are present to witness the beginning of a career on your part of great promise but also much responsibility? In conclusion, my Lord, we ask you to accept, on behalf of the tenants on Earl Fitzwilliam’s Irish estates, this address and turret clock, and hope that your relations with us, your Irish tenants, when in the fullness of time you succeed to the great position now held by him whom we revere and love, may be characterised by the happy traditions of the past, and heartily wish your lordship an honoured, useful and happy life

(Signed on behalf of the tenantry)

G.G. Newton, Chairman

E. Byrne, Treasurer

Robert Taylor, Hon. Secretary

Lord Milton who was very warmly received said – Major Newton, Mr. Taylor, ladies and gentlemen, I have to thank you most sincerely, not only for this useful and ornamental present you have given to me, and which I shall value, not only for its intrinsic worth, but also for the sake of those by whom it has been presented to me, and also, gentlemen for your good wishes, which, if I may be permitted to say so, are of more value to me than any present you could offer me, especially in these days when too often the landlord in Ireland is estranged from his tenants, and the tenant has no such feeling and regard as those which you have at different times demonstrated for my grandfather, and I may say for the whole of my family. (Applause) When I was India , that vast dependency beyond the sea, with which you,, Major Newton, are so well acquainted, I little thought that, although 6,000 miles divided us, I should still have been present in your thoughts. You have spoken of the kind interest my grandfather and grandmother have taken in you in times of trouble. There have been times of trouble in ye years of my grandparents but I am sure, gentlemen, that the sympathy and good feeling which have been shown throughout this estate for them would repay the kindness and benevolence that you say they have made it their duty to practice amongst you.

You have spoken of the responsibility, although we all trust may be far distant yet, may in the course of years devolve upon me, and I should like to say now, as I said last July in Yorkshire upon a similar occasion, that I know of very few young men upon whom a greater responsibility is likely to devolve, and I know of no young man who will have a nobler example to follow. (Cheers) Let that timepiece which you have just erected in the Town Hall of Shillelagh bear an everlasting testimony of the good feeling that has existed between you and my father in the past, and in the same manner as the hands of the clock show not only the hours that are past and those to come, so let it bear testimony also to the good feeling that I hope and pray may always exist between us in the future, the same feeling that has always made the Shillelagh estate stand alone among all the estates in Ireland.. In conclusion, I can only once again offer you my most sincere thanks for the very useful, and handsome present you have just bestowed upon

Afterwards Earl Fitzwilliam entertained the visitors at luncheon.

The architecture was in the hands of Mr. Fieldsend, Lord Fitzwilliam’ architect and the clock bells and casket were supplied by Johnston, Grafton Street, Dublin.

Abraham Stewart

Lower Munny was leased to Abraham Stewart, Lady day 1767 for the Life of his wife Esther (who died last June) ….21 years, by whose Death, the Lease then expires. The Farm contains 300A 2 R, Rent 138 Pounds . ….Brit….Ann (annum?) (note on right side of ledger has 138-10

Let to the following Tenants upon ……. for the full Term (with few (?) exceptions)

Tenants Name Quantity of Acre Rent Observations Pounds shillings pence

Has lease for Mrs Stewarts Term built a Home the cost 319 Pds.

4 Thos Codd 145 0 0 45 0 0

3 Pat Cummins 36 1 0 25 7 6

2 James Byrne 24 0 0 16 16 0

9 Mick Donaugh 21 0 0 24 0 0

2 Pat Byrne 24 0 0 16 16 0

Matt Byrne 13 0 0 14 15 0

9 Edw MacDaniel 15 0 0 15 0 0

9 Ann Kenny (Widow) 15 0 0 15 0 0

William Riley 13 0 0 9 15 0

Thomas Evans(?) 13 0 0 9 15 0

John Codd 11 2 0 9 15 0 “

(note to left side beside John Codd above is) 21 Holdings divided into 10_

More names listed: John Byrne, Daniel Byrne, Edw Kavanah, Martin McDaniel, William Driver, William

Driver (his son), George Driver (his son) John Hanley, James Neal (I cut rest of bottom of microfiche on photocopy)

To the side of John Byrne (under John Code) to McDaniel are brackets { is the start of another note in the right hand column of the ledger: A Lease was Granted to Mick Byrne descas’d (?) from Mrs. Stewarts Term, who divide it amonst these tenants, his sons. Beside the Wm Driver in the right hand column A Lease was Granted for Mrs.S’s Term to William Driver Son, this divided it but gave no Lease

There are other comments under observations beside the other names as well. (Annette)

Wicklow, 1798 Rebellion Claims and Compensation, this is from the ’muniments’ files in Sheffield, not from Ireland, Brian Cantwell produced both Wicklow and Wexford, and other counties as well.

James Stewart, Loomaclonn, Parish Aghowle, horse 9 Pounds 2 shillings

Alice Stewart, Widow, Hacketstown, Carlow claim: furniture, calico, house

two hundred and ninety two pounds, five shillings, sixpence (no payment shown)

(That must have been quite the house as most claims in the 25BP for a house and property damage)

Thomas Stewart, Gorey, Wexford, Shoe maker, Claim: windows broke, cloaths, crop and furniture 24.14.10 paid in full

A letter/memorandum/petition – from Oct 1830, it isn’t alphabetical so will go through that and see if any Stewart’s signed it. It is from 1500 tenants wanting to have

William Haigh, Estate Manager removed as well as well wishes.

They produced a Petition from 1837 with the petitioner’s names; there is no Stewart there, but a Stuart, Mat (Mathew) of Coolkenna.

From:- ‘The Sheffield Telegraph’, February 22, 1902.

AN IRISH LANDLORD

An interesting description of the estates appeared in ‘The Times’, in January 1881. The writer dilated upon the pains that had been taken to house the cottage and smaller farming tenants, to find work for them, and to prevent their becoming too numerous for the available employment and means of support. It was the belief of the Earl that holders occupying 5 to 10 acres only were seldom so well off as regular labourers. The improvements on the estate were commenced by the father of the late Earl and carried on by him.

Tenancies

1 to 20 acres rented at £20 and under – 1,071

£20 to £50- 351

£50 to £100 107

£100 t0 £200 56

£200 to £300 22

Over £300 17

The rents range from 2s. 6d.. per Irish acre for mountain, land and bog to 45s. per acre for useful land near towns and villages.

In the direction of aiding the poor his munificence was unbounded. From 1833 to 1847 he expended £34,568 10s. 6d. upon the emigration of labourers, and in the famine years the outlay under this head reached £23,586 1s. 11d. Ships were specially chartered for the conveyance of those who wished to proceed to America, and painful partings were greatly mitigated owing to the deportation of whole families. Sis week’s work was arranged for near the point of debarkation. The handsome sum of £29,000 value was also paid to the tenants who remained at home to assist them in the trying years between 1844 and 1879. These donations and pensions continued year by year and ranged annually from £700 to £800. Subscriptions to hospitals, dispensaries and other charities in Ireland absorbed £300 per annum. During the years quoted more than £18,000 was subscribed by the late Earl in providing, enlarging or improving school buildings.

On the extensive home farm on the estate, a bog was reclaimed at a cost of £40,000, stock of the best class was reared for distribution among the tenants. Apart entirely from what has been done by the tenants themselves there was an outlay by the Head of the House of Wentworth, continued during 36 years, aggregating £303,000, or six years gross rental of the estate. The figures extracted from the estate books by the correspondent of the ‘Times’ showed that the Earl derived small pecuniary advantage from the Irish estates, and tat indeed he did not appropriate one per cent of their gross value.

From ‘Sheffield Telegraph’, February 26, 1902

Amongst those who attended from Ireland were Mr. Frank Brooke D.L. (Agent), Mr. Thomas D. Lawrenson (sub-agent), Messrs. Wilson, Fieldsend, Hammond, Nicholson, and Johnstone (heads of departments), and the tenants were represented by Louis Montfort J.P., Major Taylor J.P., J.H. Kerr J.P., R.M. Dowse, T. Swan J.P., T. Shepperd M.C.C., Stephen Geraty, E. Byrne J.P., T. Boland J.P., R. Doyle, J.J. Elison, Henry Ireland, R. Laurenson, J.Kavanagh and H. Bruddel. Wreaths were sent from the parishes of Carnew, Shillelagh, Tinahely and Rathdrum.

REFERENCES AND SOURCES

Listed below are details of the many publications and references used in the research for this web site.

Abbreviations

N. L. = National Library of Ireland

Ms. = Manuscript Number

Abstracts of leases 1800-1808 N. L. Ms. 6068

Accounts receipts and disbursements 1757-1806 N.L. Mss. 6057, 6061-61, 4945, 4947, 4950

Accounts 1757-79, 1770-79

A geographical survey of the Aughrim, Shillelagh and Tinahely valley by Budd, Alison B.A. Dissertation 1956

A list of the absentees of Ireland 1783 by Thomas Prior

A Practical treatise on planting and the management of woods and coppices 1794 by Samuel Hayes

A topographical dictionary of Ireland 1837 vol 2 by Samuel Lewis

A tour of Ireland 1776-79 Arthur Young. (Hutton, ed., 1892)

A true state of the coppices and woods in Shillelagh 1762 in Rentals N.L. Ms. 6058

A View of the Natural, Political and Commercial circumstances of Ireland 1809 By T Newham

Appendix to the 13th report of the Duty Keeper of the Public Records of Ireland 1881, fiant 3372

Aspects of the Historical geography of parts of the Duke of Leinster’s estate in County Kildare c.1750-1850 B.A, dissertation by A A Horner

Book of surveys and Distribution for counties Dublin and Wicklow compiled c.1703 N. L. Ms. 964

Calendar of the State Papers of Ireland 23rd September1661

Calendar of the State Papers of Ireland 1608-10 in McCracken Irish Woods

Calendar of the State Papers of Ireland 1663-5

Chamney family (Note on), N. L. Ms. 7230

Chamney inquisition Minmore 1607, Inquisition Hiberniae vol 1 1826

Charles Stewart Parnell: the man and his family by R F Foster

County Map of Wicklow by A.R.Neville

Economic History of Ireland since 1660 by L H Cullen

Eighteenth Century Landscape change Coollattin Estate Records by Peter Lennon B.A. Dissertation Dept of Geography Trinity College Dublin.

England’s improvement by sea and land vol 1 1670 by Andrew Yarranton

Estate records and the making of the modern landscape from Co. Tipperary in Irish Geography 1976 W J Smyth

Estate towns in Ireland B.A. dissertation 1975 by D A Luce

Geology and Scenery in Ireland by J B Whittow

Griffiths Valuations 1853

History of Dublin in 1818 by Warburton, Whitelaw and Walsh

Hume’s observations 1730

IBID

Irish Geography ix 1976 estate records and the making of the modern landscape by W J Smyth

Irish Historical Studies Strafford & the Byrnes country by J P Cooper

Irish Metal Mining in Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of Ireland new series v111 1887 by G H Kinahan

Kenmare Manuscripts by Edward McLysaght

Landlord- tenant relations in Ulster 1609-1820 in Irish Economic and social History ii 1975 by W H Crawford

Lee’s valuation 1731

Letter from Hugh Wentworth to Lord Malton Nov 1749 in Letter book of Hugh Wentworth agent, 1748-51 N. L. n 818 (microfilm)

Letter from Hugh Wentworth to William Buck Nov. 1748

Letter form Hugh Wentworth to Marquis Rockingham, Coollattin, 1748 in letter book of Hugh Wentworth agent N.L. N 818

Letter from William Sherwood to Earl Fitzwilliam 1789 N.L. Ms. 8814

Letter from Peter Brousdon to Navy Commissioners April 1671 in Hore P.E. ed., History of the town and county of Wexford 1911

Man and the Landscape in Ireland by F H Aalen

Mayo and Beyond: land, domestic industry and rural transformation in the Irish West 1750-1900 Ph.D thesis 1977 Boston University Graduate School by E L Almquist

Memoranda 1775-1828 N.L. Ms. 8815

Memorandum dealing with tenancies 1796 no 13 N.L. Ms. 4948

Memorandum dealing with tenancies 1799 no 15 N.L. Ms. 4948

Moland’s survey of the estate of Lord Malton 1728 and 1730 Ms. 6054 N. L.

Moland’s survey Book of References 1728 N. L. Ms. 4944

Notes on the Historical Geography of the Irish Iron Industry’s in Irish Geography iii 1956 by J H Andrews

Observations of Hume (agent) on the Estate of Lord Malton 1730 N. L.

Ordinance survey of Soil in Ireland 1869

Rentals 1748 1780-1808 N. L. Mss. 6053, 6062-72

Road Planning in Ireland before the railway age in Irish Geography v, 1964 by J H Andrews.

Stafford & Byrnes country Irish Historical Studies 1966 J P Cooper

Statistical survey of Ireland Robert Fraser 1801

Statistical survey of County Wicklow Robert Fraser 1801

Sunday press may 15th 1977

Survey of the coppices and woods belonging to Lord Malton 1743 N. L. (uncatalogued) by George Hibbard

The Acts of the Reverend The Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral of St. Patrick”s Dublin March 1670. (copy of original in Trinity College Dublin Library Ms. F1. 17

The Background to the Wexford’s 1798 Rebellion in Irish Economic and Social History ii 1975 by T J Powell. Thesis abstracts

The Economic History of Ireland in the Eighteenth century by George O’Brien

The Irish Woods since Tudor times Eileen McCracken

The Making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923 by J C Beckett

The Population of Ireland 1750-1845 by K H Connell

The Wealth of the great Irish Landowners 1750-1815 in Irish Historical studies xv 1966 by David Large

Travels in Holland, the United Provinces, England, Scotland and Ireland, 1634-35 (e Hawkins ed 1844) by William Brereton

Valuation following Moland’s survey of the estate of Lord Malton 1728 N.L. Ms. 4944

Where other works are referred to details are shown on the specific page.

BIBLIOGRAGPHY

1. Manuscript Material

a) National Library of Ireland;

Number

964 Books of Survey and Distribution for counties Dublin and Wicklow compiled c.1703

1056 Rentals 1754

3982 Valuations of the coppices and woods belonging to Lord Malton by John Lee 1731, 1747

4944 Valuation accompanying Moland’s survey 1728

4945 Receipts and disbursements 1780-7

4947 Receipts and disbursements 1787-94

4948 Memoranda dealing with tenancies 1796-1841

4949 Workmen’s’ cash book 1794-1805

4950 Receipts and disbursements 1794-1806

6053 Rentals and Accounts 1745-57

6054 Observations by Hume, agent, on the estate of Lord Malton, 1730

6055 Rentals 1748

6057 Accounts 1757-71

6058 Rentals 1762

6059 Rentals 1770

6060-1 Accounts 1770-9

6062-63 Rentals, receipts and disbursements 1778-81

6064-7 Rentals 1783-1796

6068 Abstracts of leases 1797-8 1800-08

6092-72 Rentals 1796-1808

7230 Notes on the Genealogy of the Chamney family

8814 Correspondence of William Sherwood, tenant 1788-1828

8815 Memoranda 1775-1828 containing a plan for building at Malton

8817 Letters from tenants 1785-1828

Coollattin papers

Moland’s survey and valuation of the estate of Lord Malton, 1728 (uncatalogued)

George Hibbard’s survey of the coppices and woods belonging to Lord Malton 1743 (uncatalogued)

n. 818 Letter Book of Hugh Wentworth, agent 1748-51 (Microfilm)

b) Trinity College Library, Dublin:

1209 (12) Manuscript map – Sir Henry Harrington’s defeat in the Berne’s countie, (neere into Wicklow) an. 1559

F.1.17 The Acts of the Reverend the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of St. Patrick’s Dublin 1670

2. Published Material

a) Guides

Ainsworth, J.F., Interim Report of the Fitzwilliam Papers (from 1728), N.L. report on private collections, no 128

Hayes, R.J., Manuscript sources of Irish Civilisation (11 vols., Boston, Mass., 1965)

b) Calenders and Published Manuscripts

Calenders to fiants of the region of Henry VIII, Elizabeth 1, in First report of the deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Dublin, 1875-90)

Calender of the State Papers of Ireland, 1600-2, 1611-14, (London, 1860-1911)

Lease of the estate of Lord Wells, in Crawford, W.H. and Traynor, B., eds., Aspects of Irish Social History, 1750-1800 (Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, 1968)

McLysaght, Edward, ed., The Kenmare Manuscripts (Dublin 1942)

c) Contemporary and Nearly Contemporary Works

Brerereton, William, Travels in Holland, the United Provinces, England, Scotland and Ireland, 1634-35, (E. Hawkins, ed., Manchester, 1844)

Fraser, Robert, Statistical survey of County Wicklow, (Dublin 1801)

Hayes, Samuel, A practical treatise on planting and the management of woods and coppices, (Dublin 1794)

Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical dictionary of Ireland (2 vols., Dublin 1837)

Newham, T., A view of the natural, political and commercial circumstances of Ireland, (1809)

Neville, A.R., County Map of Wicklow (Dublin, C.1749)

Prior, T., A list of the absentees of Ireland (Dublin, 1783)

Radcliffe, Revd. T., Report of the agriculture and livestock of the county of Wicklow (Dublin 1812)

Yarranton, Andrew, England’s improvement by sea and land (2 vols. London, 1670, 1698)

Young, Arthur, A tour in Ireland in the years 1776-77-78, Hutton, A.W., ed. (2 vols., London 1892)

d) Later Works

Aalen, F.H., Man and the landscape in Ireland (London, 1978)

Andrews, J.H., Notes on the historical geography of the Irish Iron industry, in Irish Geography, iii, 1956

Andrews, J.H., Road planning in Ireland before the Railway Age, in Irish Geography, v 1964

Budd, Alison, A geographical survey of the Shillelagh, Aughrim and Tinahely valley, Unpublished B.A. Dissertation, Trinity College Dublin, 1956

Connell, D.M. The Population of Ireland: 1750-1845 (Oxford, 1950)

Cooper, J.P., Strafford and the Burnes’ Country, in Irish Historical Studies, xv, 1965

Crawford, W.M., Landlord-tenant relationships in Ulster, 1610-1800, in Irish Economic and Social History, ii, 1973

Foster, R.F., Charles Stewart Parnell: The man and his family (1976)

Hore, P.H., History of the town and county of Wexford (Dublin 1904)

Horner, A.A., Aspects of the historical geography of the Duke of Leinster’s estate, c.1750-1850, unpublished B.A. dissertation, Trinity College Dublin, 1965

Large, David, The wealth of the greater Irish landowners, 1780-1815, Irish Historical Studies, xv, 1965

Luce, D.A., Estate towns in Ireland, Unpublished B,.A. dissertation Trinity College Dublin, 1975

Maxwell, C., County and town in Ireland under the Georges (Dublin 1940)

McCracken, Eileen, The Irish woods since Tudor times (London, 1974)

O’Brien, George, The Economic History of Ireland in the eighteenth century (London, 1912)

Warburton, Whitelaw and Walsh, History of Dublin, 2 vol.

CARNEW MEDIAEVAL ORIGINS

The town of Carnew is located on the southernmost border of County Wicklow. In terms of both historical outlook and socio-economic considerations, it has more in common with its southern neighbouring county of Wexford, than it has with the county of Wicklow. According to nineteenth century topographers the name is derived from Carn an Buadha (‘the mound of victory’). This is an unlikely explanation. Carnew was located in an area of dense uninhabited oak forest at the time when the builders of cairns were traversing our land.

It is more likely that the town’s origins are to be found as a northern outpost in the Anglo Norman colonisation of the liberty of Wexford. When cartographers were preparing the six inch OS maps during the 1830’s Carnew had at least seven ‘moats’. These are the remnants of motte and baileys, the defensive structures built by the Anglo Normans. These consisted of a circular, and sometimes rectangular, mound of earth, surrounded by a water-filled ditch, or fosse. The mound was surmounted by a palisade and wooden buildings. The remnants of the largest of the town’s moats, ‘Fitzpatrick’s moat’, is located just south of Carnew castle, alongside the road to Ferns. As the colonists consolidated their hold on the area it is likely that this motte and bailey was replaced by a more permanent stone castle.

At the Partition of Leinster in 1247, the parish was temporarily detached from the liberty of Wexford and assigned to the De Bohun family of Dunamase in the liberty of Kildare. It is significant that the parish was referred to as ‘Carnebot’ and in later records as ‘Carneboth’ or ‘Carnebothe’. Since members of the Carnebothe family received land grants in counties Kilkenny and Carlow it is speculative, but reasonable, to assume that that the colonisation of the town was led by a member of the same family. In any case, the town in 1247 was a borough with its own charter and had a sizeable colony. The town’s inhabitants (burgesses) paid a rental of £72 for their houses (burgages) and burgage plots.

The paucity of Irish mediaeval records means that we will never know the full extent of the colonisation or how effective it was in repelling the attacks of the O’Byrnes and O’Tooles during the Gaelic revival of the 14th century. It is probable that the castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt until the early 17th century when Sir Henry Harrington was granted the barony of Shillelagh by Elizabeth 1. The Jacobean castle, reputed to have been built by Harrington retains enough Norman features to suggest a much earlier origin. In 1619, a Welshman, Calcott Chambre, leased Carnew castle. During the following two decades he was to establish a large iron smelting industry just outside the town. He also developed one of the country’s largest deer parks, with a radius of about seven Irish miles.

SIR HENRY’S CASTLE

Sir Henry built a defensible castle of stone and lime as Knocklow, near the Carlow border, in the west of the present-day Shillelagh barony. This was subsequently destroyed in 1597, when the native O’Byrnes defeated Sir Henry.
A hand painted plan of the battle survives, showing the castle at Knocklow beside the river Dereen, but unfortunately it shows little details of the surrounding landscape.
Sir Henry rebuilt his castle at Carnew in the early seventeenth century, which still stands today.

This period was also the time when the influence of the estate on all aspects of the local economy, and the income drawn from the estate, was at its greatest, not just in this area, but throughout Ireland.
The earliest record viewed was estate maps drawn up by Moland in 1728.
Moland’s survey, accompanied by a valuation, was completed before many leases on the estate expired in the early 1730’s , and gives a detailed picture of land use and the extent of head tenants’ improvements on each town lands.
The study area is covered in fifteen maps, each showing on average five or six town lands.
Moland’s survey, together with a volume of maps drawn up by George Hibbard in 1743 showing the extent of coppices and woods on the estate, arrived in the National Library only in August 1978, and are as yet un-catalogued.
The other records, however, have been available for almost thirty years.

These records are of three main types: account books, rentals and estate correspondence.
The account books are continuous from 1745 and provide a day-to-day record of every item of estate income and expenditure.
These are very detailed, and are especially useful in studying the level of estate investment in improvements on the demesne and the estate in general.
The rentals, which were drawn up at approximately six-yearly intervals after 1748 and are continuous (yearly) from 1778, contain information not only on the number of holdings, their area and valuation, but also on the permissive and restrictive clauses imposed by the estate on each tenant when the lease was drawn up or renewed, information not usually given in the rentals of other estates in Ireland at this time.

Estate correspondence includes the letters of the agent, landlord and tenants, observations made on the estate by the agent, and memoranda dealing with tenancies, where the agent advised the landlord on the level of improvements on the holding for which a tenant seeks a renewal of his lease.
The great wealth of detail contained in these records, and the fact that they have survived particularly well, suggests a highly organized estate administration which, as Smyth suggests, is probably untypical of Irish estates as a whole.
The records also represent a particular point of view; they portray a view of the estate by those concerned with managing it.
The economic and social conditions of subtenants, therefore, with whom the management had little dealings, are difficult to trace in the records.
These may be supplemented by other sources, in particular travelers’ accounts of the area.
There must be little doubt, however, that the completeness and detail of the estate records imply a very accurate representation of conditions at that time.
Travelers’ accounts from this period, notably Fraser’s observations on the estate, published in 1801, invariably express surprise at the high level of improvements in the area, considering its poor fertility. The

As both the eighteenth and nineteenth century land valuations show, the light-textured soils derived from granitic material in the west of the region are considerably more fertile than those soils overlaying shale, which make up about 70% of the total area of this estate.
Much of the land over 1,000 feet is peat land.
With so much mountainous terrain and river to contend with, it is not surprising that the roads within the area often take a meandering course through physical barriers.
Nevill’s county map of Wicklow provides a good picture of the communications network in the last decade of the eighteenth century. It shows a generally unplanned network, with few of the long stretches of straight road characteristic of mid-eighteenth century roads in other parts of Ireland laid out under the presentment system. Two exceptions to this noticeable, however: at Coollattin (Malton), laid out in the mid-1770s, where the unusually straight road deviates from its original course to pass close to demesne houses.

This feature is still preserved in the modern road at Ballybeg.
The roads in general avoid the marshy river valleys, but important exceptions to this have already been mentioned: those roads following the valleys of the Derry and its tributaries flowing south-eastwards.
The links between Shillelagh and Tullow, and Tinahely and Hacketstown, were of great importance during the century not only because they provided access to markets in County Carlow, but also because supplies of lime necessary s fertiliser, drawn from Carlow, passed along these route ways.

The estate did not partake in road building mainly, it seems, because it was satisfied with the existing network.
On his arrival from Yorkshire in 1748, the agent Hugh Wentworth was impressed with the quality of roads:
’As to the bridges and roads we have certainly in the county of Wicklow far better than any other county in Ireland which are made by an assessment of so much in the pound equally levied by the several constables and paid into a cashier’s hand, and proper people to repair the roads, and this is instead of common-days works, and I think much a better method, and by which we are free from turnpikes’.

By the end of the century, however, this view had changed, and the estate seemed anxious that several new roads should be built to encourage industry within the area, particularly in the northern half of the estate.
The clauses written into the lease drawn up in Farnees in 1802 are typical of many others from this period: ‘Liberty of making a way from Whiterock to the road leading from the County of Carlow to Tinahely not exceeding eighteen feet in breadth’.
Around this time also a canal was proposed by Fraser in 1801, ‘to accelerate the improvement of this county’, which would facilitate the movement of lime and coal into the area and also, it was believed, to open up the copper mines in the north-east corner of the estate.
An actual survey of the proposed route of the canal was drawn up by John Killaly in 1808, which would branch off the Grand Canal north of Naas, and ‘after crossing the river Slaney, and visiting Baltinglass, also Hacketstown by a winding course, will be terminated at Killabeg, about two miles and a half from the town of Shillelagh.
This ambitious scheme, however, never even reached County Carlow. Later in the century, a new route way was opened up with the construction of the Woodenbridge and Shillelagh railway in 1865.
The estate was largely instrumental in the completion of this branch, in granting land free of cost for twelve of the sixteen miles of the line, and donating £1,000 towards the cost of its construction.

This was subsequently destroyed in 1597, when Sir Henry was defeated by the native O’Byrne’s. A hand-painted plan of this battle survives, showing the castle at Knocklow beside the river Dereen, but unfortunately it shows little detail of’ the surrounding landscape.

Sir Henry’s Castle at Carnew which was rebuilt after its destruction during the Cromwellian wars, and Black Tom’s Cabin – the house begun by Thomas Wentworth near Tinahely about 1635, but was never completed.

Sir Henry rebuilt his castle at Carnew in the early seventeenth century, which still stands. Sir Henry died in 1612,11 and the castle passed into the possession of Calcott Chambers, a Welshman who, by the time the English traveller, William Brereton, journeyed through South Wicklow in 1635, had built a deer park ‘seven miles in compass around the castle.

ALL SAINTS CHURCH CARNEW CO. WICKLOW

The early decades of the 19th century brought a welter of building and rebuilding activity on the part of Coollattin Estate. Plans to develop an estate town in Coollattin were abandoned and the available monies diverted to rebuilding the towns of Carnew and Tinahely In addition to the rebuilding of Main Street, twelve impressive houses were built in Pavey’s Garden (now School Height) and named Brunswick Row a row of fifteen more humble dwellings was built on Coollattin Road. Tenants undertaking private building development were fifty per cent funded by the estate.

A major undertaking was the reconstruction of Carnew castle which, apart from is use as a guardhouse, had lain derelict for one and a half centuries. It was re-roofed, its windows widened and generally togged out as a Georgian pile for the Rev. Ponsonby who arrived as rector in 1813. Ponsonby did not last long in the castle. He was a brother in law of Earl Fitzwilliam, was upwardly mobile, had connections in the right places, and was soon to become Bishop of Derry

Rebuilding the town was one thing. Healing the scars on the minds and in the hearts of its inhabitants was to prove more difficult. Sectarian strife was never far below the surface. In 1850 Carnew’s constable Laurence Farrell requested police reinforcements when he was informed that ‘a large number of country people from the county of Wexford will assemble on this evening at Carnew for the purpose of tearing down any emblems, flags or poles that may be exhibited or hoisted in the town of Carnew on this 12th day of July 1850’. Conflict was avoided when, at the last minute, the contentious flags were peacefully removed after the intervention of the Coollattin agent, Bob Challoner. During the latter part of the century there were prosecutions for the removal of a Union Jack from the churchyard on July 12th. In court discretion prevailed over valour and the offenders were generally released with a warning regarding their future behaviour.

Earl Fitzwilliam and his agent Bob Challoner turned to the provision of interdenominational education as a means for healing old wounds. An impressive two storey school (now Carnew Enterprise Centre) was built n 1829. The nature of the education and the role of the Catholic clergy in its provision proved a bridge too far for the town’s rector, Rev. Henry Moore. He sought to have a school built for his own parishioners. There ensued a protracted struggle between two determined protagonists. In the end, following a chancery court ruling Moore got his way and was allowed to build a school on the only site available to him, the corner of the churchyard. Fitzwilliam reaction was to evict the rector from the castle.

In addition to Upper Primary school Rev. Moore left two other monuments to his memory. In the 1840’s he built All Saints Church to replace the church built by the Nicksons in the 1720’s. The clock tower and the spire which had been added to the old church in the early 19th century were left standing. He also built the twelve foot high castle wall, thus shrouding from the public gaze the old grey dense castle walls which re-echo so many tragic chapters in the history of the town of Carnew.

CARNEW’S SCHOOL HISTORY

Current National School

Carnew’s first school was established on the instructions of Earl Fitzwilliam of Coollattin, in the building, which now houses Carnew Enterprise Centre. Earl Fitzwilliam was appointed Lord Lieutenant in 1793. On his arrival in Dublin, he was determined to grant Catholic Emancipation. His liberal agenda was so vehemently opposed, by the Dublin establishment, that he was recalled by Sir William Pitt in 1795.

He carried his liberal agenda over into the administration of his estate, founding multidenominational schools at Carnew, Shillelagh, Coolafancy and Motabower.

This being prior to the passage of the 1831 National School’s act, he also paid teacher’s salaries. Part of Coláiste Bhride now stands on a field he made available, for the grazing of cows, to supply milk to necessitous children.

The present School was officially opened in 1958, as a four-teacher school. Due to increased enrolments in the late sixties, two pre-fabricated buildings were erected to the rear of the school. A further increase in enrolments in the late seventies, necessitated the re-use of St Aidan’s club – the original school building.

In 1980 The Department of Education sanctioned the erection of a permanent extension, which included a general-purpose room and 4 new classrooms, making 8 in total. This extension was opened and blessed by Dr. Brendan Comiskey, Bishop of Ferns, in October 1985.

The latest development of the school was the addition of two new classrooms in 2009.

CARNEW PARISH REGISTERS

Baptisms:

Benjamin so of Edward & Frances Hopkins Croneyhorne Farmer Sept 14, 1828

Edward son of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins born May 11th May 26, 1811

Eliza James daughter of John & Alice James Coolkenna baptised Nov 6, 1836 in Aghold Parish

Elizabeth daughter of Richard & Elizabeth Hopkins Ballard Farmer June 13, 1830

Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins born May 25th June 6, 1812

Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph and Jane Hopkins born May 19th May 20th. 1810

Hannah daughter of John & Anne James born July 24, baptised Aug. 11, 1824

Henrietta daughter of Richard & Elizabeth Hopkins Farmer Ballard May 4, 1828 Rev.Moore

Isabella, daughter of Richard & Mary Hopkins Balla (no birthdate listed) August 25, 1809

Jane daughter of Edward & Frances Hopkins Farmer April 2, 1826 J. Frith Minister

Jane daughter of Edward and Jane Hopkins Carnew Apr 9th, 1808

John Matthews (looks like surname) son of Ralph and Jane Lawrenson born June 7th June 25, 1812

Joseph son of Joseph and Elizabeth Hopkins born September 7th October 24, 1824

Mary Ann daughter of John and Jane Hopkins Carnew 4 May 1, 1808

Mary daughter of Joseph and Jane Hopkins born September 13th September 19, 1812

Rebecca James of Nathaniel and Janes James Munahullen baptised Nov 6, 1836 in Aghold Parish

Richard son of Joseph and Sarah Hopkins born Oct 2nd October 17, 1824

Samuel Allen, son of Ralph and Jane Lawrenson of Paulbeg born Oct 7th Baptism Nov 10, 1809

Thomas son of Jos. Edw and Mary James Bally…son June 1, 1808

unreadable name …ian? John and Annie James Carnew, father Labourer Oct 7, 1827

William (Vera?) son of Benjamin and Susanna Hopkins Ballan_born July 1st. 1809July 6, 1809

William Henry of Joseph and Jane Hopkins born July 29th September 3 or 5, 1824

William James son of Anthony and Elizabeth James Feb..1714

William so of Joseph and Sarah Hopkins Farmer Tomacork June 24, 1827 Rev. Moore

William so of William Edwards & Susanna Hopkins born September 25th September 27, 1818

William son of James Jones and ? Hopkins born the __ 4th 1814, October

Parish of Carnew Marriages from 1808

Edward Hopkins and Frances Grundy married 17th. Jan, 1825 both signed Witness W.J.Grandy (note spellings) and Wm. butler both bride and groom signed

James Warren and Eliza Hopkins Aug 2, 1833 Shillelagh Rev. Robert Carpenter both James and Elizabeth signed the register, no witnesses listed

Nicholas Hopkins, Parish of Moyacombe and Susannah Ralph of Carnew 26, Nov, 1811, both signed registerWitness Ann Wilson and William Bow__ke?

Richard Hopkins, Garryhastings and Larah Discey? Dix? of Clonegal Witness Wm. Hopkins Jan 13, 185

William Hopkins of Parish Clonegal and Ann Dowzer of Carnew 2nd. Feby, 1816 Witness: Michael Dowzer and John Graham

Burials:

Amo? Hopkins Carnew April 29, 1842 age 36

Ann Hopkins Carnew Jan 13, 1860 age 20

Ann James Carnew Jan 16, 1863 81

Edward Hopkins Croneyhorn April 11, 1843 age 40

Eleanor James Carnew May 1851 age 32

Elizabeth Hopkins May 16, 1869 age 35

Elizabeth James Carnew Nov 9, 1844 age 97

Frances Hopkins Cronyhorn January 13, 1842 age 4

Hanna Hopkins Hollyfort Feb 21, 1841

Jane Lawrenson 20 Dec, 1817

John Hopkins Carnew July 30, 1841 age 53

John James Carnew Jan 6, 1851 age 68

John James Carnew June 20, 1837 age 4

John James Carnew Mar 10, 1861 74 yr

Jos Hopkins Tomacork Nov 10, 1866 age 84

Jos. Hopkins Carnew September 13, 1847 no age

Letitia James Carnew Feb 13, 1846 age 17

Michael James Carnew d June 26, 1869 40

Richard Hopkins Tomacork June 26, 1849 age 26

Sarah Hopkins October 23, 1861 age 61

Susan Jane James Moyna(Moyne) Sept 11, 1843 3 mo.

Thomas James Shillelagh Mar 3, 1863 86 yr

Thos. Hopkins, Carnew May 30, 1838

AGHOLD

Lists the head of household paying tithes to the established church of that time i.e., The Church of Ireland

TITHE APPLOTMENT BOOKS

FOR THE PARISH OF AGHOWLE DIOCESE OF LEIGHLIN, CO. CARLOW 1824-1825

Lower Munny (Money) No. 4 1) Thos Codd 2) John Codd 3) Nat Byrne 4) John Neil 5) John Hanley

6) Wm. Reily 7) Thos Evans 8) Wm Driver 9) Geo Driver 10) Wm(?) Driver

11) John Nowland / Nolan 12) James Byrne 13) Pat Byrne 14) John Byrne 15) Dan(?) Byrne

16) Martin Daniel (McDaniel) 17) Edw Kavanagh 18) Mick Donahoe 19) Owen McDaniel 20) …..? Henry

21) Pat Cummins

Upper Munney Dicksons Killinure No.5 Compliment 32 Thos McDaniel 33 John McDaniel

ST. MICHAEL’S CHURCH, AGHOLD

Registry book of Aghold, 1700-1812

Baptism

?????? son/daughter of Nicholas & Elizabeth Hopkins Text un-readable May 15, 1733

Anne daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Hopkins July 5th 1724

Benjamin son of Benjamin Hopkins and Mary March 1732 1732

Benjamin son of Richard and Margaret Hopkins May 28, 1754

daughter of Edward Hopkins & Ann July 10th. 1740

Elizabeth daughter of Benjamine Hopkins and wife Nov. 14th 1720

Elizabeth daughter of Richard & Margaret Hopkins Jan 21, 1752

Elizabeth daughter of Robert Hopkins and Mary December 1714

Jane daughter of Edward Hopkins & Ann Hopkins July 1, 1739

Jane daughter of Robert Hopkins and Mary December 1713

John son of John and Elizabeth Hopkins March 17, 1754

John son of Joseph & Elizabeth Hopkins 30th 1732

Joseph son of William & Mary Hopkins March 29, 1796

Mary James daughter daughter of William and Elizabeth James born April 4, 1811

Rachel daughter of Nicholas Hopkins and Deborah could be May or March 1739

Robert son of John and Elizabeth Hopkins born April 25, 1812

Thomas son of Joseph & Elizabeth Hopkins Dec. 11th. 1740

Thomas son of Joseph and Elizabeth Hopkins Dec. 11, 1739

William son of William and Mary Hopkins July 20, 1794

Marriage:

Joseph Hopkins of T_________ Henrietta daughter of Mary Twamley of Mullahullen April 8, 1760

Burial

Ann daughter of late Richard and Margaret Hopkins 1765, May 7

Shelelagh Rentals (from Coollattin Estate records)

70 Thomas James 71 William James houses and garden dated Lady’s Day 1746

Expenditures in Estate Records

William James received 67 Pounds 10 shillings 24 June 1742

List of Arrears

Benjamin and Anthony James took tenancy of 60 Acres 3 roods and 7 1/2 perches 1739 Benjamin and William James were forgiven 24 Pounds 4 shilling and ten 1/2 pence 1732

SHILLELAGH

During the Winter

Is a delightful little village beautifully situated on the banks of the river Derry in the County Of Wicklow, but on the Wexford Border, about 5.5 miles from Tinahely and 50 Miles from Dublin. It is the head of a Union district and petty sessional Division, and has a terminal station on a branch line of the Dublin South Eastern Railways. The village is remarkably clean and well built. The country for miles around is very picturesque, and bears evidence on all sides of bounteous nature and a generous landlord, in the person of Lord Fitzwilliam, whose ancestral seat is within a mile of the village.

There is excellent lake and river fishing in the neighbourhood. The hotel accommodation is excellent and moderate in charge. The Protestant Church is a singularly handsome granite structure, erected, extended, and endowed by the Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam. The Catholic Church is a commodious building, capable of accommodating 1,500 worshippers, at Tomacork, about 2 miles distant. There are two excellent Elementary Schools under the effective control and management of Mr Richard Evanson and Mr Thomas Kennedy, respectively, The Population in 1901 was 160.

Shillelagh Union Board meets on Fridays at 1p.m.

The union comprises the following Electoral Divisions

Aghowl, Ballingate, Ballinglen Ballybeg, Carnew, Coollattin Coolballintaggart, Coolboy, Croneleam Kilballyowenm Killinure, Killpipe Money-Rath, Shillelagh and Tinahely Area of the union is 80,000 acres

Population 1901, 8,946 Chairman, Board of Guardians -Michael Byrne J.P. Tinahely Vice Chariman -Patric Kenny, Coolkenno Deputy Vice Chairman – Patrick Byrne, Coolkenno Clerk – John Hopkins, Raheenakitt Relieving Officers;- M O’Toole, Carnew/ and James Dunne, Rathshammore/Peter Furlong Master of the Union

District Council meet at the Workhouse on Alternate Fridays Chairman -E. J. Bynre ( St Mullins Tinahely) Vice Chairman – Michael Fleming ( Ballynultagh) Officials Clerk – John Hopkins ( Raheenakitt) Treasurers- National Bank Gorey Medical Officer ;- Francis F Brady L.R.C.P.

Consulting Sanitary Officer ;- Francis J G King Engineer and Architect – John J. O. Ramsay, (Dunlavin)Shillelagh Post Office, Money Order, Telegraph Office, saving Bank Annuities (Instructions ). Letters should have S.O., County Wicklow added T McMahon – Post Master Petty Sessions are held first Tuesday each Month

MAGISTRATES Frank Brooke (Ardeen) Edward Byrne (Muskeagh) Lewis Mountfort ( Killinure) William T Browne Clerk

Constabulary Sergeant Philip Reilly and four constables (Baronial Hight) Constable Joseph Hopkins (Ballyrahin)

SCHOOLS National NO 1 Richard Evanson Master National No. 2 Thomas Kennedy Master

RAILWAY STATION J Black Stationmaster

WORKHOUSE Master Peter M Furlong Matron Miss Mary Fleming Chaplains Rev John Moore M.A. Rev. Walter Sinnott P.P. Medical Officer Francis J King M.B. Ch.

Schoolmistress in the Union Mrs P M Furlong Superintendent Registrar of Births and marriages John Hopkins

Dispensary District Medical Offers Coollattin F.F. Brady L.R.C.P Tinahely James Fitzgerald L.R.C.P.

Private residents are John Grundy (Park Lodge) Frank Brooke (Ardeen) Thomas George Hopkins (Cronelea House) F J G King M.B. (Ballard) Rev John Moore M.A.,

SHILLELAGH NOTICES Deaths

Elinor James, Carnew July 22, 1833 14 yr

Hannah James, Carnew July 10, 1828 75 yr

Sarah James, Aghold Feb 3, 1884 84 yr

Susannah James, Aghold Feb 18, 1865 33 yr

William James, Ardmine Nov 16, 1875 46 yr

Marriage

Sarah March 15, 1842 William Henry Jackson to Catherine James April 7, 1837 Children Eliza 1842 Oct 11 John June 6, 1835 Letitia 27 Feb 1832

William James to Elizabeth Chamney July 7, 1804 by license

Edward Codd to Mary Collier April 19, 1953, Coolkenno Witness: John James

List of Houses and Land from Coollattin Estate books 91-5 Abstract of Irish Leases 1790

John James, Carnew Publican

Ralph James, Esquire Capn. of 1/2 pay

Widows Pension:

June James 2 Pounds, 10 shillings 6 pence Jan 18, 1822

Register of Tullophelim Parish 1695-1825 these are births

Edward son of Edward and Elizabeth James June 11, 1799 Edward son of Edward & Elizabeth James Aug 7, 1795(It is possible this son died and they named the 1799 child Edward it seems odd to us now but it was common then)

Elizabeth dau of Edward & Elizabeth James Mar 31, 1797 Suzanne daughter of Edward and Eliza James private baptism May 17, 1803 later entry April 19, 1804 received into the church after private baptism

Edward son of Edward & Eliza James born April 19, 1801 Elinor dau. of Edward and Eliza James born April 29, 1804 William son of Thomas and Esther James Aug 14, 1803 George William James son of R…& Mary James born Sept 30, 1829 and baptised Oct 18, 1829

Edward son of Thomas & Janes James born Feb 6, baptised Feb 17, 1822 John Noble son of Thomas and Jane born 19 July, baptised Aug 28, 1836 Sarah daugh of Thomas & Jane born Nov 23, 1834 baptized Aug 28, 1836

Burial Thomas James of Pauleville buried Dec 18, 1866 75 yr

St.Fiaac’s Church Clonegal Parish

Elizabeth born 25 June 1812 to Matthew and Leticia James

National Archives, Tithe records 1824-16 TAB32/55 Parish of Aghowle

property 22 Widow James had 25 Acres 3.11 Property 5 John James 57A l.34

Shillelagh (Irish: Síol Éalaigh, meaning “Descendants of Éalach”) is a village located in County Wicklow, Ireland.

The town was planned as part of the Fitzwilliam estate in the 17th century. Nearby Coollattin House (designed by John Carr and built around 1800) was the seat of the Fitzwilliam Estate. Tomnafinnoge Oak Wood is the largest remaining oak forest in Ireland. One of only two Cork Oaks in Ireland exists in Shillelagh. The town name is associated with the blackthorn walking stick known as a shillelagh.

Coollattin Golf Club is an 18 hole parkland course, and is situated close to the village.

TRANSPORT

Shillelagh railway station opened on 22 May 1865, closed for passenger and goods traffic on 24 April 1944 and finally closed altogether on 20 April 1945.

The town is on the Wicklow Way, one of Ireland’s most popular long distance walking routes.

References

1. “Shillelagh station”. Railscot – Irish Railways. http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

Tinahely 1910- Porter’s directory

Is a pleasant little market town in the Parish of Kilcommon and barony of Ballinacor, South, Five and half miles North east of Shillelagh and about 45 South Of Dublin, It is the head of a Petty Sessional Division and Dispensary District, with a station on the Shillelagh branch of the Dublin and South Eastern Railway.

The chief industry of the neighbourhood are corn and saw mills, giving employment to a considerable number of hands, and lately a new article of Irish Manufacture had been developed viz:- the Manufacture of Pheasant and chicken food, which has already obtained a national repute, and is the only one of its kind in Ireland. The scenery of the neighbourhood is a very interesting. The fishing is very good and the antiquarian, zoologist or historian can spend a few days here with advantage. During the exciting times of 1798 several of the Protestants houses were burnt, but were re-erected by Lord Fitzwilliam. Markets are held on Monday and Wednesday and Fairs monthly, and Fowl Market on Mondays is well frequented.

Population in 1901 370

Post Office Money Order Telegraph office and Savings Bank Annuities, & C. John McDonagh -Sub Postmaster

Magistrates – Tinahely petty Sessions Thomas Boland E J Byrne Edward Byrne Michael Byrne JJ Hayden, (Killaneaney)

Robert Patton ( Aughrim) Robert Taylor J H Kerr, Major Newton ( Ballybeg),

Sessions held Court House second Wednesday every Month J J Browne Clerk

Dipensary Medical Officer GJ Sexton L.R.O.S. & L.M. L.R.C.P.I. Physician and Surgeon, Medical Officer of Health and late assistant Medical Officer Eastry Union Infirmary, Dover

Eastry Sanatorium for infection disease

Constabulary Sergeant James Clifford and four constables

Clergy Church of Ireland :-Rev John Bennett Catholic Rev John Dunne PP Rev John Busher C C Wesleyan Minister:- Rev W R Martin

SCHOOLS National :- Eugene McCaffery/Master at Tinahely Thomas Alldrid /Master at Kilcommon

RAILWAY Michael Fleming -Station Master

Private residents listed at the time were Rev John Bennett Rev William Martin G Eager George Parsley( Town View) A Symes

Dr GJ Sexton James Traynor

TINAHELY COMMERCIAL TRADERS 1910

Miss Bassett Milliner

Bertie Bassett Practical Cycle and motor engineer, and repairer ;- all accessories

Thomas Bassett General Draper

Mrs Annie E Bolster

John Bookey Carpenter

Edward & Sons

Boulger Builders, contractors, farmers, emigration and insurance agent The Orchards

Mrs Philip Byrne Grocer

Edward Byrne Butcher

James Donohoe Baker

John Doyle Butcher

Patrick Doyle Grocer and provisions merchant Coolroe

Thomas Doyle Undertaker and Wheelright

William Doyle Cooper

Robert Driver Bootmaker

George Eager Provisions and leather stores

William Glynn Mechanical Engineer

John McGuire Family Grocer, Tea Wine, spirit provisions, corn and oat merchant

William Moreton Carpenter

Edward Murphy Butcher

Patrick Murphy draper, grocer, iron monger, hardware, seed, manure and implement Telegrams Wine, spirit provision and general merchant, corn and wool buyer, and victualler “Murphy at Shillalegh

Joseph Needham Pensioner

John Nolan Bootmaker

Mrs Helen O’Connor Grocer and Vitner

J O’Farrell Family , grocer, tea, wine, spirit, boot-leather, coal, seed, cement and general merchant

Mrs O’Rouke Nurse

Henry Parsley Butcher Baker and Provision dealer

John Payne Watchmaker

Laurence Pierce family grocer, baker, hardware, corn, wool, coal, salt, Telegram seed and manure merchant “Pierce Tinahely”

Joseph George Sexton L.R.C.P.S.I. & L.M./L.R.C.P. & L.M. Medical

Officer Tinahely Medical Officer Mountain View

J T Sherlock Arms Hotel Temperance

Samuel Sherlock Painter and Decorator

Patrick Henry Stack Pharmeceutical Chemist

Thomas Benjamin Griffin Painter and Decorator

Edwin Hammond Auctioneer and valuer Paulbeg

M Hanly Tailor

Mrs Haskins Provisions dealer

John Kelly Car Owner and road contractor

John Kirkpatrick Timber Merchant and saw mills

John Lennon Builder and Contractor

Eugene McCaffery National Schools teacher

M Symes & Co. `Family drapers and grocers, hardware, drug seed and manure merchants clothiers and boot factors

Thomas Symes Posting establishment

Rowland Taylor Grocer and provision dealer and druggist

Wentworth Taylor miller and grain and timber merchant, ground oats, oatmeal, calf meal, granulated oatmeal. Pheasant food dry chick food. Telegram “Taylor Mills”

Wentworth Taylor Corn and saw mill proprietor Tinahely Mills

James Traynor Civil Engineer

John Traynor Blacksmith

Peter Traynor Blacksmith

S Weir General Grocer, draper, hardware, seed and general merchant clothier, boot factor, cycle and insurance agent

William Weir Builder and Contractor Patrick Whelan Grocer and provisions merchant

Let to the following Tenants upon ……. for the full Term (with few (?) exceptions)

Tenants Name Quantity of Acre Rent Observations

A R P Pounds shillings pence

Has lease for Mrs. Stewarts Term built a Home the cost 319 Pds. …..For Mrs.S’s Time-

4 Thos Codd 145 0 0 45

3 Pat Cummins 36 1 0 25 7 6

2 James Byrne 24 0 0 16 16 0

9 Mick Donaugh 21 0 0 24 0 0

2 Pat Byrne 24 0 0 16 16 0 Matt Byrne 13 0 0 14 15 0

9 Edw MacDaniel 15 0 0 15 0 0

9 Ann Kenny (Wido15 0 0 15 0 0

William Riley 13 0 0 9 15 0

Thomas Evans(?) 13 0 0 9 15 0

John Codd 11 2 0 9 15 0

(note to left side beside John Codd above is) 21 Holdings divided into 10_

More names listed: John Byrne, Daniel Byrne, Edw Kavanah, Martin McDaniel, William Driver, William

Driver (his son), George Driver (his son) John Hanley, James Neal (I cut rest off bottom of microfiche on photocopy)

To the side of John Byrne (under John Code) to McDaniel are brackets { is the start of another note in the right hand column of the ledger:

A Lease was Granted to Mick Byrne descas’d (?) from Mrs. Stewarts Term, who divide it amongst these tenants, his sons.

Beside the Wm Driver in the right hand column A Lease was Granted for Mrs.S’s Term to William Driver Son, this divided it but gave no Lease

There are other comments under observations beside the other names as well. (Annette)

COOLLATTIN ESTATE FROM THE SHEFFIELD ARCHIVES WWM/F80/39

This list has a wide blackening line right down the middle of the list and covers 18 names the only names showing are

Mr. Saul Boyce.1.2.9 Mr.Rudd . 0.10.0 Mr. Barlow .0.10.0 Mr. Lee .0.7.6 Mr. Walker . 0.7.6 Mr. Woodroofs .0.5.0 Mr. Langrill .0.5.0 Mr. Elliot .0.2.6 Mr.Allen Jackson, Dublin . 0.5.0.

From the National Library, Dublin, Genealogy Office Teacher note book. Average number of student 54 in 1827 Mary Buckles, Anne Masterson late Mary Rathwell – ordered a tea ticket for good answering Regular visitors Ms. Swan, Braddell, Frith, Chaloner and Rev. Mrs. Moore

Eliza Rickerby could not say Luke and Glenis (must be bible or schoolbook?) Thur. 8, 1827 Feb children noisy today Rain prevented children from coming Jane Lee, Susan Matthew, Jane Nussey(?) Sat 24 Visited by Mrs. Moore Cut Mary Halvey’s hair as untidy

13, 1827 Tuesday, School exam by Ms. Williams, London Ladies Society Mon 14th. Nancy kept several girls in who knew not their lessons Thur 19, March 1827 Catherine Rathwell ticket for food – good answering Thurs 12 Apr 1827 Miss Davies talkative and idle Maria Murphy wrote carelessly Thurs 12, Apr Lucy Gilbert is improving

May 1 Ellen Quinn – inattentive

Sheffield Archives WWM/F79/162 This is not dated, but prior to 1837 as a have a petition asking to move the Court to Shillelagh which was done A List of the several Tenants, against whom Ejectments are intened to be brought for non payment of Rent at the next Quarter Sessions to be held at Baltinglass in July next

Date of Lease} Tinaheley 1765 Chas. Flagherty’s, Exors. (executors) 1801 Robert Codd: Driver 1809 M… Leonar

Date of lease} Carnew 1770 Christ May’s Exors. 1796 John & Wm. Armstrong 1796 William Williams 1801 Joseph Walker 1810 Henry Walsh 1816 John L(?) James

Date of lease} Knocknamacoyle 1781 John Ireland – Exors. 1810 Thos. Conner & Mary Whelan 1819 Isaac Staghan (?) and T. W..

Date of lease} Rathmeage 1810 Thos. Valentine & Mary Bryan

Date of lease} Coollattin (Coollattin) 1793 Pierce(?) Hinkley’s Exors 1811 Matt Keghoe & J. Timmins 1811 Rick? Cates (? my question mark-Bates?) 1810 Bridget Blake 1796 Thos. Foster (Miller)(agents question mark)

1796 William Free

Date of lease} Ballyrhine (Ballyraheen?) 1794 Denis Loughlin’s Exors.

Date of lease} Kilballyowen 1795 John & G. Graham

Date of Lease} Ballynultha 1796 Thos. Cullen & partners or pastures? 1811 John Byrne 1796 Loughlin & partner

Date of Lease} Kilballyowen 1795 John G. Graham

Date of lease} Ardoyne 1796 Matt Murphy 1796 Darby J. (Jack/Jake)

Date of Lease} Coolroe 1796 Peter Tool’s Exors

Date of Lease} Gurteen 1800 Eliz. Grange

Date of Lease} Killaveny 1800 Mick Ward’s Exors

Date of lease} Ballinguile 1801 Bridget Harman & Sons (Harmen) 1801 Edward Harmon’s Exors

Date of Lease} Rosnastraw 1801 Joseph Edith Smith

Date of Lease} Knocknaboley 1805 Thos. Hannan (Hannen)

Date of Lease} Boley 1808 John Gahan 1808 Hugh Baley 1808 John Meaghon

Date of Lease} Tomnaschaley (?) – Kilpipe 1808 David Gilbert

Date of Lease} Minmore 1777 Mary Wilson’s Exors

Date of Lease} Lascoleman 1797 John Smith’s Exors

Date of Lease} Knokeen 1807 Garret Byrne 1807 Edw ? Darcey

Date of Lease} Coolrufs 1784 Thos. James, Extors.

Date of Lease} Torboy 1801 Lawrence Byrne

Date of Lease} Ballyconnell 1803 James Byrne 1803 Arthur & Mich. Burke 1803 Miles Byrne 1803 Owen Byrne 1803 Rich. Kovisnan

Date of Lease} Croneyhorn 1803 Joseph & George Fitzharris

Date of Lease} Mullins 1803 Charles Murphy’s Exors.

Date of Lease} Muskeagh 1805 Jos. Dunn & P (?) Byrne

Date of Lease} Killinure 1809 Owen Doyle 1809 Cath. Kavannah (as spelt) 1809 Thos. McDaniel

Date of Lease} Unrigar 1810 John & J O’Niele

Date of Lease} Ballynulta 1811 Mich. Mulhall’s Exors.

Annette Code note: going by seeing leases and the arrears, these if like other were sometimes many years in arrears before getting to the ejectment for non-payment of rent,

Earl Fitzwilliam was a very forgiving and generous landlord and charged the lowest rents.

William Wainwright a trusted and much loved Estate Agent was replaced by William Haigh from 1813-1825 and he pursued the amalgamating of lands, ejectments for non-payment and started the voluntary emmigrations to North America as a way of making the land pay.

Robert Chaloner, Fitzwilliam brother-in-law replaced Haigh in 1825.

The 4th Earl died in 1833 and his son took charge of the estate.

EXTERNAL LINKS

Historic Wicklow lodge has great potential Article about Coollattin Lodge, a farmhouse on the Fitzwilliam estate.

COUNTY WICKLOW – THE GARDEN OF IRELAND

A History of Wicklow by D. J. Griffiths and transcribed by former Ireland Gen Web County Coordinator

Indeed it is well known that, except in a small district round Dublin, the settlers generally intermarried and became incorporated with the natives, adopting their language, laws, dress, and usage, so as to be quite indistinguishable from them, and becoming “more Irish than the Irish themselves.

A surviving monument to this troubled time is a fragment of tower at Stump House, a mile from Rathdrum. Once Kilcommon Castle, its four towered keep was built in c.1320 by Sir Hugh Lawless, an old Wicklow warrior in his vain attempt to stem the O’Byrne expansion. There is little account of the area after that. Up to the early 16th century, Rathdrum lay ‘Beyond the Pale’ and the O’Byrne Clann left to rule this place as they saw fit, until after they attached a English led force who had camped near the present Avondale, forcing them to flee all the way back to Wicklow Castle. As a result Rathdrum a permanent garrison post.

After this the O’Byrnes were vanquished and the town of Rathdrum confiscated. In 1578 the Coollattin Estates in Wicklow were given to Henry Harrington an adventurer (an investor) in the queen’s (Elizabeth 1st) disposition to hold land for 21 years. She had confiscated it from the O’Brynes, When he died in 1621 the property passed to a Welshman, The vast woodlands of the area offered long term sources of fuel to extract the metal ore and he maintained a business between Wales and Wicklow

In 1605 the area now known as County Wicklow was Shired.

Thomas Wentworth, the 1st Earl of Stratford, who in l630 became Lord Deputy of Ireland and within a period of 7 years acquired 60,000 acres in Co. Wicklow with some of that land coming from Calcott Chambre. Wentworth was executed by Charles Ist, however the property went to his son. In 1643 when Oliver Cromwell came to power the Royalist lands were confiscated and after the monarchy was restored under Charles II the lands reverted back to the Wentworth’s of which the Earl of Stratford. The Coollattin Estate was 85,000 acres covering one-fifth of the county of Wicklow and home to 20,000 tenants.

Hardly had the fog of Elizabethan wars began to settle when these new Landlords began to transform the local landscape. By Herculean labour over a generation or so, a hitherto wild topography of trackless woodland, with wolves (Rathdrum supported a wolf trapper) and scattered cultivation plots was transformed to a discernible modern countryside.

The Goal at Wicklow town was built in 1702

On 15th Aug 1649 Oliver Cromwell landed at Ringsend Dublin, his time in Wicklow was brief but his impact, and the later impact of his armies under the control of Edmund Ludlow was great indeed. William of Orange in 1690 led the army that defeated James and his Irish partisans at the Battle of the Boyne. By 1703, 85% of all the land of Ireland had been confiscated from Catholic ownership and transferred to Protestant possession. Many English Officers were given land, instead of pay. Unlike the Norman settlement there was little assimilation between the new settlers and the old inhabitants. In time the transplanted Anglo-Irish Protestant came more and more to identify with Ireland. By half way through the eighteenth century, a Protestant patriot party arose, to demand greater independence. This lead to the establishment in 1782 of an independent Irish Parliament in Dublin. Effect power however rested with the English. Dublin prospered, but the Catholic peasants of the countryside remained as wretched as ever.

The Coollattin Estate was inherited by the Fitzwilliam family in the 1780s from the Marquis of Rockingham and was considered a liberal landlord, paying higher wages, charging lower rents, tolerating Catholicism and financially supporting education. Day to day running of the estate was done, under his supervision, by Robert Chaloner.

In 1792 the Irish Parliament accepted an Act of Union previously enacted at Westminster and Ireland formally entered the United Kingdom.

By 1844 (a year before the potato famine), general economic conditions in Ireland had deteriorated to the point that the poverty of the Irish living under the British “tenant system” was deplorable and 28% of families in Wicklow county lived in one room mud or stone huts with thatch roofs and uncovered mud floors. To have a fireplace or chimney meant that a home was liable for the “Hearth Money Roll” tax, but most of these people were so poor that they simply lit a fire in the middle of their cabin and the smoke escaped through the thatch or open door. The staple diet of most of the rural Irish was potatoes and buttermilk.

In 1845, the potato blight had hit many areas.

By 1846, the entire potato crop was destroyed and the economy collapsed. The big landlords, like Lord Fitzwilliam, were hit hard and large scale evictions, known as “clearances” of “uneconomic” tenants began to take place from these estates to reduce costs and avoid bankruptcy. The vast majority of landlords simply turned out the tenants to fend for themselves. Fitzwilliam instead offered assisted emigration” to almost 6000 of the “surplus” tenants that he wished to be rid of. The clearance ran from 1847 to 1856 and in that time, 5,995 surplus people sailed to Canada.

The Earl at this time was William Thomas Spencer Wentworth Earl Fitzwilliam. His son Rt Hon. Charles William Wentworth Fitzwilliam, commonly called Viscount Melton only son, heir apparent of said Earl.

A short History of Wicklow Town by Stan O’Reilly

Wicklow town derives its name from the Viking invaders of the ninth century. The original name, ‘Vykinglo’, most likely refers to a meadow or grassland. The old Gaelic name for the town, ‘Chill Mhantain’ dates back to the time of St Patrick. Attempting to land from a boat at Travelahawk beach, Patrick and his followers were given the traditional welcome of the period -the natives stoned the boat from the beach. One of the monks was struck in the mouth and lost his teeth. This monk was christened Mhantain, ‘gubby. or ‘gap-toothed’, and was instructed by Patrick to convert the natives. In the Market Square area of the town he set up his church or ‘Chill’.

Around 1,000 BC, the first settlers in the area lived around the Round Mount along the banks of the local river, the Vartry. They hunted in the deep forests and fished in the sea. The local ruler at the time of St Patrick’s arrival was a pagan chief called Nahi. The Round Mount is also known as Nahi’s mound, and may be his burial site.

It was also in the area of the Round Mount that the Viking invaders first settled, or built their first meeting place. It is possible that the remains of a Viking timber fortification lie under the mound. The invaders intermarried with the natives and founded alliances that would see them eventually assimilated with the natives. The locals at the time of the invaders’ arrival christened their settlement ‘bac n saor’ or the craftsmen’s creek. The second of Scandinavian settlers built their timber fortification to the south of the town, overlooking the Irish Sea. From here the Danes could strike inland to forage and raid as the Norse had done before them.

Another wave of invaders, the Anglo-Normans, arrived in the area around the late 1160s and by 1171 Wicklow was the property of Henry II, which he granted to Strongbow. A stone fortification was built upon the site of the Danes’ fort. This was known to locals as the ‘Black Castle’, due most likely to the dark deeds and bloodletting that took place there. For several hundred years the natives were revolting and waged war upon the castle and its occupants.

In the latter part of the 12th century, the church of St Thomas was constructed close to the site of the Round Mount. An older church, known as The Church of the Vine, was in existence at this site. Buried in the graveyard nearby is Captain Robert Halpin of Great Eastern fame, the man who linked four continents with underwater telegraphic cable. Captain Halpin was born at the Bridge Hotel, Wicklow, an imbibing emporium which dates back to the early 18th century. He laid 26,000 miles of cable. The first transatlantic message linking Newfoundland with County Kerry was ‘All right’.

In the middle of the 13th century, Franciscan monks arrived in Wicklow town and founded the Franciscan Abbey. Local native chiefs the O’Byrnes and the O’Tooles supported the monks. Much of the Abbey still remains today, consisting of the south gable, east side and north end of the chapel. Visitors are allowed to view the remains with the consent of the Parish Priest who lives nearby. The grounds are a favourite spot for newly married couples to be photographed in.

A holy well called Hemp’s Well existed in the Friar’s Hill town-land and was famous for the curing of bowel com- plaints. Another holy well existed at Bride’s Head. It was said that if a maiden drank the waters she would be married within the year. Fishermen in days gone by, living under the sails, took the water from this well on sea voyages, to ensure good luck and a safe passage.

Wicklow is the capital of the county of the same name and has along and eventful maritime history from sea pirates to smugglers with wrecks galore. The port has always been a hive of industrial activity, exporting goods such as iron, stone, timber, slate, and metallic ores by the late 19th century. The natives continued to revolt for several centuries against any attempt to impose authority upon them. Wicklow town was burned and laid waste by the O’Byrnes and the O’Tooles in the early 14th century and in 1370 the O’Byrnes seized the Black Castle. In 1581 the castle was again under siege by Feagh MacHugh O’Byrne. In 1599 some 200 soldiers of the army of Sir Henry Harrington were wiped out outside of Wicklow town. Wicklow became the last county in Ireland to be created in 1606 and was created a borough in 1613.

The natives, however, refused to be pacified and continued to wage war against those who would impose a foreign authority upon them. A great rebellion began in 1641 that would pitch Old English settlers and native Irish against the anti-royalist puritans. Rebel commander Luke O’Toole attacked the Black Castle in 1641 in an attempt to seize a supply ship. He managed to kill the castle guards and lay waste to most of the castle. This was the catalyst for a massacre of townspeople seeking sanctuary in a church in the area now known as Melancholy Lane. Royalist force commander Sir Charles Coote marched into Wicklow to deal with O’Toole forces. They had however withdrawn. At the local church Fr. Byrne and his congregation died in flames set by Coote’s troops or were cut down trying to flee the flames.

In 1645, the Black Castle once again became the target of an assault which would see Reverend Edmund O’Reilly and one Duff Beirne on trial for murder. By the time of his trial O’Reilly was the Vicar-General for the diocese of Dublin. He was not only accused of setting the castle on fire and burning those inside to death, but of returning nine months later to completely tear down the castle. Duff Beirne was found guilty of murder and O’Reilly of being an accessory in the deed. Part of the Black Castle was restored and a constable was recorded as living there years later. After 21 months in gaol, O’Reilly was banished from the country. He returned to Ireland in 1666 and was banished a second time, dying in Brittany in 1669.

Peaceful years followed the end of the rebellion and in 1689 the town was granted a new charter by James II. A stone bridge was constructed across the Vartry river so local farmers could graze their stock on the Murrough, which forms part of the natural lagoon at Wicklow. A new Town Hall was built and the local ducking stool repaired for the convenience of local ne’er-do-wells. The 18th century would see the joining of two large estates with the marriage of Lord Fitzwilliam and Anne Watson-Wentworth in June 1744.

This was the era of highwaymen, footpads, smugglers and wreckers. Many of them used to be ‘guests’ in residence at Wicklow Gaol, which was constructed in the early years of the 2Oth century and escape attempts were commonplace. In one instance, the roof of nearby Wicklow courthouse was set on fire during a trial but the attempt was foiled. Dueling in Wicklow was as common as elsewhere. In 1797 the young Earl of Meath was fatally wounded by Robert Gore, who was acquitted of murder at Wicklow court- house.

Conditions in Wicklow Gaol were horrendous, with children, lunatics, rapists and mothers with babes-in-arms sharing the one room. A very poor diet was afforded to prisoners who could, however, purchase small luxuries from the gaoler at inflated prices. Prisoners would also have to present the head gaoler with a financial token of appreciation before they were released. Disease was commonplace. Prisoners were branded as a punishment, while others were condemned to transportation for life or seven years, or to meet a grisly fate embraced by the hangman’s noose.

One of the most famous prisoners of Wicklow Gaol was William ‘Billy’ Byrne of Ballymanus, the noted rebel leader of 1798. Many United Irishmen met their fate at the end of a noose within the gaol, their heads struck from their bodies and the remains tossed overboard a local fishing boat into Wicklow Bay. The heads were left in the gaol for a half-tame hawk to feed upon. Billy Byrne, youngest son of a local Catholic landowner, was found guilty of being a rebel in arms and was executed at Gallows Lane at Friar’s Hill, used mainly to dispatch villains, rapists, and vagrants.

Other famous prisoners of Wicklow Gaol include the founder of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen, Napper Tandy, and Erskene Childers, author of The Riddle of the Sands and father of a future Irish president. Another victim of the 1798 period was Fr Andrew O’Toole, Parish Priest of Wicklow, who, it is claimed, was murdered by members of the Wicklow Yeomanry Corps. Local rebels also waged a war of attrition against the local loyalists with many gruesome murders taking place. Elsewhere in the county the Wicklow Militia were engaged in the pacification of rebels and would-be rebels. In this conflict many innocents suffered. The noted half-hangman Hempenstall, better known as the Walking Gallows, was a member of this regiment. Ensign Bell of the Wicklow Militia is still remembered in Multyfarnham, Co Westmeath, for his brutality.

Some 10,000-odd souls would parish in the famine years in Co. Wicklow, a figure comparable with that of Co. Longford. Times were hard in the 19th century,

Church of Ireland in Wicklow

was constructed in 1844 by subscription. Locals would spend a weekend on the road with horse and cart, bringing a single granite stone from west Wicklow back to the building site.

The years after the famine saw the development of Wicklow harbour, creating much-needed jobs.

Horse races were held on the Murrough and at times, ‘due to the absence of police’ no fighting took place.

From 1850 to 1860 an industrial school was built,

the RNLI arrived,

The Wicklow People was in print.

In 1870 the Dominican Convent was opened for local school children.

A new railway station was established in 1885,

the famous Wicklow Regatta, which still takes place in late July-early August, was seven years old at this time.

In 1899 Wicklow Urban District Council was established.

The past is still on view -Wicklow Historical Society’s journal continues to delve into the county’s rich heritage and the gaol is now an interpretive centre and genealogical office. Our Thanks to Stan O’Reilly and Wicklow Historical Society for permission to publish this article.

In the early 1970s, the Fitzwilliam family sold the little that remained of the estate and donated the estate papers to the National Library in Dublin.

Times Past: The Workhouses of Wicklow

Few today, can even begin to imagine what life in Ireland was like for the poorer classes at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. The homes, or rather hovels, that they lived in would not now be considered fit for pigs. They consisted mostly of one room, if it could be called that, in most cases with a heap of straw for the family to sleep on, with the lucky ones having a table of sorts and the smoke from the fire escaping through a hole in the roof in most cases. So desperate did the position become that even those in power realised that if something was not done and done quickly, hundreds of people were going to die of hunger and want of clothing as the cold winter winds bit into only partly covered bodies.

This was long before ‘Black 47’ and we can only imagine what conditions were at the depth of the famine. Parts of England were little better during those years and the powers that be had come up with the solution that it would be better to build or take over big unused houses to put the really needy in. It was following this system that the idea of building Workhouses in Ireland came into being.

The Act establishing the Workhouses in Ireland came into effect in 1838. Its aim was to provide relief for the poverty stricken in the country, at the time estimated at two million. The country was devised into Unions (hence the name given to the houses in some areas of The Union). These Unions were composed of electoral divisions and were governed by a Board of Guardians, consisting of two thirds elected and one third ex offico members. Each Union was made responsible for the relief of its poor in their own areas. Workhouses were established in every Union area, supported by the levying of a poor rate which depended on the number of poor in any given area. Assistance was also provided to people wishing to emigrate which many were encouraged to do.

Today we call Wicklow the ‘Garden of Ireland’ and there is no doubt but there are fewer counties in Ireland that can boast such wild picturesque scenery or tell so many stories of the ancient past of our country. Sadly that was not always so, and the people of Wicklow suffered as much and sometimes more than their fellow countrymen. To cope with the situation Wicklow was divided into five Poor Law areas each with a Workhouse or Union. The five areas were Rathdrum, Baltinglass, Shillelagh, Naas and Rathdown. The following was the date of Opening, Cost and Inmate Capacity of the Workhouses. Workhouse Opened Cost Inmate Capacity Rathdrum March 8 1842 £8,363 600 Baltinglass Oct 28 1842 £7,848 500 Shillelagh Feb 18 1842£7,394 400 Naas Aug 4 1841 550 Rathdown Oct 12 1841 £9,683 600

While all the Workhouses served a certain amount of electoral areas we will have a look at the one nearest to us, the Shillelagh Union. Originally to be the Tinahely Union the Shillelagh Union has always caused speculation as to its position.

Originally intended as the ‘Tinahely Union’ the Shillelagh Union encourages speculation, as it was not based on a town such as Carnew or Tinahely, but was situated in the centre of Lord Fitzwilliam’s Wicklow estate. The Union area included south-west Wicklow and East Carlow. Established on the 20th July 1839, fifteen of its nineteen electoral divisions (Tinahely, Carnew, Ballingate, Kilballyowen, Cronolea, Shillelagh, Coollattin , Coolboy, Ballybeg, Ballinglen, Killinure, Kilpipe, Coolballintaggart, Munny and Aghowle) were in Wicklow with the other four in Carlow. Sited on six acres of land at a rent of £8 pa the poorhouse on the outskirts of Shillelagh village was planned for 400 inmates. George Wilkinson, who had designed some Welsh poor-houses was employed to design the Irish institutions. The main design of all the houses was the same except that it varied in size. The buildings consisted of three horizontal blocks, the admission buildings, containing offices some wards and boardroom, the main building with dormitories, school and some officers accommodation, the third building contained the infirmary and lunatic wards. The dining hall, which was also used as a chapel, connected the main building with the infirmary. Kitchens and washrooms were in an annex behind the main workhouse. The whole complex was divided into male and female compartments and surrounded by high walls. The contractors who built the Workhouses were condemned for their poor workmanship and the using of cheap and bad material.

The criteria for admission to a workhouse was destitution as a result of old age, illness or handicap or because the applicants were children with no one to care for them. Those destitute through unemployment, which in places could mean 80% of the population of an area. Women with illegitimate children in Shillelagh Workhouse on January 1st, 1854 was 23. The pre-Famine diet in the Wicklow workhouses was made up of potatoes, oatmeal stirabou, brown bread, milk and buttermilk. During the famine the potatoes were replaced with Indian meal. Although listed for 400 inmates Shillelagh workhouse had 664 including workers in 1852-53. Outbreaks of Dysentery, Diarrhoea, Fever, Typhus, Scurvy and Measles followed by Smallpox were the diseases that swept through the poor-houses from time to time.

Emigration took its toll on the people of Wicklow as it did on other counties. Between April 1851 and 1852 hundreds of people left the Shillelagh area under the Fitzwilliam scheme, 60 of those to go came from the Shillelagh poor-house and travelled to Quebec, Canada.

The administration of the poor law system in Wicklow was no different to other counties in Ireland, it was flawed from the word go. Bribery, corruption and trickery were the order and it was the poorest of the poor who suffered. Still the Workhouses had served a purpose and they remained the last refuge of the poor in the post famine period and after the dissolution of that system in 1923.

The 1641 REBELLION

During the rebellion of 1641 the castle became, probably not for the first time in its history, an embattled fortress. For twenty two weeks, Chambre and about 160 English settlers were besieged by an Irish force of around 1,000 led by the Mastersons, Byrnes and Donal Kavanagh of Ballingate. During the siege the settlers were compelled to feed on carcasses which ‘had long lain in lime pits’. The town’s mediaeval church was destroyed when the rebels ‘pulled down ye pulpits, burned ye seats and defaced and demolished the church of Carnowe’.

When surrender finally came some of the besieged were hanged, some were detained for service while the largest number, including Chambre, were accompanied by a convoy to Dublin in order that they could return to England.

The castle was held by the Knockloe O’Byrnes until 1649, when it was taken by Sir Richard Talbot.. Two years later the castle took a pounding from Cromwell’s Roundheads under the command of Colonel Hewson during the course of which the roof was destroyed.. In 1655 an edict was issued ordering all those’ inhabitants Carne, Coollattin and Clohamon who had not shown good affection’ to be banished and their property shared amongst the Adventurers. The old castle, so central to the town’s history, was to lie in ruins for 147 years. In May 1798 the castle, or rather its underground dungeon would once again enter the vortex of Irish rebellion politics.

PROTESTANT COLONISATION

The Protestant colony implanted in the second half of the 17th century was assigned lands on a townland basis by the religious zealot William Wentworth Watson. Symbolically, colonial families such as the Symes were given, to bring with them to Ireland, a bible, a portrait of Wentworth’s wife and a packet of seeds. Part of the terms of their lease was that they would build on their holding substantial farm buildings. Thus emerged holdings such as Croneyhorn (Hodginson), Tomacork (Joseph Nickson), Tombreane (Daniel Paine), Rath (Swan), Umrigar (Rev Newton) and Ballingate (Braddell).

The colonisation coincided with the era when the exploitation of the great oak forest of Shillelagh was at its peak. Thus, it is not surprising that many of the new breed were entrepreneurial speculators or skilled craftsmen who received land in part payment for their knowledge and expertise. Skilled specialists such as bellows makers, founders, finers and hammer men, who worked in the ironworks of Shillelagh, Minmore and Carnew, received only half the going English wage and received land grants in lieu of the other half. These ironworks used vast quantities of oak for the manufacture of charcoal. This was used for smelting the iron ore which was shipped from Bristol. Typical of those who amassed their wealth from the iron industry were the Bacons of Ballyrahan who operated the ironworks at Ballard. In 1692 this family purchased no less than 380,000 cubic feet of oak from Abraham Nickson of Tomacork for use in smelting.

In addition huge quantities of Shillelagh oak were exported for the manufacture of pipe staves, for the construction of ships for the royal navy and as a building material. The roofs of many famous buildings such as Westminister Hall and Trinity College, Dublin, have roof timbers converted from the great Shillelagh oaks.

The new settlers were not all industrialists and speculators. Some of them considered their mission to be the harvesting of souls rather than the harvesting of oak trees. The Symes family, in addition to their great interest in arboriculture and agricultural improvement, provided a long line of TCD educated clerics, most of who are buried in Kilcommon churchyard. Also in this category we find the Newtons of Umrigar and the Nicksons of Tomacork, The latter, in spite of all of their wheeling and dealing in oak found the time to build, during the 1730’s, a new Protestant church in Carnew.

1798 REBELLION

Given the divisions of class and creed, Carnew was always destined to be a flashpoint in the rebellion of 1798. On the night of March 12th 1798, John Sherwood’s farm in Tomacork (the Barracks) was attacked and burned. Built in 1710, it was one of the finest houses in the county and was the ancestral home of the Nicksons, who had contributed so much to the development of the colonial town of Carnew. Sherwood, who owned property throughout the county, was a leading light in the Orange Order. He lost not only the house, but also, all of the outbuildings, seven horses and twenty black cattle.

On May 26th, just days after the commencement of the rebellion, Carnew’s garrison force, the Antrim Militia under Captain Robert Rowan, Captain Wainwright’s Shillelagh Cavalry and local yeomen attacked a rebel camp on Kilthomas Hill. As many as 100 homes were burned and up to 150, mainly from the Kiltilly area, were shot by the government forces. Four or five prisoners were taken and on the following day these together with three or four others were shot in Carnew. These executions were superseded on June 1st, when 41 out of the 61 prisoners held in the castle dungeon were taken out and shot. Eighteen out of the forty one were married men.

On June 4th the government forces evacuated the town and four days later the town was attacked and burned. Buildings spared included the malt house of the liberal Robert Blayney and the widow Leonard’s warehouse which had supplied the rebels with provisions. Later reports that up to 260 houses and shops had been burned are exaggerated. According to the Coollattin rental books the town had in 1797 ’14 houses, 2 cabins, several tenements, a church, school, inn and mill’.

On June 30th rebel forces inflicted a heavy defeat on British cavalry at the Balyellis ambush. Crown losses numbered 49 but many more were to die as a result of injuries sustained in the battle. Casualties included 25 of the infamous regiment of Ancient Britons. Following the battle Carnew was once again attacked. The loyalists, under the command of Captain Thomas Swan of Tombreane barricaded themselves in Blayney’s malt house (now David Quinn’s). The rebels failed in their efforts to either dislodge them or to set the building on fire. They withdrew, having incurred 19 casualties in their efforts to do so.

In August 1798, Carnew’s most infamous daughter, Bridget ‘Croppy Biddy’ Dolan returned to the town of her birth, having spent three months as a camp follower with the rebels. Bid’s father was a thatcher who spent much of his time away from home. From her experience riding tinkers’ asses and horses in a local forge which she frequented she became an accomplished horse rider at a very young age. As a paid informer she helped to convict many of her former associates and relatives. In 1801 her reputation became so tarnished that her services were deemed to be a liability. Her most notable victim was Billy Byrne of Ballymanus who was hanged in Wicklow Jail in September 1799. On Bid’s evidence, at least nine Carnew men were transported to New South Wales on board Atlas 11 in 1802. In later life Bid became an unmarried mother. She was compelled to eke out a living from the poor box in the town’s Protestant Church. She kept two bulldogs for her protection and was stoned by the boys of the town every time she appeared in public. She died, aged 50, on October 29th, 1827, and is the only member of her family to be interred in Carnew churchyard.

Coollattin, as like other demesnes throughout the country did suffer from another destructive force of the early twentieth century. The War of Independence claimed the Fitzwilliam’s agent Frank Brooke, who was assassinated in Westland row in Dublin on the 30t July 1920.

The Agent Frank Brooke, Assassinated in 1920 From The Wicklow Newsletter July 1909

THE BATTLE OF BALLYRAHEEN

The Battle of Ballyraheen was fought on 1-2 July 1798. Joseph Halpenny andWilliam Halpenny were piked to death on that date, though apparently not at Ballyraheen but at Coolkenno. Researchers looking for Halpenny deaths at the Battle of Vinegar Hill need to be looking for death dates of about 21 June 1798. The deaths on 2 July would be associated with the Battle of Ballyraheen. Thomas Astleford, was one of the Coolkenno protestants who fled from Ballyraheen because they were being hotly pursued by Catholic rebels carrying pikes. Thomas and his cousin (Leybourne) barely escaped death while retreating home, My bet would be that Joseph and William Halpenny were also in retreat from Ballyraheen but were caught and piked within Coolkenno town land.

Extract from Art Kavanagh’s book titled “Ireland 1798: The Battles” pages248-250

The Battle of Ballyraheen 2nd. July 1798

According to Musgrave this battle was fought on the 2nd. of July, but Miles Byrne states that the date was July 1st. Other authorities agree with Musgrave that the date of the battle was Monday 2nd. July.

On their retreat to Kilcavan hill the rebels burned the new house of John Jervis White (because it was slated and a possible defensive post for the Government forces). It would appear that they only stayed on Kilcavan until the 30th and then decided to move to Ballyraheen hill near Shillelagh, where they encamped for that night. It would appear that some of the Wicklow men left the rebel army that night and made their way to Whelp Rock. This group included Joseph Holt. Wicklow History & Society – editors Ken Hannigan & w. Nolan page 382]

Early the next morning the Government forces who had been tracking the movements of the main rebel army decided to attack them. This small force consisted of only about one hundred and twenty yeomen composed of the Wingfield and Shillelagh cavalry units and the Coollattin, Coolkenno and Tinahely infantry units. The commanders of these units ‘were Captain Morton of Tinahely, Captain Chamney of Coollattin and Captain Nixon of Coolkenno.

The rebel force on the hill must have numbered between two and three thousand and they were commanded by their vastly experienced leaders such as Garret Byrne, Anthony Perry, Edward Fitzgerald and Esmonde Kyan. They saw the yeomen advancing up the hill and units were deployed to meet them, consisting of gunmen and pikemen. The hill was steep and there were plenty of ditches behind which the defenders were able to take cover and pick off the advancing yeomen.

According to Miles Byme the rebels carried all before them with ‘unexampled impetuosity and bravery’ so that in less than an hour the enemy were forced to run away to make their escape. The surviving cavalry had no difficulty in getting away but the infantrymen had to take refuge in Chamney’s house at the foot of Ballyraheen hill. They left their dead and wounded on the field of battle. Miles Byrne stated that some hundreds of the enemy were killed or wounded while Musgrave says that Captains Chamney and Nixon were killed, and seventeen privates while a ‘great number’ were wounded.

The fleeing infantrymen who had taken refuge in Chamney’s house, were commanded by Lieutenant Chamney and they stoutly defended the house against a determined, sustained assault. As in previous attacks on strong houses the rebels tried to get close by sheltering under feather beds and cart loads of straw, but the bullets easily pierced that clumsy armour. Although they had very few casualties on Ballyraheen hill, quite a number of the rebels died attacking the house.

As reports began to come in of enemy forces moving in their direction, the rebels called off the attack and marched towards the Wicklow Gap, where they halted for a while. En route they burned any slated houses they could see undefended. They pushed on to the White Heaps – an elevated plateau near Coolgraney on the Wicklow/Wexford border, where they encamped on the 2nd. July.

Extract from Sir Richard Musgrave’s Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 pp483-485

The BATTLES OF BALLYELLIS AND BALLYRAHEENE

As that column still continued to infest the country contiguous to Gorey general Needham, on the morning of the thirtieth of June, sent Hunter Gowan, captain of the Tinahely cavalry, with a part of his corps, to reconnoitre near Moneyseed. From a hill near that town, about three o’clock in the morning, he perceived the rebels in a hollow under him in very great force, having received great reinforcements since their flight from Vinegar-hill. He sent intelligence of it to general Needham, who ordered colonel Puleston, of the Ancient Britons,to join him immediately with detachments from his own regiment, the 4th and 5th dragoons, the Ballaghkeene, Gorey and Wingfield yeomen cavalry. The latter, before the reinforcement arrived, killed eight or ten scattered rebels, and among them one Brien, who the day before went to general Needham, pretended to return to his allegiance, surrendered a pike, and in consequence of it obtained a protection; but on that day he was armed with a musket.

The rebels advanced to Tinahely,and having turned off to Wingfield, burned the old mansion there, and then proceeded to Moneyseed, where our troops first got sight of them. From thence they pursued them for two miles, to a place called Ballyellis, where the rebels, being closely pressed, placed their baggage and their cars in the road, and posted a number of pikemen in their front. As soon as our cavalry came in sight of them, at the turn of a road, they charged them with great impetuosity; but when they were within a short distance of them, the pikemen leaped over the hedges at each side, on which the horses in front were entangled in the cars; and those in their rear pressing on them, a shocking scene of confusion ensued; both men and horses were involved and tumbled over each other: The rebels fired on them from behind the hedges and a park wall which was near, and while they were in this state of embarrassment, killed numbers of them with their muskets, and piked such of them as happened to be unhorsed.

Colonel Puleston, whose horse they shot or piked, was with difficulty saved by his men. Captain Giffard, of the Ancient Britons, and Mr .Parsons, adjutant of the Ballaghkeene cavalry, who had served with reputation abroad, and about sixty privates of the military and yeomen, were killed.

The design of the rebels was to surprise the town of Carnew, which was about a mile distant, to have killed fifty yeomen, who garrisoned it, and to have burnt the few houses which they had not destroyed before; but the garrison having been apprised of their design by some of the cavalry in their retreat, took post in a malt-house, and defended the town so well, that the rebels, unable to pass through it, retired to Ballyellis, and in their retreat burnt a fine new house of sir John Jervis White. They then took post on Kilcavan-hill, near Moneyseed, and to the north west of Gorey, where the Wexford rebels separated from those of the county of Wicklow, who were commanded by Garret Byrne of Ballymanus; for, soon after the battle of Vinegar-hill, they had united and co-operated. This separation was occasioned by a dispute between their leaders. They repaired from Kilcavan, where they remained but an hour, to Ballyraheene- hill, which lies between Carnew and Tinahely.

In their progress they killed twelve protestants, among whom was a farmer of the name of Driver, and burned some houses. They were pursued by detachments of the Wingfield and Shillelah cavalry, the Tinahely infantry commanded by captain Morton, the Coolatin by captain Chamney, and the Coolkenna by captain Nixon, the whole making about one hundred and twenty. They endeavoured to gain the hill of Ballyraheene, which was high and steep, before the rebels, but could not succeed. However, though they were posted on an eminence, and behind hedges, and notwithstanding their great superiority of numbers, the brave and loyal yeomanry, with a degree of valour bordering on rashness, attacked and engaged them for three quarters of an hour; but were at last obliged to retreat, as the rebels were endeavouring to surround them. Captains Chamney and Nixon, and seventeen privates, were killed, and many were wounded. Though Garret Byrne had been the particular friend of captain Chamney, he ordered his house, which was within a quarter of a mile of the action, to be burnt; but lieutenant Chamney having taken post in it with forty yeomen, defended it all night against the whole host of rebels, of whom they killed great numbers. One of them was shot in endeavouring to set fire to the hall door, bearing a feather bed on his back for his defence. This engagement took place the second of July, two miles from Tinahely, and four from Carnew.

Garret and William Byrne of Ballymanus, who headed the banditti, which committed these outrages and barbarities, piqued themselves on the antiquity of their family. Garret, the eldest brother, had an estate, and was reputed a gentleman, from his birth, property and education. Edward Fitzgerald also was a man of independent fortune, and had received a good education.

On the second of July, killed at the battle of Ballyraheene, captain Chamney, his nephew Joseph Olamney of Ballyrahin, captain Nixon of Nurney, James Twamley of Nurney, Christopher Twamley of Nurney, Michael Leonard of Nurney and James Bardon of Nurney in the parish of Coolakenny; all protestants.

Taken from Coolkenno town the same day and piked, in cold blood, George Davison, Joseph and William Halfpenny, Thomas Charlton, and also William Mires of Crownalay.

The same day William Watters and John Restly of Coolatin, parish of Carnew, were piked. The same day George Driver, William Rice and Annesley Green of Tinahely, parish of Kilcomen, were piked; all protestants.

The same day, James Smith, and John Waters of Cross Patrick, were piked.

John Waddock, a papist, was taken out of his bed and murdered, for having seized a rebel with a pistol in his hand, returning from the battle of Newtown-mount-kennedy.

John Beaghan was murdered in cold blood, parish of Tomriland. Mr. Robert Freeman, sen. was murdered in cold blood, parish of Tomriland. John Burbridge was murdered in cold blood, parish of Tomriland. Henry Marks was murdered in cold blood, parish of Tomriland. John Mason was murdered in cold blood, of Raheen. John Langrel was murdered in cold blood, of Cappagh. Samuel Langrel was murdered in cold blood, parish of Ballynabarny. William Carter was murdered in cold blood.

If one looks at the Record Books for Ferns Co Wexford Anglican Church from that time one will find the names of all of the Protestant men who were deliberetly killed, some 50 names are recorded.

19TH CENTURY REBUILDING

The early decades of the 19th century brought a welter of building and rebuilding activity on the part of Coollattin Estate. Plans to develop an estate town in Coollattin were abandoned and the available monies diverted to rebuilding the towns of Carnew and Tinahely In addition to the rebuilding of Main Street, twelve impressive houses were built in Pavey’s Garden (now School Height) and named Brunswick Row A row of fiteen more humble dwellings was built on Coollattin Road. Tenants undertaking private building development were fifty per cent funded by the estate.

A major undertaking was the reconstruction of Carnew castle which, apart from is use as a guardhouse, had lain derelict for one and a half centuries. It was re-roofed, its windows widened and generally togged out as a Georgian pile for the Revd. Ponsonby who arrived as rector in 1813. Ponsonby did not last long in the castle. He was a brother in law of Earl Fitzwilliam, was upwardly mobile, had connections in the right places, and was soon to become Bishop of Derry

WEXFORD – HISTORY AND SOCIETY ed. by Kevin Whelan 1987 located on Cantwell Memorial CD. page 427 (Period 1817)

“By October word of the Ellys’ activities had reached Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, for Isaac Saul Jr. of that place wrote to the Colonial Office seeking information on behalf of many respectable families in and about the town who asked him what he knew about ‘the encouragement’: ‘they tell me that there is a Person taking down such Families Names as wish to Emigrat (sic) in Carnew a small town about 20 miles from this, but that they do not know his Name also I would of written to him to know the truth and not to have troubled Your Lordship’. Bathurst’s reply was more positive than the response to the Rev. Mr. Vaughan had received, for it stated that encouragement was not being offered at the moment mereley because the season was too far advanced. However, the Colonial Secretary informed Saul that any person taking down names was altogether unauthorised by the government.

On p. 426 a note on the ELLYS (of New Ross) (Ellis / Elly ?)

The Ellys were brothers of a Quaker merchant who imported timber and staves from Quebec. Samuel Elly Jr. commonly shipped out passengers in the vessels he chartered to bring timber to Ireland, so it was natural for the residents of Wexford to seek advice and information from his family.

Memorials were a common form of petition to the authorities during the 19th century. This memorial, containing the names and addresses of 1500 people from south west County Wicklow, sought a change in the location of the Quarter sessions town from Baltinglass in the west to Tinahely in the south of the county in 1837.

The date of the memorial is intermediate between the Tithe Applotment Books and the primary valuation Survey (Griffith’s Valuation) and covers an area which includes the vast Coollattin Estates of the Earl of Fitzwilliam which witnessed large scale assisted emigration between 1847 and 1856.

The following is an extract showing the names on the Coollattin Estate but not the surrounding lands owned by Earl Fitzwilliam. He had six estates in Ireland under the company name of Coollattin Estates. All the surrounding areas were in the estates too but not mentioned here. I will do look ups in this document if anyone wants to contact me at codeannette@shaw.ca I have already typed out the Byrne names – 3 pages from this book, but it would be too onerous a task to do all.

John Astlefoot?; William Black; John Byrne; James Byrne; Hoyle Byrne; James Byrne; John Carre; Laur. Cummins; richard Cummins; Patrick Kehoe; Danl. Kenny; Samual A. Lawerenson; Patrick Murray; William Nowlan; William Rickerby; William Robinson; Charles Smyth; Robert Chaloner IPDL (Coollattin Park)

COOLLATTIN ESTATE TENANTS-EARL FITZWILLIAM

SHELELAGH, MARCH 1817-1818 (Sheffield Archives WWM/A/906

Joseph Coates leasor – under-tenants as listed:

Connors, Mich. exe

Cundell, William

Gibbens, James, ece

Heatherington, George

Hughes, Lawrence

Kerrivan, James & Vellary Hughes

McCabe, Patrick

Maquire, John

Mara, William

Nowlan, Charles

Saunders, John

Spencer, Th

COOLLATTIN ESTATE-ASSISTED EMIGRATION 1842-1843 by AnnetteCode

SHEFFIELD ARCHIVES WWM/A/930

April 18, 1842

(241) John Toban, 2 Pounds

(242) Thomas Murphy,Carnew father, wife, children,10 Pounds

(243) W. Haskins, Knockadomcoyle to pay passage for

James Bailey, wife and child, 5 Pound

(244) Patrick Byrne, Ballard, Qu. 5 Pound

(245) John Hopkins, Kilquiggan, 2 Pound

(246) James Bartley for a coat to America, 2 Pound, 10 shillings

(247) Mr or M Pearsons expenses to Dublin to arrange with Nr. Miley about a ship 4 Pounds 3 shillings

(248) Robert Ireton 30 Pounds (?) then 4 Pounds

(249) Jno. McDaniel to Quebec, 4 Pound 5 shillings

(250) several sums to different familes as per list 89 Pounds, 15 shillings

(251) Mr. Pearsons expenses, 3 Pound 6 shillings

May 10, 1842

(252) Mr.Miley passage money for emmigrants,7 Pound 10 shillings

May 13

(253) Robert Ireton, balance of 30 Pounds for leaving his holding at Park, 26 Pounds

(254) Pat Neal & 7 sisters and brothers, giving up farm at Kilpipe, 40 Pound

(255) Michael Fleming take Widow Cummerford to Dublin 1 Pound

June 6

(256) John Bartley and family of 9 + 20 shillings pay carman William Blake, 9 Pound

(257) Alice Murphy, Coolkenno and family to buy provisions 3 Pounds 19 shillings

(258) Thomas Hughes, Coolkenno, 1 Pound

(259) Lucy Brougham & family, provisions 1 Pound

(260) Thomas Balfe and family, provisions 1 Pound

(261) Mr. Pearson’s expenses, 1 Pound, 19 shillings 4 pence

June 16

(262) James Jones for Matthew Brown to give up land 9 Pound

August 8

(263) Edward Kavanagh balance to be paid to Batty,K. for fathers crop at Tomnifinogue, it being stopped in consequence of Edwd claiming part

Dec 22

(264) Mr. Miley passage of 312 persons emigrating last spring, 350 Pounds

March 25, 1843

(265) balance on account for 188 Adults, 64 children under 14 and 60 under 7 and also 5 shillings a head for fund money to convoy destitute up the country for work, 193 Pounds, 5 shillings and 10 pence

COOLLATTIN ESTATE Assisted Emmigration 181839-1841 AnnetteCode Posted: 17 Jun 2008 6:40PM

SHEFFIELD ARCHIVES WWM/A/928

April 8, 1840

(257) Betty Sheane, 2 Pound 2 shillings

April 8, 1840

(258) Thomas Donaghue, Killinure, 2 Pounds

(259) Margt Hyde 2 Pound

May 21

(260) William Cullen for support of 30 emigrants in Dublin for 1 day 2 Pound 10 shillings

May 26

(26l) Jane Ramsay, Monaghullen to Dublin 1 Pound

(262) Robert Smith, Park for Robert Collier of Aghowle, wife & 7 children 50 Pounds

(263)Mary Doran, 1 Pound

(264) Ellen Doyle, Ballinulta, 1 Pound

June 1

(265) Thomas Codd (family?) 5 Pounds

(266) Thomas Carton 1 Pound

(267) John Carey to buy clothes, 3 Pound 10 shilling

June 8

(268)James Keoghoe for taking John Carey and family to Dublin 1 Pound

June 16 (260) sundry for expenses to Dublin to emigrate to America 9 Pound 18 and 6 pence (America being North America being Canada at that time)

Aug 20 (270) Mary D____ 9 Pound, 10 shillings

Sept 9 (271) Mssr. Henry & William Scott 153 Pounds, 8 shillings, and 6 pence

Sept 15 (272) Catherine Doyle, Tinehaley, with friends, 1Pound, 10 shillings, 6 pence

Jan 2 (272) Elizabeth Doyle, 1 pound, 10 sillings, six pense

Jan 11 (274) Robert Collier, Coolroe for taking Mrs. Osbourne of Coolfaney and family last summer 1 pound, 5 shillings and six pence

Mar 25 (275) James Jackson,m Coolkenno for passage money for 67 persons as per particulars and receipt, 113 Pound, 5 shillings and six pense

(276) Henry and William Sctt to Quebec & N.Y. 222 Pounds, 9 shillings and 6 pence

SHEFFIELD ARCHIVES WWM/A/926

(186) July 18 Paid Mr. Demsey to give to Michael Bolan to enable he, wife and 3 kids to emigate, 10 Pounds

(187) March 25, 1839 Eliza Taylor, Celia Smith, Mary Osbourne & Eleanor Walker, expenses to Dublin to America 1Pound, 17 shilling 6 pence

(188) Dec 24, 1838 by cash from Mr. Demsey for Bolan of Tubberlonagh, who got to Dublin and declined going 10 Pound

WWM/A/927

Emigration cost 48 Pound 14 shillings 6 pence

May 18, 1839

(194) Mary Byrne, 4 pound 14 shillings & 6 pence

(195) Sarah Dowling, 4 pound, 10 shillings

(196) Judith Byrne, 4 pound, 10 shillings

August

(197) Mary and Biddy Byrne 4 Pound, 10 shillings

Oct 18 (198) Cathe’ Pavey emigrated to join friends 4 Pound

March 25 (199) W. Demsey to page passage of Ellen Walker and three others, Smith, Osborne and Byrne 23 Pounds

(200) Paid Mrss. Scott for Langrell of Moyne 4 Pound

WWM/A/925 Sheffield Archives (some copies of account books at National Library, Dublin)

It is noted there are 9 pages of widows pensions paid out to about 584 widows in this ledger/account book. Even at this period in time when his Estate Manager William Haigh was trying to amalgamate small holdings back into large ones Earl Fitzwilliam was still a benevolant landlord.

March, 1836-March, 1837

June 17, 1837 Pryce, James & Adams for Vessel 1st.July 2 pounds x 3

July 6, Lawrence Byrne of Quigginroe, 10 persons, 1 Pound 10 shillings

July 21 (211) John Cooke 10 persons 15 pounds

all same date

(212) Robert Adams, wife and mother

(213) John Pryce and family, 6 persons 5 pound 5 shillings

(214) Thomas Wall, 5 persons, 9 pound

(214) Thomas Wall, — – 7 pound, 15 shillings

(215) Edw Wall, five persons, 7 pound 15 shillings

(216) Moses Doyle, 8 persons, 12 Pound

(217) Denis Byrne, 5 persons, 9 Pound

(219) Pat Toole, 4 persons, 7 pound

(220)James Meagher, 4 persons, 7 pound

(221) James Dowling, 4 persons, 7 pound

(222) Nathaniel James, 8 persons, 11 pound 5 shillings

(223) Patrick Hennessey, 1 person, 2 Pound

(224) Henry Chamley, brother and family,3 Pound 15 shillings

(225) John Sheppard, Mills & Nowlan, 4 Pounds

(226) Michael Tracy, 6 persons, 7 Pound

(227) James Rooney, 6 persons, 7 Pound

(228) Margt. Dowling & Michael Collers(sp)2 Pound

(229) William Carr, Killinure, 4 Pound

(230) Pat Kavanagh, Ballyconnell, 5 persons, 3 Pound

Michl Neal, 5 persons. 7 pounds

(231) Nov. 27 1837 received cash from Mrss. Scott from those who refused to go after passage paid 23 persons 22 Pound 11 shillings

WWM/A/924 from Sheffield Archives Wentworth Fitzwilliam Collattin account books dated 25 March, 1835 to 1836:

Date of entry, name of recipient and no. of family members, amount of assistance in English Pounds

1836

April 18 (26l) Patrick Doyle 1 pound

May 6 (262) Elizabeth Kelly 2 pound

May 14 (263) Pat Healey & family 9 persons, 25 pounds

June 23 (264) Mary Mills 1 pound

(265)Patrick Kavanagh 9 persons,8 Pounds,9 shillings

(266) Thomas Murphy, Killinure,9 persons; 8 pounds 5 shill

(267) Patrick Kerrivan,Coolkenno, 7 persons, 9 pounds

(268) Edward Hinch, Killibegg, 6 persons, 6 pounds

(269) Catharine Power, Gowle, 9 persons, 10 Pounds

(270) Denis Kealey,Tomnifinague 2 Pounds

(271) Edward Kealey ” “

(272) Pat Doyle,Killibegg, 9 persons, 19 pounds

(273) Mary Dorcey, Gowle, 4 persons, 4 pound 10 shillings

(274) James Nolan, Killibeg 2 pound 10 shillings

(275) John Dewey, Coolkenno, 4 persons, 4 pound 10 shillings

(276) Paid to Mssr. Scott & Co. Dublin, for passage 66-18-1

Augst 22 (277) Mary Fox 3 pound

Sept 9 (278) Andrew Fox 2 pound

March 8, 1837 (279) Rev. William Barker for Widow Brownrigg

(Aug 24) 25 Pound

(280) Jane Flagherty & son (last 22 June) 10 pound 5 shillings

COOLLATTIN ESTATE TENANTS-EARL FITZWILLIAM by AnnetteCode

SHELELAGH, MARCH 1817-1818 (Sheffield Archives WWM/A/906

Joseph Coates leasor – undertenants as listed:

Connors, Mich. exe

Cundell,William

Gibbens, James, ece

Heatherington, George

Hughes, Lawrence

Kerrivan, James & Vellary Hughes

McCabe, Patrick

Maquire, John

Mara, William

Nowlan, Charles

Saunders, John

Spencer, Thomas

End

The Stewarts in Ireland

Coollattin Estate Wentworth & Fitzwilliams Co. Wicklow p2

THE DEMANDS OF THE ENGLISH NAVY FOR OAK TIMBER

MANAGING THE WOODLANDS

LINEN AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE

MINING

LANDLORDS AND TENANTS

Some of the tenants Surname 1st name Age

ORE ABOUT LIFE ON THE FITZWILLIAM ESTATE

The Famine

THE FITZWILLIAM GALLERY

Thomas Wentworth’s trial

AN IRISH LANDLORD

SIR HENRY’S CASTLE

Parish of Carnew Marriages from 1808

AGHOLD

FOR THE PARISH OF AGHOWLE DIOCESE OF LEIGHLIN, CO. CARLOW 1824-1825

ST. MICHAEL’S CHURCH, AGHOLD

Burial

Expenditures in Estate Records

List of Arrears

SHILLELAGH

SHILLELAGH NOTICES Deaths

Register of Tullophelim Parish 1695-1825 these are births

TRANSPORT

References

TINAHELY COMMERCIAL TRADERS 1910

EXTERNAL LINKS

COUNTY WICKLOW – THE GARDEN OF IRELAND

Times Past: The Workhouses of Wicklow

The 1641 REBELLION

PROTESTANT COLONISATION

1798 REBELLION

THE BATTLE OF BALLYRAHEEN

The BATTLES OF BALLYELLIS AND BALLYRAHEENE

19TH CENTURY REBUILDING